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Nuclear Technology and Economic Development in the Republic of Korea

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Nuclear Technology and Economic Development in the Republic of Korea Nuclear Technology and Economic Development in the Republic of Korea @ NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA i The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GHANA NIGERIA ALBANIA GREECE NORWAY ALGERIA GUATEMALA OMAN ANGOLA HAITI PAKISTAN ARGENTINA HOLY SEE PALAU ARMENIA HONDURAS PANAMA AUSTRALIA HUNGARY PARAGUAY AUSTRIA ICELAND PERU AZERBAIJAN INDIA PHILIPPINES BAHRAIN INDONESIA POLAND BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PORTUGAL BELARUS IRAQ QATAR BELGIUM IRELAND REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BELIZE ISRAEL ROMANIA BENIN ITALY RUSSIAN FEDERATION BOLIVIA JAMAICA SAUDI ARABIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAPAN SENEGAL BOTSWANA JORDAN SERBIA BRAZIL KAZAKHSTAN SEYCHELLES BULGARIA KENYA SIERRA LEONE BURKINA FASO KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE BURUNDI KUWAIT SLOVAKIA CAMEROON KYRGYZSTAN SLOVENIA CANADA LATVIA SOUTH AFRICA CENTRAL AFRICAN LEBANON SPAIN REPUBLIC LESOTHO SRI LANKA CHAD LIBERIA SUDAN CHILE LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA SWEDEN CHINA LIECHTENSTEIN SWITZERLAND COLOMBIA LITHUANIA SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC CONGO LUXEMBOURG TAJIKISTAN COSTA RICA MADAGASCAR THAILAND CÔTE D’IVOIRE MALAWI THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CROATIA MALAYSIA REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CUBA MALI TUNISIA CYPRUS MALTA TURKEY CZECH REPUBLIC MARSHALL ISLANDS UGANDA DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MAURITANIA UKRAINE OF THE CONGO MAURITIUS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES DENMARK MEXICO UNITED KINGDOM OF DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MONACO GREAT BRITAIN AND ECUADOR MONGOLIA NORTHERN IRELAND EGYPT MONTENEGRO UNITED REPUBLIC EL SALVADOR MOROCCO OF TANZANIA ERITREA MOZAMBIQUE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ESTONIA MYANMAR URUGUAY ETHIOPIA NAMIBIA UZBEKISTAN FINLAND NEPAL VENEZUELA FRANCE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM GABON NEW ZEALAND YEMEN GEORGIA NICARAGUA ZAMBIA GERMANY NIGER ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. ii COPYRIGHT NOTICE [ 0 00123 242 5 66 76654 3879:6696 3879:667 3; 3<<<= '466 66 6079 iii FOREWORD Over the last five years, the IAEA, in cooperation with the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE), and the KHNP of the Republic of Korea, conducted a series of studies to quantify the benefits to date of nuclear technologies to the economy of the Republic of Korea. Working under the auspices of these agencies was a national team of experts from five different institutions, each with special areas of expertise: the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI); Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS); Kyungbuk National University, Korean Energy Economics Institute (KEEI), and Daegu- Gyeongbuk Development Institute. MOST served as the focal point for the national input–put (I–O) studies, including coordination of the I–O analysis team, providing assistance in gathering official statistics from the Korean Statistical Office and providing qualitative information on nuclear policy and strategies in the Repubic of Korea. KAERI was responsible for processing and analysing the I–O data, refining the I–O methodology and carrying out the I–O analysis. The basic I–O tables restructured by KAERI were provided by the National Bank of Korea. KINS collected data on the radioisotope industries. The regional analysis was completed under the aegis of MOCIE, in cooperation with KHNP, KEEI, KAERI and Kyungbuk National University. KHNP provided data on nuclear power plant construction and operations, on the regional costs and benefits of nuclear power plants and on KHNP’s regional and social outreach programmes. KAERI and Kyungbuk National University were responsible for structuring the analytical I–O methodology for the project and adapting it for regional analysis. KAERI and Kyungbuk National University together were responsible for the I–O based economic analysis. The Daegu-Gyeongbuk Development Institute provided regional economic data for the study. KEEI provided project coordination. The background chapters on economic history and energy sector development, and the chapters on other benefits besides contributions to gross domestic product, were written by the IAEA in cooperation with experts from the Republic of Korea. As agreed with the sponsoring organizations, the results of these efforts are presented here as a single report summing some of the estimated incremental benefits of selected nuclear technologies and plants to the economy of the Republic of Korea. v EDITORIAL NOTE This report has been edited by the editorial staff of the IAEA to the extent considered necessary for the reader’s assistance. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the IAEA, the governments of the nominating Member States or of the nominating organizations. Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information contained in this publication, neither the IAEA nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from its use. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. vi CONTENTS SUMMARY................................................................................................................1 1. OVERVIEW OF ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA ..............................11 1.1. Industrialization................................................................................11 1.2. Energy Policies.................................................................................15 2. ENERGY/ELECTRICITY BALANCES: DEMAND AND SUPPLY.....21 2.1. Energy Demand................................................................................21 2.2. Energy Supply ..................................................................................22 2.3. Energy Intensity ...............................................................................24 2.4. Electricity Demand...........................................................................24 2.5. Electricity Prices...............................................................................25 2.6. Electricity Supply .............................................................................26 3. NUCLEAR POWER .................................................................................28 3.1. History and Current Status ...............................................................28 3.2. Construction Schedule......................................................................29 3.3. Operating Performance.....................................................................30 3.4. Nuclear Fuel and Technology Imports .............................................32 4. VALUE ADDED FROM NUCLEAR POWER TO NATIONAL GDP...33 4.1. Structuring the I–O Tables ...............................................................33 4.2. Effects of Nuclear Power Plant Construction...................................38 4.3. Effects of Nuclear Power Plant Operations......................................40 4.4. Summary of the Total Nuclear Power Contribution to the National Economy............................................................................42 5. ESTIMATE OF NUCLEAR POWER’S INCREMENTAL CONTRIBUTION.....................................................................................44 5.1. Incremental Effects of Nuclear Power Plant Construction...............44 5.2. Incremental Effects of Thermal Power Generation Plant Operations ........................................................................................45 5.3. Deriving the Incremental Output and Value Added of Nuclear Power ...............................................................................................47 6. RADIOISOTOPE AND RELATED INDUSTRIES.................................51 6.1. History and Current Status ...............................................................51 vii 6.2. Manufacturing Applications.............................................................53 6.3. Medical Applications........................................................................58 6.4. Research Applications......................................................................60 6.5. Summary of Radioisotope Applications...........................................60 7. NUCLEAR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE REGIONAL ECONOMY .....62 7.1. Background ......................................................................................62 7.2. Overview of the Ulchin Region and Nuclear Power Plant...............63 7.3. Regional Contributions of Nuclear Power Plants.............................64 7.4. Structuring a Regional I–O Table.....................................................68 7.5. Including Households as a Productive Sector ..................................69 7.6. Results of Regional I–O Analysis: The Estimated Contribution of the Ulchin Nuclear Power Plant to Regional Economic Development ....................................................................................73
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