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Identities # 102 Identities # 102 Table of Contents Directors #102 Amaru Villanueva Rance, Ivan Rodriguez Petkovic, Rodrigo Barrenechea, Sharoll Fernandez, Caroline Risacher Partners Identities Jack Kinsella, Xenia Elsaesser Editorial Team Caroline Risacher, Matthew Grace, BX docunit Changtse Quintanilla Printing and Advertising Manager Ivan Rodriguez Petkovic Commercial Manager Clubes De Rodrigo Barrenechea Bolivian Coordinator Vermouth Ciencia Wilmer Machaca 08 Social Coordinator 20 Renata Lazcano Head of Production Adriana L. Murillo Argandoña The Online Head of Design Luis Aranda Presence Photography Instructor Michael Dunn Caceres and Production Journalists LA SAYA Anneli Aliaga, George Fearnley, Rhiannon Matthias, of Jiccha Lauren Minion NO ES TODO Our Cover 11 24 © 2019 Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de Cochabamba Follow Us Mimi Swaby Back Cover Lauren Minion Marketing Chevening Connecting to Rodrigo Barrenechea Advertise With Us Scholars Return the Roots From [email protected] Address to Bolivia the Roots Calle Prolongación Armaza, # 2957, Sopocachi, La Paz 14 27 Phone 78862061- 76561628 - 70672031 Contact [email protected] The Elegant Thanks to: Jeff Glekin, United Kingdom’s ambassador to Bolivia; Comunidad Cultural Afroboliviana Cbba; Clubes Andean Rainbows of de Ciencia Bolivia; Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de Cochabamba. 17Condor 30Revolution La Paz – Bolivia February 2020 /Bolivianexpress BX-102 @Bolivianexpress @Bolivianexpress 34RECOMMENDATIONS 37GLOSSARY 38CULTURAL AGENDA www.boliviaunlimited.org 4 Identities 5 Editorial #102: Identities By: Caroline Risacher he 2012 census revealed of Bolivia’s indigenous peoples. But refers to and recognised the rights and that 41 percent of Bolivians for Carlos Macusaya, an indianista- autonomy of inhabitants of rural areas self-identified as belonging katarista thinker and member of as ‘indígenas originarios campesinos’ to an indigenous group, the Jiccha collective, the use of the (native indigenous peasants). For a figure that caused word ‘indigenous’ comes with a price. Macusaya, the ‘native indigenous Tcontroversy and confusion when According to Macusaya, the word peasants’ evoke people who live in compared with the 2001 census in represents ‘a colonial category used to the countryside and are reluctant which 58 percent of the population name an undifferentiated population to change. Meanwhile, mestizos live identified as such. The figure from the subject to colonisation.’ Macusaya in the city. The social changes that 2012 census was a surprise because also points out that South American indigenous groups experience, moving the creation of the plurinational state countries only started to recognise to new economic spaces, are assumed in 2009 and the government’s official and adopt indigenous policies in the as biological changes (miscegenation) recognition of 36 indigenous groups 1990s, when they started to come and are read in racialised terms, seemed to mark a new beginning with international funding. Macusaya points out. where Bolivia embraced its diversity after centuries of colonial domination If you ask Macusaya, he will say A census may need to categorise and assimilation. Reasons for the drop that he is not indigenous; rather, he individuals for practical purposes, but in indigenous self-identification could is Aymara. To him, the indigenous one’s identity is personal and even be attributed to the way the census identity is imposed and represents the private. Identities shift over time, and was framed, the lack of a mestizo interests of other groups. Macusaya they can’t be reduced to one word and category, a resurgence of racism, also considers the notion that in can’t be imposed by anyone else. The social changes, or some combination Bolivia everyone is mestizo to be a next Bolivian census will take place of all of these factors. Indeed, identity colonial concept. ‘We must think of a in 2021, and its results will surely be is an incredibly complex concept, and country not of “indigenous” and not of analysed and discussed extensively. a census wouldn’t be able to reflect “mestizos”, because these are colonial As the country goes through a period that accurately – especially in Bolivia, identities with which the population of political and social change while where identities are shifting and are is racialised to justify exclusions,’ he questioning and trying to assess constantly being reinvented and says. ‘It is useless and even dangerous the legacy of Morales’s presidency, imposed by a dominant group. to be trapped in ideas like “all Bolivians maybe it is time to start rethinking are mestizos because there are no and reflecting on these words we take The word itself, ‘indigenous’, may seem pure races,” because it is a mixture of for granted – mestizo, indigenous, harmless enough and has been used something that does not exist: races.’ native – in order to avoid repeating the by the United Nations since the 1970s failures of history and create a true to help identify and protect the rights The current Bolivian Constitution and durable ‘plurinational’ state. Several Spanish and Aymara words are marked in N.B. bold throughout this issue. Their meanings can be found in our glossary. 6 Identities 7 Bolivian Vermouth One for the Taste Buds TEXT: Lauren Minion PHOTOS: Courtesy of Master Blends ermut Titicaca, produced by the renowned Master Blends company, claims to be Bolivia’s first ever take on the traditional vermouth used in cocktails Vacross the world, and it is certainly not one to be overlooked. Inspired by agricultural engineer and wine expert Joan Carbó, who originally hails from Barcelona, the vermouth ‘blanco’ and ‘rosso’ have only just appeared on Bolivian shelves. But already the product is showing signs of huge potential on the global stage with interest from the Cuban, Chilean and Argentinian markets. CONTINUES ON PAGE 10 8 Identities 9 The Online Presence and Production of Jiccha How a small group of Aymara academics managed to take Bolivia’s social-media outlets by storm TEXT & PHOTO: Anneli aliaga Anahí Cusicanqui, a business administrator tropical rainforest. This is an even fruitier or many years, Bolivia’s academic with the Master Blends company, says vermouth, composed of approximately 24 content and political proposals with a laugh that thanks to Carbó’s ‘crazy locally sourced ingredients, among which were exclusively broadcast ideas’, the company was able to produce a are more berries and fruits than herbs, from and to an elite social product whose aim is to ‘maximise all that unlike the vermouth Andino. The history sector. Wilmer Machaca, Carlos is Bolivian.’ Encompassed under this identity encompassed by the colourful and detailed FMacusaya, Iván Apaza Calle and Franco are the flavours that are so particular to label of this bottle tells the story of the Limber, all academics from El Alto in their Bolivia due to the plants and herbs that can arrival of Hispanic colonists and their search own right, decided it was time for things to be found exclusively on the altiplano and in through the Amazon for El Dorado. Canelón change. They are managing to dispel the the Amazonian rainforest. was considered to be nearly as valuable as idea that Bolivian popular sectors have no gold in this era, as it was a flavour that the academic agency and potential. Inspired Master Blends’ vermouth ‘blanco’ – or Spanish had never before encountered. by the word for ‘now’ or ‘the present’ in Andino – is a drink inspired by the Bolivian Aymara, Machaca created Jiccha in 2017 as altiplano and the flavours and culture In order to produce both the vermouth a personal online blog. Two years later, the that it represents for Bolivian people. The ‘blanco’ and ‘rosso’, Master Blends has blog became a portal and Machaca teamed herbs rica-rica and ajenjo (also known as teamed up with the Kuhlmann Distillery, up with Macusaya, Apaza Calle and Limber wormwood) are the main contributors located in Tarija. Vermouth is approximately to create a group with various social-media to the vermouth’s flavour, and they are 90 percent wine, and so the balancing and platforms such as Facebook, Youtube and sourced in the renowned Salar de Uyuni mixing that takes place in Tarija carries Twitter. Now consisting of an official team and ancient Inca settlement of Isla del equal importance to the infusions of herbs of 12 members, Jiccha is a cultural and Sol in Lake Titicaca, respectively. A and fruits that is carried out in La Paz. The political platform that supports, produces beautifully designed image on the label of infusion, which reaches an 80-90 percent and broadcasts academic content in the the bottle shows a tableau of indigenous alcohol content, is sent to the Kuhlmann field of indigenous studies and theindianista people on the aforementioned Isla del Sol. Distillery to be mixed, balanced and bottled and katarista political ideologies to an Cusicanqui says that altitudes of more than with high-quality white and red wine. international and national following of over 3,000 metres does not affect vermouth Kuhlmann’s Franz Molina says that a white 15,000 people. production as it does the distillation muscatel wine is used for the white vermouth process of other alcohols, and that this that is extremely aromatic, fine and clean. white vermouth is a much more fruitier The red vermouth is produced from alternative to a dry vermouth ‘blanco.’ She muscatel and tannat, which thrives at Tarija’s adds that Master Blends makes a special 2,000-metre altitude. effort to locally source all 32 of the distinct and natural ingredients that contribute to Both vermouths are already Bolivia’s this vermouth’s rich and characteristically showing great potential in Bolivian flavour. the international market; first ever take however, at this early stage CONTINUES ON PAGE 12 The vermouth Andino’s counterpart, of production the Master on traditional vermouth Amazónico, gains its flavour Blends company is prior- from the extensive Bolivian Amazon itising making it available in vermouth. region. Its most noticeable ingredient is Bolivia nationwide in restau- canelón, a plant found in the heart of the rants, bars and cafés.
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