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The Role of Textbooks in Supporting a Good Curriculum

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The Role of Textbooks in Supporting a Good Curriculum TEXTBOOKS VALUE TWICE WHEN ALIGNED WITH A GOOD CURRICULUM AND EFFICIENT ASSESSMENT Nuno Crato University of Lisbon I’ll sustain that a good textbook has an intrinsic value, as an organized conveyer of knowledge, as a structured presentation of a discipline, as a reference, as a teacher’s and parents’ tool, and, obviously, as a student’s learning tool. But I’ll also sustain that its value is doubled when aligned with a knowledge-rich curriculum and a rigorous assessment system. We are all here because of textbooks First letters At middle and high school At college IN THE LAST YEARS WE HAD SOME SUCCESS PISA, TIMSS and textbooks played a role in it authoritarian times “romantic” era pragmatic times knowledge curriculum ???? 1933 - 1974 1974 - 1995/2005 2005 - 2011 2011 - 2015 2015 - … TwoPISA different 2011-countries:2015 Portugal: one of only two 1995 - 2000 countries that significantly increased2001the -top2015 and decreased the bottom Specific factors 2001: TIMSSSchool 4 resultsth grade 2005: Evaluation 9th grade 2006:1995 Assessment475 42th below6th 2015action541 programs,36 below PAM 2007: Textbook evaluation 2011: CompetencesDropout rates end, knowledge-based 2000standards start43.6% 2012:2011 Better standards25.0% 2012: Evaluation 4th 6th 2014:2015 Textbook evaluation13.7% A short history of textbooks in Portugal authoritarian times “romantic” era pragmatic times knowledge curriculum ???? 1933 - 1974 1974 - 1995/2005 2005 - 2011 2011 - 2015 2015 - … “livro único” Almost total freedom Textbook evaluation Textbook evaluation and certification and certification with One textbook only, Schools or teachers starts (DL261/2007) standards (DL5/2014) chosen by the choose freely ministry Certifying centres Evaluation helped by No systematic control standards Two-stage process: - analysis + correction - certification TEXTBOOK GOALS Where else to know what you need to know? Through hand-written notes? To guide students Don’t we want students to get used to follow through an argument, a text, an To be read and used by students organized sequence of thoughts? It it has to be correct Think x, … To highlight the unity of a discipline “Science is built of facts the way a house is (maths, history,…) built of bricks: but an accumulation of facts is no more science than a pile of bricks is a To help teachers A house.”set of notes, (Henri xeroxed Poincaré copies,). and internet - Structure references is as much a reference as a set of bricks is a house - Define “Prove that log xy = log x + log y” - Promote activities - Quality learning: enrich knowledge WhatWhat do is youthe renaissance?mean by “holistic”? To help parents To help examiners For students’ future reference • TEXTBOOK EVALUATION PRINCIPLES Facilitate what overwhelming evidence on teaching and learning supports: • Pedagogical freedom – different • Spaced practice perspectives • Interleaving • Retrieval • Correction • Questioning for elaboration • To check for coherence & cohesion • Concrete examples - Avoid contradictions • Dual coding - Consistency in definitions and notation Also… - Sequencing, progressiveness - Concept reinforcing • Worked examples - Summarizing • Good references • To guaranty conformity to standards • Complementary developments If our goal is to prepare students with structured knowledge, and knowledge-based skills and attitudes, we need structured textbooks and structured text references … but if we have the illusion that skills, for instance, the so-called critical thinking and other so-called “21st century skills” can be developed in a vacuum, then we don’t need knowledge and we don’t need good textbooks THANK YOU!.
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