THE AMERICAN P Founded in 1887 for the purpose of promo ting the in crease of physiologica I knowledge and its u tilization. President Earl H. Wood, Mayo Med. Sch., Rochester, MN President- Elect Francis J. Haddy, Uniformed Services Univ. of Hlth. Sci., Bethesda, MD Volume 24, No. 1, February 1981 Past President TA BNTENT Ernst Knobil, Univ. of Pittsburgh Council BCIETY AFFAIRS Earl H. Wood, Francis J. Haddy, Ernst Knobil, Jack L. Kostyo, Eugene Markley Landis ............................... 1 S. McD. McCann, Paul C. Johnson, Leon Farhi Past President’s Address ... Ernst Knobil ................ 3 Pulmonary Physiology and Function Testing in Small Executive Secretary-Treasurer Laboratory Animals ................................ 8 Orr E. Reynolds, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland Physiology Career Opportunities Symposium ............ 8 20014 Notes from Capitol Hill. ............................... 8 Meeting of the Section on Cellular and General Physiology . 9 Honors and Awards ................................... 9 Member Contributions. ............................... 10 CIBA Geigy Corp. Application and Instructions. .......................... 15 Grass Instrument Co. A.H. Robins Co., Inc. Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceu- IST0RICAL ARTICLES Arlie V. Bock - Physiologist . D. B. Dill . 11 ANMQUNCEMENTS ICI Americas Inc. Oxygen Transport to Human Tissues .................... 7 Eli Lilly and Co. NEH 1981 Humanities Seminars. ....................... 9 McNeil Labor Life Sciences Research Office ......................... 10 Merck Sharp Pharmacology of Regulation. .......................... 10 Res. Labs. 1981 Meeting of American Society of Zoologists. ......... 14 Publications MIT 1981 Summer Course ............................. 36 American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology THE PHYSI0L0GY TEACHER American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology, and Metab- Science Education: Experiment in Facilitating Learning olism of Neurophysiology . Herbert Levitan . 19 American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver An Approach to a Physiology Course for Independent Study Physiology . H. I. Model1 . 28 American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physi- Symposium on Teaching of Respiratory Physiology to Medical QlQgY Students . John 5. West . 32 American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Hemodynamics: A Simple Laboratory System . Comparative Physiology August W. Jaussi.. , . 35 American Journal of Physiology: Renal, Fluid and Electrolyte Contracture of Skeletal Muscle by Caffeine - Probe for Physiology Calcium Action . Allen lsaacson . , . 37 American Journal of Physiology (Consolidated) Letters to the Editor . 39 Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental Pulmonary Crossword Puzzle . Barbara Graham . 44 and Exercise Physiology Book Reviews Journal of Neurophysiology Shock, Physiological Surgery, and George Washington @rile Physiological Reviews . HoraceW.Davenport............................ 40 The Physiologist Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics Handbooks of P,hysiology . Suzanne Laychock . 40 Clinical Physiology Series Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Biomembranes . Suzanne Laychock . 41 THE PHYSIOLOGIST is published bimonthly by the American The Human Organism.. Suzanne Laychock. ............ 41 Physiological Society at 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland Physiological Psychology.. Sherman Ross ............. 41 20014. Address all correspondence to this address. Thermoregulation ... George J. Jacobs. ................. 42 Subscriptions: Distributed with The Physiology Teacher to Mathematical Modelling and Computers in Endocrinology members as a part of their membership. Non-members and in- . Joanne Kelleher.. 42 stitutions, $15.00 per year in the United States; Canada, Renal Physiology . D. Hartupee, F. G. Knox . 43 $16.00 Foreign and postal Union, $17.00. The American Gastrointestinal Physiology . Elaine Feldman. 43 Physiological Society ass&es no responsibility for the Neurophysiology of Postural Mechanisms statements and opinions advanced by contributors to THE . Daniel Feldman . 43 PHYSIOLOGIST. i Creative scientists are likely to prove their talents at an early In 1929 EML was awarded a Guggenheim Memorial Foundation age. Gene Landis was born in New Hope, Pennsylvania, in 1901 Fellowship and for the next two years he worked with August and his first two publications, entitled “Drosophila and Mendel’s Krogh in Copenhagen and with Sir Thomas Lewis is London. This Law” and “An amicronucleate race of Paramecium Caudatum” association with the elite of experimental zoology and physiology appeared in 1919 and 1920; you, gentle reader, may perform the on the one hand and clinical research on the other, was no acci- subtractions. By 1927 “EML” had collected four academic dent. Indeed, it reflects most accurately Gene’s interests and degrees from the University of Pennsylvania, including an M.D. scientific philosophy; few people in our generation have been and a Ph.D. More importantly, by 1930 he had published a series able to move so easily and productively between biology-for-its- of brilliant papers on capillary pressure and capillary permeability own-sake and clinical medicine. In a recent letter, Gene Landis in the American Journal Of Physiology (1,2,3,4,). In later years puts it more modestly, “. my past as a dilletante and perpetual Gene Landis contributed to the American Physiological Society in amateur from zoology to medicine and from physiology to many ways but the Society can take greatest pride, and Gene the biology, is the only consistency I can discover.” greatest satisfaction, from these classic papers. August Krogh, in After returning from Europe in 1931, EML wore a clinical hat for his 1928 revision of The Anatomy and Physiology of the twelve years, first at the University of Pennsylvania and then as Capillaries, noted the very unsatisfactory state of knowledge Chairman of the Department of Medicine at the University of regarding capillary permeability prior to Gene Landis’ studies and Virginia. During this period, his chief research interests and ac- wrote as follows: ” . athe situation has now been wholly changed complishments involved capillary permeability and fluid exchange by the brilliant work of E. M. Landis . *. whose methods open up as measured by plethysmography in human extremities, (6,7) but the possibility of an intimate understanding of capillary he also made the first accurate measurements of the molecular physiology far beyond anything to be imagined before.” Vhe “in- weight of inulin (81 and the first renal clearance measurements of timate understanding” of which Krogh spoke, is today the basis Diodrast in humans (9). He was one of the first investigators to of everyday teaching in physiology and the original papers, in- verify unequivocally Tigerstedt and Bergman’s long-disputed cluding the 1934 article in Physiological Reviews, (5) remain as discovery of renin in kidney extracts, and thus began to establish models of beautiful scientific writing. the pathogenetic role of renin in renovascular hypertension (10). In 1943 EML returned to “pure” physiology as the third George Gene received many honors over the years including member- Higginson Professor of Physiology at Harvard Medical School, ship in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Na- succeeding Henry Pickering Bowditch and Walter B. Cannon. tional Academy of Sciences. He was the recipient of the John World War II was raging and EML had the difficult task of starting Phillips Memorial Medal of the American College of Physicians, a new department with double-duty teaching under wartime con- honorary degrees from Harvard and Yale, the Gold Heart Award ditions. At the same time, he was President of the American of the American Heart Association, and honorary membership of Society for Clinical Investigation and he had continuing respon- the Harvey Society and the Society Argentina de Biology. sibilities to war research with the Committee on Aviation However, his greatest joy has been his close-knit family--his char- Medicine in Washington. During this period, the American ming wife Betty, his daughter Barbara, his grandchildren, and his Physiological Society suspended its normal activities but as soon son-in-law, an engineer at IBM, under whose tutelage Gene as the war was over, EML was drafted into the affairs of the started a new career in modern electronics on his retirement from society. He served on Council from 1947 to 1951 and was elected Harvard while, at the time, serving as adjunct Professor of President in 1952. The first APS Newsletter was published while Biology at Lehigh University. EML was President and of course this later developed into The John R. Pappenheimer Physio/ogLst. No account of EML’s Presidency would be com- A. Clifford Barger plete without mentioning the APS Gavel. Wallace Fenn, in his Third Quarter History of AK, gives the following account: BIBLIOGRAPHY At the close of the last Council meeting during his 1. The capillary pressure in frog mesentery as determined by micro- presidency, Dr. Landis entertained members of the Council injection methods. Am. J. Physiol. 75:548-570, 1926. at dinner and presented to his successor a gavel which he 2. Micro-injection studies of capillary permeability. ii. The relation bet- had made with his own hands out of wood historically con- ween capillary pressure and the rate at which fluid passes through nected with Dr. H.P. Bowditch and Dr. Walter B. Cannon. the walls of single capillaries. Am. J. Physiol. 82:217-238, 1927.