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An Antillean Plant of Beauty, a French Botanist, and a German Name: Naming Plants in the Early Modern Atlantic World
Estonian Journal of Ecology, 2012, 61, 1, 37–50 doi: 10.3176/eco.2012.1.05 An Antillean plant of beauty, a French botanist, and a German name: naming plants in the Early Modern Atlantic world Laura Hollsten Faculty of Arts, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Åbo, Finland; [email protected] Received 10 December 2010, revised 7 March 2011, accepted 27 June 2011 Abstract. This paper investigates the naming of plants in the work of the French botanist Charles Plumier (1646–1704). Plumier made three trips to the French Antilles between 1690 and 1697, was appointed royal botanist in 1693, and published his first work, Description des Plantes de l’Amérique, in the same year. Plumier was the first ‘modern’ botanist to describe the flora of the Caribbean in a time when natural history underwent significant qualitative changes as a result of the European expansion and transatlantic contacts. Plumier’s ambition was to replace the confusing multitude of names given to New World plants with a universal taxonomically based nomenclature. His modernity and scientific ethos manifest themselves in his neutral way of organizing the plants according to a taxonomic system and his use of a Latin nomenclature, often naming plants after well-known botanists. Through Plumier’s naming process, I argue, it is possible to highlight the colonial and Atlantic context of his work, his network as part of the scientific elite of his country, and his professionalism resulting from years of botanical studies. Key words: history of botany, early modern natural history, plant nomenclature. INTRODUCTION According to a story entitled ‘The Tree of Riches’, the French botanist Charles Plumier decided that he would like to travel the world and get rich (Pellowski, 1990). -
Harvey Tercentenary WILLIAM HARVEY: the MAN and the COLLEGE of PHYSICIANS
Harvey Tercentenary WILLIAM HARVEY: THE MAN AND THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS By K. D. KEELE, M.D., F.R.C.P. Consultant Physician, Ashford Hospital and Staines Hospital IN I578, on i April, Thomas Harvey of Folkestone, and his wife Joan, were blessed with their firstborn often children, William Harvey. This birth took place in a 'faire stone-built house' which later became the post office. At the age of ten the young William was sent to the Grammar School (now the King's School), Canterbury, for his elementary education, whence, at the age of sixteen he was entered as a pensioner of Caius College, Cambridge, taking his Arts degree in 1597 and departing the following year, aged nineteen, for Padua, to receive his medical education from the best medical school in Europe. Here he learnt anatomy from Fabricius ab Aquapendente for whom only four years before a new anatomical theatre had been built, in the form of six narrow concentric galleries below which was placed a table for the body. The whole theatre was windowless, and lighting was from two candelabra of three candles each, and eight lamps held by students. During the five years Harvey spent in Padua Fabricius ab Aqua- pendente was producing for publication his work, De Venarum Osteolis, on the valves in the veins, which was published in I603. One may be quite sure, under these circumstances, that these valves were thoroughly demonstrated and discussed in the presence of the student Harvey, and that in conditions of darkness which he found particularly favourable for contemplation of their significance. -
Gardenias, Magnolias and Oleanders
Gardenias, Magnolias and Oleanders Gardenia jasminoides is cultivated throughout the gardens of New Orleans as a sweet-scented flowering shrub. The Gardenia is a genus of 142 species of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, southern Asia, Australasia and Oceania. Several species occur on the island of Hawaii, and is known in to many people in New Orleans as the Cape jasmine. The fragrant and beautiful gardenia Since this species originated in warm humid tropical areas, it demands high humidity to thrive and bright (not direct) light. It flourishes in acidic soils with good drainage and thrives in Crescent City temperatures. Flowering is from about mid-spring to mid-summer, with May the predominant month. The stunningly beautiful shrub with the fragrant white flowers did not derive its name from “the garden”, however. It all began in Charleston, South Carolina, where there lived a Scottish-born botanist named Dr. Alexander Garden (1730 -1791). He was a member of several learned societies and was a fellow of the Royal Society in London. He collected all manner of flora and fauna, which he packed up and sent to London zoologist John Ellis and famous Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus. He bundled up and sent them various magnolias and some Gordonia specimens, but the plant that bears his name had nothing to do with his particular efforts. It wasn’t even American. Linnaeus was strongly persuaded by Ellis to name something after Garden, so the Gardenia became the name for the Cape jasmine, also known as Cape jessamine. -
Dr More, Having Been Accused of Irregular Practice by the College Of
APPENDIX 1 Dr John More and the College of Physicians Dr More, having been accused of irregular practice by the College of Physicians (CPh) in 1612, was the next year charged with an offence against good taste in criticising the practice of Dr Francis Herring, a fellow of the College (FCP), and Archbishop Abbot took the opportunity to ban More from practising. The College was short of funds, however, and in 1617 the considerable sum of £20, a 'voluntary deposit' from More, induced the President, Henry Atkins, to propose conditional acceptance 'until either the King or [Privy] Councillors prohibit it'. This met with substantial resistance - More's formal admission was turned down by the Fellowship on a 15/5 vote. Even so, when Dr Arthur Dee, son of the celebrated Dr John Dee and a physician to Queen Anne, was asked by the CPh by what authority he presumed to practise, Dee replied in exasperation that 'medicine was his profession and that as he could make a business out of it, he ought to follow it', and cited More and Thomas Turner as examples of irregulars whose activities were being condoned by the College. i More continued to press the £20 offer - substantial compared to fees being paid at the time - ii and Atkins pointed out that, despite the embarrassment of Abbot's ban, his licensing 'would be pleasing to important men'. After further wrangling, in March 1619 the Fellows narrowly voted him in, and William Munk lists him as a licentiate of the College. iii Even so, 'the Registrar was careful to inscribe in full his letter averring the money to be a free gift, and More himself “ever...a servante” of the College'. -
THE AMERICAN P Founded in 1887 for the Purpose of Promo Ting the in Crease of Physiologica I Knowledge and Its U Tilization
THE AMERICAN P Founded in 1887 for the purpose of promo ting the in crease of physiologica I knowledge and its u tilization. President Earl H. Wood, Mayo Med. Sch., Rochester, MN President- Elect Francis J. Haddy, Uniformed Services Univ. of Hlth. Sci., Bethesda, MD Volume 24, No. 1, February 1981 Past President TA BNTENT Ernst Knobil, Univ. of Pittsburgh Council BCIETY AFFAIRS Earl H. Wood, Francis J. Haddy, Ernst Knobil, Jack L. Kostyo, Eugene Markley Landis ............................... 1 S. McD. McCann, Paul C. Johnson, Leon Farhi Past President’s Address ... Ernst Knobil ................ 3 Pulmonary Physiology and Function Testing in Small Executive Secretary-Treasurer Laboratory Animals ................................ 8 Orr E. Reynolds, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland Physiology Career Opportunities Symposium ............ 8 20014 Notes from Capitol Hill. ............................... 8 Meeting of the Section on Cellular and General Physiology . 9 Honors and Awards ................................... 9 Member Contributions. ............................... 10 CIBA Geigy Corp. Application and Instructions. .......................... 15 Grass Instrument Co. A.H. Robins Co., Inc. Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceu- IST0RICAL ARTICLES Arlie V. Bock - Physiologist . D. B. Dill . 11 ANMQUNCEMENTS ICI Americas Inc. Oxygen Transport to Human Tissues .................... 7 Eli Lilly and Co. NEH 1981 Humanities Seminars. ....................... 9 McNeil Labor Life Sciences Research Office ......................... 10 Merck Sharp Pharmacology -
Vernon H. Heywood the Cultural Heritage Of
Bocconea 28: 161-172 https://doi.org/10.7320/Bocc28.161 Version of Record published online on 22 November 2019 Vernon H. Heywood The cultural heritage of Mediterranean botanic gardens* Abstract Heywood, V. H.: The cultural heritage of Mediterranean botanic gardens. — Bocconea 28: 161- 172. 2019. — ISSN: 1120-4060 printed, 2280-3882 online. Mediterranean botanic gardens represent a rich and diverse cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible. They include spectacular landscapes and the plantings include many important intro- ductions of both ornamental and economically important species. The gardens also contain many buildings of great architectural merit, some historic, some modern. Also important are the historic glasshouses and shade houses. Many of these gardens contain important herbarium collections that have served a key role in the preparation of Floras and major botanical libraries containing historical works of great value as well as works of art, sculptures paintings, drawings, and other illustrations and invaluable historic archives. The intangible cultural heritage of these gardens is represented by the impact that they have had the inhabitants of the cities and towns in which they are located and on generations of visitors – students, professionals and the public. With the decline of teaching and research in botany as a university discipline, some of these collections are at risk of dispersal or an even worse fate. In the face of these uncertainties a series of proposals to help safeguard this invaluable heritage is given, including the compilation of an inventory of these his- torically important buildings, libraries, works of art and archives and the use of the latest scanning and imaging techniques so that a visual record is prepared. -
Experimental Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation in the Eighteenth Century
-e: EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC INNOVATION IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY by ANDREAS-HOLGER MAEHLE A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London University College London 1996 ProQuest Number: 10017185 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10017185 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT In the historiography of pharmacology and therapeutics, the 18th century is regarded as a period of transition from traditional, Galenistic materia medica to the beginnings of modern, experimental drug research. Ackerknecht (1973) characterized the pharmacotherapy of this period as a "chaotic mixture of chemiatric and Galenistic practices", yet acknowledged an "increasing tendency toward empiricism, partly even true experimentalism". This thesis explores this transitional phase for the first time in depth, examining the relations between pharmacological experimentation, theory-building, and therapeutic practice. Furthermore, ethical aspects are highlighted. The general introduction discusses the secondary literature and presents the results of a systematic study of pharmacological articles in relevant 18th-century periodicals. The identified main areas of contemporary interest, the spectrum of methods applied, and the composition of the authorship are described and interpreted. -
Slater V. Baker and Stapleton (C.B. 1767): Unpublished Monographs by Robert D. Miller
SLATER V. BAKER AND STAPLETON (C.B. 1767): UNPUBLISHED MONOGRAPHS BY ROBERT D. MILLER ROBERT D. MILLER, J.D., M.S. HYG. HONORARY FELLOW MEDICAL HISTORY AND BIOETHICS DEPARTMENT SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON PRINTED BY AUTHOR MADISON, WISCONSIN 2019 © ROBERT DESLE MILLER 2019 BOUND BY GRIMM BOOK BINDERY, MONONA, WI AUTHOR’S INTRODUCTION These unpublished monographs are being deposited in several libraries. They have their roots in my experience as a law student. I have been interested in the case of Slater v. Baker and Stapleton since I first learned of it in law school. I was privileged to be a member of the Yale School Class of 1974. I took an elective course with Dr. Jay Katz on the protection of human subjects and then served as a research assistant to Dr. Katz in the summers of 1973 and 1974. Dr. Katz’s course used his new book EXPERIMENTATION WITH HUMAN BEINGS (New York: Russell Sage Foundation 1972). On pages 526-527, there are excerpts from Slater v. Baker. I sought out and read Slater v. Baker. It seemed that there must be an interesting backstory to the case, but it was not accessible at that time. I then practiced health law for nearly forty years, representing hospitals and doctors, and writing six editions of a textbook on hospital law. I applied my interest in experimentation with human beings by serving on various Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) during that period. IRBs are federally required committees that review and approve experiments with humans at hospitals, universities and other institutions. -
Catalogue 294 Recent Acquisitions CATALOGUE 294 Catalogue 294
ANTIQUARIAAT JUNK ANTIQUARIAAT Antiquariaat Junk Catalogue 294 1 Recent Acquisitions CATALOGUE CATALOGUE 294 Catalogue 294 Old & Rare Books Recent Acquisitions 2016 121 Levaillant Catalogue 294 Recent Acquisitions Antiquariaat Junk B.V. Allard Schierenberg and Jeanne van Bruggen Van Eeghenstraat 129, NL-1071 GA Amsterdam The Netherlands Telephone: +31-20-6763185 Telefax: +31-20-6751466 [email protected] www.antiquariaatjunk.com Natural History Booksellers since 1899 Please visit our website: www.antiquariaatjunk.com with thousands of colour pictures of fine Natural History books. You will also find more pictures of the items displayed in this catalogue. Items 14 & 26 sold Frontcover illustration: 88 Gessner Backcover illustration: 121 Levaillant GENERAL CONDITIONS OF SALE as filed with the registry of the District Court of Amsterdam on No- vember 20th, 1981 under number 263 / 1981 are applicable in extenso to all our offers, sales, and deliveries. THE PRICES in this catalogue are net and quoted in Euro. As a result of the EU single Market legisla- tion we are required to charge our EU customers 6% V.A.T., unless they possess a V.A.T. registration number. Postage additional, please do not send payment before receipt of the invoice. All books are sold as complete and in good condition, unless otherwise described. EXCHANGE RATES Without obligation: 1 Euro= 1.15 USD; 0.8 GBP; 124 JPY VISITORS ARE WELCOME between office hours: Monday - Friday 9.00 - 17.30 OUR V.A.T. NUMBER NL 0093.49479B01 134 Meyer 5 [1] AEMILIANUS, J. Naturalis de Ruminantibus historia Ioannis Aemy- liani... Venetiis, apaud Franciscum Zilettum, 1584. -
Guides to the Royal Institution of Great Britain: 1 HISTORY
Guides to the Royal Institution of Great Britain: 1 HISTORY Theo James presenting a bouquet to HM The Queen on the occasion of her bicentenary visit, 7 December 1999. by Frank A.J.L. James The Director, Susan Greenfield, looks on Front page: Façade of the Royal Institution added in 1837. Watercolour by T.H. Shepherd or more than two hundred years the Royal Institution of Great The Royal Institution was founded at a meeting on 7 March 1799 at FBritain has been at the centre of scientific research and the the Soho Square house of the President of the Royal Society, Joseph popularisation of science in this country. Within its walls some of the Banks (1743-1820). A list of fifty-eight names was read of gentlemen major scientific discoveries of the last two centuries have been made. who had agreed to contribute fifty guineas each to be a Proprietor of Chemists and physicists - such as Humphry Davy, Michael Faraday, a new John Tyndall, James Dewar, Lord Rayleigh, William Henry Bragg, INSTITUTION FOR DIFFUSING THE KNOWLEDGE, AND FACILITATING Henry Dale, Eric Rideal, William Lawrence Bragg and George Porter THE GENERAL INTRODUCTION, OF USEFUL MECHANICAL - carried out much of their major research here. The technological INVENTIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS; AND FOR TEACHING, BY COURSES applications of some of this research has transformed the way we OF PHILOSOPHICAL LECTURES AND EXPERIMENTS, THE APPLICATION live. Furthermore, most of these scientists were first rate OF SCIENCE TO THE COMMON PURPOSES OF LIFE. communicators who were able to inspire their audiences with an appreciation of science. -
Transactions
M,EDICO - CHIRURGICAL TRANSACTIONS, PIUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF It{en LONDON. VOLUME THE THIRTY-FIRST. LONDON: PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS, PATERNOSTER-ROW. 1848. RICtARDIOUERT , AILNTER, GREE.N ARtIlUB CO1URT, OLD IBAILEY, LOqDON. MEDICO - CHIRURGICAI TRANSACTIONS, PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SECOND SERIES. VOLUME THE THIRTEENTH. LONDON: PRJNTED POR LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN AND LONGMANS, PATERNOSTER-ROW. 1848. RICHARD KINDER, PRINTER, GREEN ARHOUR COURT, OLD BAILEY, LONDON. ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. PATRON, THE QUEEN. OFFICERS AND COUNCIL, ELECTED MARCH 1, 1848. PRESIDENT. JAMES MONCRIEFF ARNOTT, F.R.S. rHENRY DAVIES, M.D. JONATHAN M.D., F.R.S. VICE-PRESIDENTS.<V PEREIRA, GEORGE MACILWAIN. LRICHARD PARTRIDGE, F.R.S. { BENJAMIN GUY BABINGTON, M.D., F.R.S. TREASURERS. BENJAMIN PHILLIPS, F.R.S. f WILLIAM BALY, M.D., F.R.S. SECRETARIES. FRED. LE GROS CLARK. { JOHN HENNEN, M.D. LIBRARIANS. l_RICHARD QUAIN, F.R.S. JAMES ALDERSON, M.D., F.R.S. THOMAS MAYO, M.D., F.R.S. ROBERT NAIRNE, M.D. WILLIAM SHARPEY, M.D., F.R.S. OTHER MEMBERS LEONARD STEWART, M.D. OF THE COUNCIL. HENRY ANCELL RICHARD BLAGDEN. GEORGE BUSK. JOHN DALRYMPLE. JAMES PAGET. TRUSTEES OF THE SOCIETY. JAMES M. ARNOTT, F.R.S. JOHN CLENDINNING, M.D., F.R.S. EDWARD STANLEY, F.R.S. a2 FELLOWS OF THE SOCIETY APPOINTED BY THE COUNCIL AS REFEREES OF PAPERS, FOR THE SESSION OF 1847-8. BABINGTON, BENJAMIN G., M.D., F.R.S. BOWMAN, WILLIAM, F.RIS. BUDD, GEORGE, M.D., F.R.S. -
Statecraft and Insect Oeconomies in the Global French Enlightenment (1670-1815)
Statecraft and Insect Oeconomies in the Global French Enlightenment (1670-1815) Pierre-Etienne Stockland Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2018 © 2017 Etienne Stockland All rights reserved ABSTRACT Statecraft and Insect Oeconomies in the Global French Enlightenment (1670-1815) Pierre-Etienne Stockland Naturalists, state administrators and farmers in France and its colonies developed a myriad set of techniques over the course of the long eighteenth century to manage the circulation of useful and harmful insects. The development of normative protocols for classifying, depicting and observing insects provided a set of common tools and techniques for identifying and tracking useful and harmful insects across great distances. Administrative techniques for containing the movement of harmful insects such as quarantine, grain processing and fumigation developed at the intersection of science and statecraft, through the collaborative efforts of diplomats, state administrators, naturalists and chemical practitioners. The introduction of insectivorous animals into French colonies besieged by harmful insects was envisioned as strategy for restoring providential balance within environments suffering from human-induced disequilibria. Naturalists, administrators, and agricultural improvers also collaborated in projects to maximize the production of useful substances secreted by insects, namely silk, dyes and medicines. A study of