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The Harveian Oration I Desire, Sir, to Record My Any Enmity

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The Harveian Oration I Desire, Sir, to Record My Any Enmity OCTOBER 21, 1922. exists in support of tho contention, it is impossible to Oration believe tl’at some <.<.Ho of the fierce political and The Harveian religious passions then raging in England was not ON heard within the walls of College. For the (’ollege THE CENTURY contained in it,s body men ready to clie for the king. MEDICINE IN and rnon just as ready to send that king to a shameful BEFORE HARVEY. death ; men to wholll the was an abomina- tion, and men who sighed for the days of universal BY ARNOLD CHAPLIN, M.D.CAMB., orthodoxy, before King llenry VIII. had raised his F.R.C.P. LOND., destroying hand. All honour, then, to this College for the restraint it was able to exercise, so that, while LIBRARIAN OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS HARVEIAN were a OF LONDON. Puritan and Iloyalist engaged in deadly struggle, the Fellows, holding the same divergent opinions, were able to meet and conduct their business with FELLOws, LADIES, AND CJENTLEMEN. MR. PBESJDENT, such that has been unable to record -In the command of to decorum history obeying your predecessor overt act of The amount of control deliver the Harveian Oration I desire, Sir, to record my any enmity. needed be when men like John Bathurst sense of the honour bestowed upon me, and may imagined deep great and Laurence both in Cromwell’s service and of the diffidence I in approaching a task Wright, experience in his took their seats at the Comitia that has the abilities of so many distinguished high favour, occupied side side with and Sir Charles men in the past. Already 202 orators have complied by Harvey Scarburgh, with the conditions formulated in Harvey’s bequest. who were no less zealous in the service of their king. such moderation be an for all time ! The subject has been presented from many aspects, and May example This since its foundation in be I should be guilty of an act of presumption were I to College, 1518, may as of medical in this suppose that any part of the field had escaped the regarded representative thought with few those who have minute investigation of so many acute intellects. country, for, exceptions, Harvey, when founding this oration, indicated with contributed to the advance of the science and art of great precision its aims and its extent, but the provi- medicine have been members of its body. But of all those who have conferred honour and distinction sions elaborated with such care by the founder have the reason of their additions to our been interpreted by successive orators in various ways. upon College by Sometimes the orator has obeyed the injunctions of stock of scientific knowledge William Harvey occupies alone the of honour. His in which Harvey more or less literally, while at other times a place great work, brief reference to the commands of the founder has he gave for the first time the true explanation of the sufficed to link them to the subject of the oration. manner in which the blood circulated, was published But Harvey desired this oration to be, above all, the to the world in 1628-110 years after the foundation of the The of that work marked medium of an annual exhortation to this College for College. appearance the of the of modern and the express purpose of keeping alive in the minds of beginning epoch physiology, the Fellows certain important principles for the guid- the close of the long period during which the authority of Galen had held After the ance of their conduct in private and professional life undisputed sway. publica- tion of the De lllotu Cordis the scales fell from the -principles as worthy of acceptance to-day as they eyes, were in the seventeenth For this reason I and men broke for ever with the old and inept tradition century. in am constrained to call attention to the commands that had for centuries hindered the advance contained in Harvey’s bequest, for they form the scientific thought concerning biology. But however the influence of work essence of the creed of all honourable physicians far-reaching Harvey’s great whether ancient or modern. may have been, it must not be forgotten that it was These commands of Harvey may be considered for but one of the epoch-making movements taking place at the same time in other branches of science. For a moment with reference to the manner in which they have been modified to meet the needs of modern times. the early years of the seventeenth century witnessed The founder ordained that this oration should be the gathering of the first-fruits from that vast change delivered in Latin, but that tongue has not been heard produced largely by the revival of learning-a change which ended medipevalism and freed the human mind on this occasion since 1 Rti 1. The Latin language has to ceased to be the usual method o f communication between from the fetters of blind adherence authority. In to with the conditions laid the learned, and by common consent that injunction my attempt comply has been allowed to fall into abeyance. The second down in the bequest of Harvey I propose to direct attention to a consideration of the of injunction imposes upon the orator the duty of your history medicine and science the first hundred mentioning by name all the benefactors of the College. during years of recounting the work they have accomplished, and of the existence of this College, or up to the date of of exhorting others to emulate them. But here again the appearance of Harvey’s work. In carrying out that. it will be to indicate the the lapse of years has swelled the roll of those who project my duty briefly chief causes for the of have benefited the College to such an extent that the responsible decay learning during time at the disposal of the orator would hardly permit the Middle Ages and the revival of letters in the fifteenth him to comply with the command. A judicious century ; for the re-birth of the study of medicine science I hold to be a of that selection of names, therefore, is all that the orator and part wonderful I shall then to a review of the state of can attempt in obedience to this act of piety demanded change. pass by the founder. The two remaining injunctions medical and scientific knowledge during the sixteenth or to the of requiring us " to search and study out the secrets of century, up appearance Harvey’s work Nature by experiment, and also for the honour of the in 1628. Finally, I shall offer some considerations profession to continue in mutual love and affection," concerning the change wrought in medical and scientific the seventeenth present no difficulty to the orator of the twentieth thought during century by the advent century, for they comprise the whole duty of the of Harvey. In adopting this method I shall be able to select from the roll of the mental physician in every age in which his life is passed. College types of But when Harvey in 1656 attached to his bequest activity in illustration of the various phases through which medical the under these two fundamental commands the peculiar con- thought passed during period dition of political and scientific thought rendered review. them specially imperative. The experimental method THE AGE OF AUTHORITY. in science was then in its infancy, and many physicians Until the dawn of the sixteenth century, coeval with still clung obstinately to the teaching sanctioned the foundation of this College in 1518, it might be through centuries by authority itself based on insecure asserted that the study of medicine had made little foundations. Political and religious feeling ran high advance in Europe since the Greek period, which closed in the seventeenth century, and the admonitiom " to with the age of Galen. For more than a thousand continue in mutual love and affection " became the years, therefore, the world was content with a medical solemn duty of every man who had the welfare of the system constructed in ancient times. But it was not College near to his heart. Although no direct evidence medicine and science alone that failed to register any 5173 R 844 advance, for the study of all branches of learning of the Greek spirit in the West. I refer to the Crusades, was involved in the same black night of stagnation and the occupation of Constantinople by the Franks and obscurity, and as age succeeded age Europe for a period of nearly no years. From the fervent receded farther and farther into the abyss of ignorance pages of Anna Comnena we are made acquainted with and intellectual sloth. The chief cause for this lament- the astonishment of the first Crusaders when, with able state of learning in Europe was political, and predatory eye, they beheld for the first time the really began on the day when Constantine the Great Greek capital in all its luxury and glory. We know in 323, spear in hand, followed the invisible heavenly also how frightful was the spoliation to which that guide in marking out the limits of the city of Constanti- fair city was subjected by the Franks when, in the nople, the future capital of the East. Although the name of the Master which both contending parties great founder fondly hoped to rule both East and West., served, they marched through blood to its capture. while established on the fair promontory at the entrance It is, however, impossible to suppose that the visits of the Bosphorus, it soon became evident that the of the Crusaders and the occupation of the city by two empires must separate and accomplish their the Franks did not contribute to the diffusion of the destinies in their own appointed ways.
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