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New EU Criteria for Endocrine Disrupters Consequences for the Food Chain

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New EU Criteria for Endocrine Disrupters Consequences for the Food Chain New EU criteria for endocrine disrupters Consequences for the food chain New EU criteria for endocrine disrupters TemaNord 2018:537 New EU criteria for endocrine disrupters ISBN 978-92-893-5685-5 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-5686-2 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-5687-9 (EPUB) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2018-537 TemaNord 2018:537 ISSN 0908-6692 Standard: PDF/UA-1 ISO 14289-1 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2018 Cover photo: Shutterstock Print: Rosendahls Printed in Denmark Disclaimer This publication was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the Nordic Council of Ministers’ views, opinions, attitudes or recommendations. Rights and permissions This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Translations: If you translate this work, please include the following disclaimer: This translation was not pro- duced by the Nordic Council of Ministers and should not be construed as official. The Nordic Council of Ministers cannot be held responsible for the translation or any errors in it. Adaptations: If you adapt this work, please include the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by the Nordic Council of Ministers. Responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the adaptation rests solely with its author(s). The views and opinions in this adaptation have not been approved by the Nordic Council of Ministers. Third-party content: The Nordic Council of Ministers does not necessarily own every single part of this work. The Nordic Council of Ministers cannot, therefore, guarantee that the reuse of third-party content does not in- fringe the copyright of the third party. If you wish to reuse any third-party content, you bear the risks associ- ated with any such rights violations. You are responsible for determining whether there is a need to obtain per- mission for the use of third-party content, and if so, for obtaining the relevant permission from the copyright holder. Examples of third-party content may include, but are not limited to, tables, figures or images. Photo rights (further permission required for reuse): Any queries regarding rights and licences should be addressed to: Nordic Council of Ministers/Publication Unit Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K Denmark Phone +45 3396 0200 [email protected] Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, economics and culture and plays an important role in European and international forums. The Nordic community strives for a strong Nordic Region in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation promotes regional interests and values in a global world. The values shared by the Nordic countries help make the region one of the most innovative and competitive in the world. The Nordic Council of Ministers Nordens Hus Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K, Denmark Tel.: +45 3396 0200 www.norden.org Download and order Nordic publications from www.norden.org/nordpub Contents Preface ......................................................................................................................................7 Summary.................................................................................................................................. 9 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 11 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 13 Program – NKMT Workshop 2016 ........................................................................................... 15 November 29 ..................................................................................................................... 15 November 30 .................................................................................................................... 16 Speaker’s abstracts .................................................................................................................. 17 Workshop: Summary of questions and answers – group discussions ......................................... 35 Day 1 Risk assessment ....................................................................................................... 35 Day 2 Risk management .................................................................................................... 37 Additional Questions and Answers to companies within the food sector..................................41 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 45 Participants ...................................................................................................................... 46 Sammanfattning (sv) ............................................................................................................... 47 Annex 1: EU-Legislation ......................................................................................................... 49 Annex 2: Endocrine disruptors in food and their mechanisms of action .................................... 51 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 51 Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 53 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................55 2. Background: an introduction to endocrinology .............................................................. 58 3. Mechanisms of action and implicated disorders/diseases ................................................76 4. Summary and conclusions ............................................................................................ 137 5. Future considerations................................................................................................... 143 References ............................................................................................................................ 145 Appendix ............................................................................................................................... 163 New EU criteria for endocrine disrupters 5 6 New EU criteria for endocrine disrupters Preface There are growing concerns that environmental contaminants; for example substances migrating from food packagings, food additives, or natural substances in foods (e.g. phytoestrogens) may have adverse effects on endocrine functions in humans. Such adverse effects could be mediated by mimicking the body’s own hormones or interfere with hormone production, secretion, degradation or transport of hormones in the body. These substances are known as endocrine disruptors (EDs). It is suspected that EDs can cause decreased fertility, hormone-related cancers, behavioral changes, adverse effects on the immune systems, and metabolic disorders. Setting scientific criteria for their identification is highly complicated and will have important consequences for a wide range of stakeholders. The process of defining these criteria has moved forward slowly since there is a lack of consensus between scientists and regulators. However, work is now under way in the EU to develop common criteria at EU level for the hazard identification of endocrine disruptors/hormone-disrupting substances and to scrutinize the possibilities to establish safe exposure levels for these. Therefore a two-day workshop was held in November 29–30 in Uppsala within the Nordic co-operation (NKMT; Nordic Working Group for Diet, Food and Toxicology) with invited representatives from Nordic food authorities (risk assessors and risk managers), trade, industry, trade associations, consumer organizations and with national and international experts to assist in giving the Nordic food authorities a common knowledge base and thus the possibility of a uniform handling of endocrine disruptors in foods. This knowledge will also be used to assess the impact of new EU legislation in this area and possibly affect this new legislation. The organizing project group consisted of the following persons: Denmark: Mette Holm and Maja Kirkegaard, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Anne Marie Vinggaard, Technical University of Denmark Finland: Johanna Suomi and Kimmo Suominen, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Iceland: Grimur Eggert Olafsson, Iceland Food and Veterinary Authority Norway: Julie Tesdal Håland and Rune Jemtland, Norwegian Food Safety Authority Sweden: Emma Ankarberg and Kettil Svensson (project manager), National Food Agency, Sweden New EU criteria for endocrine disrupters 7 8 New EU criteria for endocrine disrupters Summary Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are substances that adversely affect the endocrine system’s normal functions by mimicking the body’s own hormones or interfere with hormone production, secretion, degradation or transport of hormones in the body. It is suspected that EDs can cause decreased fertility, hormone-related cancers, behavioural changes, effects on the immune systems, and metabolic disorders. The effects of EDs are thought to depend on both the level
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