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IAEA Nuclear Energy Series Policies and Strategies for The IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NW-G-2.1 This publication provides guidance on the development of policy and strategies for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. It is intended as an aid, resource Basic and reference for those engaged in the development Policies and or updating of national policies and strategies for the Principles decommissioning of nuclear facilities. Strategies for the Decommissioning Objectives of Nuclear and Radiological Facilities Guides Technical Reports INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA ISBN 978–92–0–116910–5 ISSN 1995–7807 11-43071_P1525_cover.indd 1 2012-01-18 11:00:35 RELATED PUBLICATIONS IAEA NUCLEAR ENERGY SERIES PUBLICATIONS AN OVERVIEW OF STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT STRUCTURE OF THE IAEA NUCLEAR ENERGY SERIES IN DECOMMISSIONING IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NW-T-2.5 STI/PUB/1341 (192 pp.; 2009) Under the terms of Articles III.A and VIII.C of its Statute, the IAEA is ISBN 978–92–0–106608–4 Price: €45.00 authorized to foster the exchange of scientific and technical information on the peaceful uses of atomic energy. The publications in the IAEA Nuclear Energy Series provide information in the areas of nuclear power, nuclear fuel cycle, MANAGING THE SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE radioactive waste management and decommissioning, and on general issues DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES that are relevant to all of the above mentioned areas. The structure of the Technical Reports Series No. 464 IAEA Nuclear Energy Series comprises three levels: 1 — Basic Principles and STI/DOC/010/464 (136 pp.; 2008) ISBN 978-92-0-110907-1 Price: €45.00 Objectives; 2 — Guides; and 3 — Technical Reports. The Nuclear Energy Basic Principles publication describes the rationale and vision for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. MANAGING LOW RADIOACTIVITY MATERIAL FROM THE Nuclear Energy Series Objectives publications explain the expectations DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES to be met in various areas at different stages of implementation. Technical Reports Series No. 462 Nuclear Energy Series Guides provide high level guidance on how to STI/DOC/010/462 (201 pp.; 2008) achieve the objectives related to the various topics and areas involving the ISBN 978–92–0–109907–5 Price: €55.00 peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Nuclear Energy Series Technical Reports provide additional, more DECOMMISSIONING STRATEGIES FOR FACILITIES USING detailed, information on activities related to the various areas dealt with in the RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL IAEA Nuclear Energy Series. Safety Reports Series No. 50 The IAEA Nuclear Energy Series publications are coded as follows: STI/PUB/1281 (37 pp.; 2007) NG — general; NP — nuclear power; NF — nuclear fuel; NW — radioactive ISBN 92–0–113206–9 Price: €29.00 waste management and decommissioning. In addition, the publications are available in English on the IAEA’s Internet site: CONSIDERATIONS FOR WASTE MINIMIZATION AT THE DESIGN STAGE OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES http://www.iaea.org/Publications/index.html Technical Reports Series No. 460 STI/DOC/010/460 (143 pp.; 2007) For further information, please contact the IAEA at PO Box 100, Vienna ISBN 978–92–0–105407–4 Price: €45.00 International Centre, 1400 Vienna, Austria. All users of the IAEA Nuclear Energy Series publications are invited to DECOMMISSIONING OF FACILITIES USING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL inform the IAEA of experience in their use for the purpose of ensuring that IAEA Safety Standards Series No. WS-R-5 they continue to meet user needs. Information may be provided via the IAEA STI/PUB/1274 (25 pp.; 2006) Internet site, by post, at the address given above, or by email to ISBN 92–0–110906–7 Price: €25.00 [email protected]. REDEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES AFTER DECOMMISSIONING Technical Reports Series No. 444 STI/DOC/010/444 (203 pp.; 2006) ISBN 92–0–105505–6 Price: €50.00 www.iaea.org/books 11-43071_P1525_cover.indd 2 2012-01-18 11:00:36 POLICIES AND STRATEGIES FOR THE DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR AND RADIOLOGICAL FACILITIES The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GHANA NIGER ALBANIA GREECE NIGERIA ALGERIA GUATEMALA NORWAY ANGOLA HAITI OMAN ARGENTINA HOLY SEE PAKISTAN ARMENIA HONDURAS PALAU AUSTRALIA HUNGARY PANAMA AUSTRIA ICELAND PARAGUAY AZERBAIJAN INDIA PERU BAHRAIN INDONESIA PHILIPPINES BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF POLAND BELARUS IRAQ PORTUGAL BELGIUM IRELAND QATAR BELIZE ISRAEL REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BENIN ITALY ROMANIA BOLIVIA JAMAICA RUSSIAN FEDERATION BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAPAN SAUDI ARABIA BOTSWANA JORDAN SENEGAL BRAZIL KAZAKHSTAN SERBIA BULGARIA KENYA SEYCHELLES BURKINA FASO KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SIERRA LEONE BURUNDI KUWAIT SINGAPORE CAMBODIA KYRGYZSTAN SLOVAKIA CAMEROON LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC SLOVENIA CANADA REPUBLIC SOUTH AFRICA CENTRAL AFRICAN LATVIA SPAIN REPUBLIC LEBANON SRI LANKA CHAD LESOTHO SUDAN CHILE LIBERIA SWEDEN CHINA LIBYA SWITZERLAND COLOMBIA LIECHTENSTEIN SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC CONGO LITHUANIA TAJIKISTAN COSTA RICA LUXEMBOURG THAILAND CÔTE D’IVOIRE MADAGASCAR THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CROATIA MALAWI REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CUBA MALAYSIA TUNISIA CYPRUS MALI TURKEY CZECH REPUBLIC MALTA UGANDA DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MARSHALL ISLANDS UKRAINE OF THE CONGO MAURITANIA UNITED ARAB EMIRATES DENMARK MAURITIUS UNITED KINGDOM OF DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MEXICO GREAT BRITAIN AND ECUADOR MONACO NORTHERN IRELAND EGYPT MONGOLIA UNITED REPUBLIC EL SALVADOR MONTENEGRO OF TANZANIA ERITREA MOROCCO UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ESTONIA MOZAMBIQUE URUGUAY ETHIOPIA MYANMAR UZBEKISTAN FINLAND NAMIBIA VENEZUELA FRANCE NEPAL VIETNAM GABON NETHERLANDS YEMEN GEORGIA NEW ZEALAND ZAMBIA GERMANY NICARAGUA ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. IAEA NUCLEAR ENERGY SERIES No. NW-G-2.1 POLICIES AND STRATEGIES FOR THE DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR AND RADIOLOGICAL FACILITIES INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2011 COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed to the IAEA Publishing Section at: Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria fax: +43 1 2600 29302 tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 email: [email protected] http://www.iaea.org/books © IAEA, 2011 Printed by the IAEA in Austria December 2011 STI/PUB/1525 IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Policies and strategies for the decommissioning of nuclear and radiological facilities. — Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2011. p. ; 24 cm. — (IAEA nuclear energy series, ISSN 1995–7807 ; no. NW-G-2.1) STI/PUB/1525 ISBN 978–92–0–116910–5 Includes bibliographical references. 1. Nuclear facilities — Decommissioning. 2. Nuclear reactors — Decommissioning. I. International Atomic Energy Agency. II. Series. IAEAL 11–00718 FOREWORD One of the IAEA’s statutory objectives is to “seek to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world”. One way this objective is achieved is through the publication of a range of technical series. Two of these are the IAEA Nuclear Energy Series and the IAEA Safety Standards Series. According to Article III.A.6 of the IAEA Statute, the safety standards establish “standards of safety for protection of health and minimization of danger to life and property.” The safety standards include the Safety Fundamentals, Safety Requirements and Safety Guides. These standards are written primarily in a regulatory style, and are binding on the IAEA for its own programmes. The principal users are the regulatory bodies in Member States and other national authorities. The IAEA Nuclear Energy Series comprises reports designed to encourage and assist R&D on, and application of, nuclear energy for peaceful uses. This includes practical examples to be used by owners and operators of utilities in Member States, implementing organizations, academia, and government officials, among others. This information is presented in guides, reports on technology status and advances, and best practices for peaceful uses of nuclear energy based on inputs from international experts. The IAEA Nuclear Energy Series complements the IAEA Safety Standards Series. The IAEA assists its Member States in managing radioactive waste in a safe, efficient and responsible manner by developing international standards and disseminating information on proven technical approaches. As part of these efforts, the IAEA provides guidance to its Member States on establishing national decommissioning policies and relevant strategies. In order to demonstrate that the entire life cycle of nuclear facilities is being properly and safely managed, countries should have a national policy and
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