Chec List Bivalves of the São Sebastião Channel, North Coast Of
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Check List 10(1): 97–105, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Bivalves of the São Sebastião Channel, north coast of the PECIES S São Paulo State, Brazil OF Lenita de Freitas Tallarico 1*, Flávio Dias Passos 2, Fabrizio Marcondes Machado 3, Ariane Campos 1, ISTS 1 1,4 L Shirlei Maria Recco-Pimentel and Gisele Orlandi Introíni 1 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional. R. Charles Darwin, s/n - Bloco N, Caixa Postal 6109. CEP 13083-863. Campinas, SP, Brazil. 2 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal. Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Caixa Postal 6109. CEP 13083-970. Campinas, SP, Brazil. 3 Programas de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. R. Bertrand Russell, s/n, Caixa Postal 6109, CEP 13083-970. Campinas, SP, Brazil. 4 Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde. R. Sarmento Leite, 245. CEP 90050-170. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The north coast of the São Paulo State, Brazil, presents great bivalve diversity, but knowledge about these organisms, especially species living subtidally, remains scarce. Based on collections made between 2010 and 2012, the present work provides a species list of bivalves inhabiting the intertidal and subtidal zones of the São Sebastião Channel. Altogether, 388 living specimens were collected, belonging to 52 species of 34 genera, grouped in 18 families. Tellinidae, Veneridae, Semelidae, Ungulinidae, Mactridae, Solecurtidae, Corbulidae, Cardiidae, Lucinidae, Cooperellidae, Nuculidae, Psammobiidae, Donacidae, Solenidae, Periplomatidae, Thraciidae and Arcidae were the most representative families in Caryocorbula caribaea, Codakia pectinella and Diplodonta punctata were intertidally abundant, while Macoma uruguayensis and Pitar fulminata were subtidally abundant. this collection. Among the identified species, Introduction elements in trophic chains and are commercially relevant. The municipalities of São Sebastião and Ilhabela are Estimates suggest that there are about 1,000 marine within an area of important biodiversity along northern bivalve species in Brazil; approximately 300 of these are coast of São Paulo State. Between the continent and Ilhabela believed to occur in São Paulo State, but only 191 were island is the São Sebastião Channel (Figure 1). In this published (Simone 1999). area, marine communities have been irreversibly altered Despite the importance of bivalves in the marine because of exponential urban growth and anthropogenic environment, there are few details on their distribution, especially on those species living subtidally at greater Sebastião, an oil terminal (Dutos e Terminais Centro Sul - depths. Malacofaunal studies in the São Sebastião Channel DTCS)influence (Zanardi in coastal et al zones.. 1999), The and commercial two submarine harbor outfalls at São include the pioneer survey of Ihering (1897), as well (one on the mainland, near the harbor at the Araçá Bay, as the study of Migotto et al. (1993), which analyzed and another at Saco da Capela, in Ilhabela municipality) several locations along the channel, and the investigation have increasingly contributed to local contamination by of Salvador et al. (1998), which focused on the central- chemical compounds. Furthermore, much attention has northern beaches of Ilhabela. been given to this area due to an expansion of the harbor Considering the absence of current data on bivalve at São Sebastião, which requires information about diversity and distribution within the intertidal and environmental impact to marine ecosystems at the region subtidal zones of the north coast of the São Paulo State, (Teodoro et al. 2010). this work aims to present an updated list of bivalve species In this context, all knowledge on ecological dynamics within the São Sebastião Channel. of coastal and oceanic areas represents important contributions to the evaluation and monitoring of Materials And Methods environmental quality. New information is essential to São Sebastião Channel is located between the planning and can draw attention to the preservation and municipalities of São Sebastião and Ilhabela on the north sustainability of this delicate natural heritage in São Paulo coast of São Paulo State, southeast Brazil; it is 25 km long, State (Arasaki et al. 2004; Amaral et al. 2010; Teodoro et 2–7 km wide and up to 40 m deep in the central area (Netto al. 2010). et al. 2005; Oliveira et al. 2010). The climate is subtropical São Sebastião Channel has been an important hub and water temperatures oscillate from 15 to 20°C (Migotto et al. 2001). and biodiversity. Mollusks are conspicuous among the The bivalves were obtained from sediment samples invertebratefor scientific groups research found due in tothis its region variety (Amaral of habitats et al. collected in the intertidal and subtidal zones between 2010). Bivalves contribute to the conduction of nutrients January 2010 and December 2012. Only living specimens from the pelagic to the benthonic zone, are considered key with soft parts were considered in this survey. 97 Tallarico et al. | Bivalves of the São Sebastião Channel, Brazil Anomalocardia brasiliana, a species with great ecological and socioeconomic importance, was not included in this study, despite the huge biomass and conspicuous Channel, between São Sebastião and Ilhabela (23°46.745′ populations in certain sampling localities such as Araçá S, 45°23.091′ W and 23°43.887′ S, 45°22.420′ W), two Bay. This species has a high nutritional value and supplies stations at the Araçá Bay (23°49.002′ S, 45°24.159′ W and et al. 2010). 23°48.872′ S, 45°23.990′ W), one station near the Cigarras Anomalocardia brasiliana was excluded from the present Beach, São Sebastião (23°43.760′ S 45°23.771′ W) and studyfood for because local fishermen it has been and investigated tourists (Amaral in other studies oneAll station specimens at the were Azeda immediately Beach, Ilhabela submersed (23°44.622′ in seawater S, (Narchi 1974; Arruda-Soares et al. 1982; Boehs 2000; and45°20.961′ kept alive W) for(Figure transport 1). to the Marine Biology Center, Arruda and Amaral 2003; Amaral 2010; Boehs et al. 2010). São Paulo University (CEBIMar-USP), where they were A Global Positioning System device (Garmin GPSMAP dissected for other purposes. Foot and adductor muscle 60CSx) was used to record positions of the stations. Intertidal sediment samples were collected using shovels and gonads were prepared for electron/light microscopy. and 0.5 mm sieve mesh. Samples were gathered on four Thetissues remaining were fixed soft in 95%parts alcohol and shellsfor molecular of the analysesvoucher specimens were deposited in the Museum of Zoology “Prof. Dr. Adão José Cardoso” (ZUEC), in the State University of different dates at Araçá Beach (23°49.053′ S, 45°24.373′ W), three different dates at Barequeçaba Beach (23°49′ on Rios (1994, 2009), Mikkelsen and Bieler (2008), Quast S, 45°25′ W), both in São Sebastião, as well as twice at (2003),Campinas Arruda (Table (2005), 1). Species Amaral identifications et al. (2006), andwere Denadai based (FigureVelho Barreiro 1). Subtidal Beach bottom (23°45′ samples S, 45°20′ were W) obtained and once using at the a et al. (2006), while suprageneric nomenclature and VanEngenho Veen D′ água Beach (23º48′ S, 45º22′ W), in Ilhabela taxonomic order follow Bieler et al. (2010). boat. Subtidal samples were washed and sieved over 0.3 Images of shells were made using a stereomicroscope and 0.5 mm-type mesh floor sizes. sediment The collector,following towed subtidal from localities a trawl (Stereo Discovery V8, Carl Zeiss Microscopy) and a Canon were sampled once: two locations at 200 meters from the digital camera (Figures 2-4). Some specimens were slightly damaged during dissection and other, well-preserved specimens from the teaching collection of State University Figueira Pier in São Sebastião (23°45.138′ S, 45°24.070′ W and 23°45′ S, 45°24′ W), two stations in the middle of the Figure 1. Collection stations on the northern coast of the São Paulo State: (A) Barequeçaba Beach; (B) Araçá Beach; (C and D) Araçá Bay; (E and I) São Sebastião Channel; (F and G) São Sebastião Channel near Figueira Pier; (H) Cigarras Beach; (J) Azeda Beach; (K) Velho Barreiro Beach; (L) Engenho D’água Beach. 98 Tallarico et al. | Bivalves of the São Sebastião Channel, Brazil of Campinas were photographed instead. However, all al. 1998; Soares-Gomes and Pires-Vanin 2003). Ihering rare specimens collected as part of this study were all (1897) collected 79 species in São Sebastião and Ilhabela. photographed. Migotto (1993) described 87 species collected in southern São Sebastião Channel, from Ponta do Guaecá to Araçá Results Bay. Salvador (1998) found 52 species from Barra Velha, Altogether 388 living individuals and 52 species of Perequê and Engenho D’água beaches. Soares-Gomes bivalves were collected. They belong to 34 genera, grouped and Pires-Vanin (2003) collected 59 samples from the Ubatuba continental shelf. In the present study, 52 A total of 330 specimens belonging to 43 species were species were found in São Sebastião Channel (Table 1), foundin 18 families in the intertidal and five zone,orders while (Table 58 1, specimens Figures 2-4). belonging but differing collection methodologies and different to 22 species were found in the subtidal zone. The most locations do not allow in-depth comparison with earlier frequently collected bivalve families were, in diminishing studies. order of number of species: Tellinidae, Veneridae, No new species were found during the present study, Semelidae, Ungulinidae, Mactridae, Solecurtidae, but some uncommon species were collected, including Corbulidae, Cardiidae, Lucinidae, Cooperellidae, Nuculidae, Anadara chemnitzi, Cooperella atlantica, Pitar circinata, Psammobiidae, Donacidae, Solenidae, Periplomatidae, Sanguinolaria sanguinolenta, Strigilla pisiformis, Solecurtus Thraciidae and Arcidae.