Hakka Migration 1-5*
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An Overview of Hakka Migration History: Where Are You From?
客家 My China Roots & CBA Jamaica An overview of Hakka Migration History: Where are you from? July, 2016 www.mychinaroots.com & www.cbajamaica.com 15 © My China Roots An Overview of Hakka Migration History: Where Are You From? Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 3 Five Key Hakka Migration Waves............................................................................................. 3 Mapping the Waves ....................................................................................................................... 3 First Wave: 4th Century, “the Five Barbarians,” Jin Dynasty......................................................... 4 Second Wave: 10th Century, Fall of the Tang Dynasty ................................................................. 6 Third Wave: Late 12th & 13th Century, Fall Northern & Southern Song Dynasties ....................... 7 Fourth Wave: 2nd Half 17th Century, Ming-Qing Cataclysm .......................................................... 8 Fifth Wave: 19th – Early 20th Century ............................................................................................. 9 Case Study: Hakka Migration to Jamaica ............................................................................ 11 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 11 Context for Early Migration: The Coolie Trade........................................................................... -
Family Language Policy in a Hakka Community in Sabah, Malaysia
Journal of Modern Languages Vol. 30, (2020) https://doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol30no1.4 Family Language Policy in a Hakka Community in Sabah, Malaysia Chih-I Liao [email protected] Abstract Hakka has been the lingua franca used among various Chinese groups in Sabah, Malaysia, since the 1950s. Economic development and de-emphasis on ethnic identity within Chinese communities throughout Malaysia is now forcing Sabah Hakkas to confront external pressures on their language and culture. Language shift from Hakka is in progress as young Hakkas prefer speaking Mandarin, while their parents feel responsible for maintaining Hakka. This article presents a case study of family language policies in four Hakka families in Sabah. Whether a particular language is used in the family and passed down to the next generation is one of the significant points of enquiry in studying language shift. In this study, parents’ ethnic identity, children’s language choices, and the factors affecting family language policy are examined. The findings show that the quintessence of Hakka culture in Sabah is the Hakka language, and this helps to keep the language alive at home. However, concern for children’s education and wider social factors such as globalisation, economic changes and the media are influencing language practices in Hakka families. Keywords: language maintenance, language shift, family language policy, Hakka, Sabah 129 Family Language Policy in a Hakka Community 1. Introduction Language shift and language maintenance have been explored among various immigrant communities (Li, 1994; Winter & Pauwels, 2007; Yu, 2014; Donghui Zhang, 2010), and research has shown that language use of people who have migrated from their original homeland to another country may be affected by a range of factors. -
Ming-Qing Women's Song Lyrics to the Tune Man Jiang Hong
engendering heroism: ming-qing women’s song 1 ENGENDERING HEROISM: MING-QING WOMEN’S SONG LYRICS TO THE TUNE MAN JIANG HONG* by LI XIAORONG (McGill University) Abstract The heroic lyric had long been a masculine symbolic space linked with the male so- cial world of career and achievement. However, the participation of a critical mass of Ming-Qing women lyricists, whose gendered consciousness played a role in their tex- tual production, complicated the issue. This paper examines how women crossed gen- der boundaries to appropriate masculine poetics, particularly within the dimension of the heroic lyric to the tune Man jiang hong, to voice their reflections on larger historical circumstances as well as women’s gender roles in their society. The song lyric (ci 詞), along with shi 詩 poetry, was one of the dominant genres in which late imperial Chinese women writers were active.1 The two conceptual categories in the aesthetics and poetics of the song lyric—“masculine” (haofang 豪放) and “feminine” (wanyue 婉約)—may have primarily referred to the textual performance of male authors in the tradition. However, the participation of a critical mass of Ming- Qing women lyricists, whose gendered consciousness played a role in * This paper was originally presented in the Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, New York, March 27-30, 2003. I am deeply grateful to my supervisor Grace S. Fong for her guidance and encouragement in the course of writing this pa- per. I would like to also express my sincere thanks to Professors Robin Yates, Robert Hegel, Daniel Bryant, Beata Grant, and Harriet Zurndorfer and to two anonymous readers for their valuable comments and suggestions that led me to think further on some critical issues in this paper. -
The Thought Patterns Surrounding Confucianism
ASIAN VIEW The Thought Patterns Surrounding doctrine for national governance was Confucianism established. China today views Confucianism as the identity of its peo- By Wang Min ple. Since 2004, it has been aiming to establish 100 Confucius Institutes THE ongoing “politically cold, economi- as a British colony, had emerged from around the world, and the first of these cally hot” situation between Japan and the War of Independence and firmly in Japan has already opened at China, a deepening antagonism in poli- established its national identity, their Ritsumeikan University in Kyoto. The tics and diplomacy that coexists with bur- bilateral relationship involved a long classic texts of Confucianism, The Four geoning economic ties, continues without interaction on an equal basis wherein Books and Five Classics, are now required any sign of abating. No one denies that they affirmed and recognized their dif- reading at Renmin University of China, Sino-Japanese relations are a crucial pillar ferences. Japan and China on the other whose role is to train cadres for the in East Asia, but it remains a regrettable hand, affirm their own identities and do Chinese Communist Party and the fact that no improvement to a favorable, not yield to the other. Needless to say, Chinese government. “politically hot, economically hot” cli- the rancor from the unfortunate war of During the Edo Period under the mate appears to be on the horizon. half a century ago, during which Japan Tokugawa rule (1603-1867), Japan was Sino-Japanese hostility in politics and invaded China and China endured great divided into more than 260 feudal diplomacy is widening the distrust and sacrifices, still lingers, but this contrasts domains known as han. -
Annual Report 2020
CONTENTS CONTENTS 2 Company Profile 3 Corporate Information 4 Chairman’s Statement 10 2020 Highlights 14 Biographies of Directors and Senior Management 19 Management Discussion and Analysis 32 Report of Corporate Governance 57 Directors’ Report 79 Independent Auditor’s Report 86 Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss 88 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 89 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 91 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 92 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 94 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 179 Five-year Financial Summary 180 Information for Investors 181 Definitions COMPANY PROFILE Beijing Energy International Holding Co., Ltd. | Annual Report 2020 COMPANY PROFILE Beijing Energy International Holding Co., Ltd. (listed on the main board of the Stock Exchange) is striving to be a leading global eco-development solutions provider, which mainly engaged in the development, investment, operation and management of solar power plants and other renewable energy projects. As of 31 December 2020, the Group owned 61 solar power plants with aggregate installed capacity of approximately 2,070.4MW, and have generated approximately 2,795,834MWh of green electricity for the entire 2020. Our power plant network covers various provinces/autonomous regions including Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang and Guangdong, etc. Under the rapid growth of the renewable energy industry, the Company has attracted many strong investors, including BEH (an integrated energy service enterprise of Beijing City), CMNEG under CMG, China Huarong (one of the four major asset management companies in China), QCCI (a state-owned enterprise) and ORIX (an international large-scale group providing integrated financial services). The Group aims at building the most efficient and advanced renewable energy operation and maintenance platform, and establishing a green ecosphere by employing a low-carbon and sustainable development model, so as to bring clean energy into millions of families. -
1. Adaptive Moving Shadows Detection Using Local Neighboring
www.engineeringvillage.com Citation results: 500 Downloaded: 3/5/2018 1. Adaptive moving shadows detection using local neighboring information Wang, Bingshu (School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen, China); Yuan, Yule; Zhao, Yong; Zou, Wenbin Source: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), v 10117 LNCS, p 521-535, 2017, Computer Vision - ACCV 2016 Workshops, ACCV 2016 International Workshops, Revised Selected Papers Database: Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc. Data Provider: Engineering Village 2. Matrix completion based direction-of-Arrival estimation in nonuniform noise Liao, Bin (College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen; 518060, China); Guo, Chongtao; Huang, Lei; Wen, Jun Source: International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, DSP, p 66-69, March 1, 2017, Proceedings - 2016 IEEE International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, DSP 2016 Database: Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2018 Elsevier Inc. Data Provider: Engineering Village 3. Computing the personalized HRTFs based on weighted anthropometric parameters matching Yuan, Xiang (Shenzhen University, China); Zheng, Nengheng; Cai, Sudao Source: INTER-NOISE 2017 - 46th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering: Taming Noise and Moving Quiet, v 2017- January, 2017, INTER-NOISE 2017 - 46th International Congress and -
The Globalization of Chinese Food ANTHROPOLOGY of ASIA SERIES Series Editor: Grant Evans, University Ofhong Kong
The Globalization of Chinese Food ANTHROPOLOGY OF ASIA SERIES Series Editor: Grant Evans, University ofHong Kong Asia today is one ofthe most dynamic regions ofthe world. The previously predominant image of 'timeless peasants' has given way to the image of fast-paced business people, mass consumerism and high-rise urban conglomerations. Yet much discourse remains entrenched in the polarities of 'East vs. West', 'Tradition vs. Change'. This series hopes to provide a forum for anthropological studies which break with such polarities. It will publish titles dealing with cosmopolitanism, cultural identity, representa tions, arts and performance. The complexities of urban Asia, its elites, its political rituals, and its families will also be explored. Dangerous Blood, Refined Souls Death Rituals among the Chinese in Singapore Tong Chee Kiong Folk Art Potters ofJapan Beyond an Anthropology of Aesthetics Brian Moeran Hong Kong The Anthropology of a Chinese Metropolis Edited by Grant Evans and Maria Tam Anthropology and Colonialism in Asia and Oceania Jan van Bremen and Akitoshi Shimizu Japanese Bosses, Chinese Workers Power and Control in a Hong Kong Megastore WOng Heung wah The Legend ofthe Golden Boat Regulation, Trade and Traders in the Borderlands of Laos, Thailand, China and Burma Andrew walker Cultural Crisis and Social Memory Politics of the Past in the Thai World Edited by Shigeharu Tanabe and Charles R Keyes The Globalization of Chinese Food Edited by David Y. H. Wu and Sidney C. H. Cheung The Globalization of Chinese Food Edited by David Y. H. Wu and Sidney C. H. Cheung UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I PRESS HONOLULU Editorial Matter © 2002 David Y. -
Cerita Budi Pekerti
1 Cerita Budi Pekerti Disadur Dari : 八德故事 Dipersembahkan Dengan Setulusnya Oleh : Sukacita Melafal Amituofo www.smamituofo.blogspot.com Disebarluaskan secara gratis, dilarang memperjualbelikan. 2 Daftar Isi Hal Zhong You Memikul Beras……………………….……..8 Kisah Min Zi-qian……………………………………...12 Kisah Huang Xiang………………………………….…16 Selimut Lebar Jiang Gong…………...………….…...…19 Qian-lou Mencicipi Kotoran……………………………23 Shou-chang Melepaskan Jabatan…………………….…26 Meng Zhong Mencari Rebung…………………....….…30 Wang-pou Menangisi Makam……………………….…32 Wu Meng Menyuapi Nyamuk…………………….……35 Su Wu Menggembalakan Kambing……………………39 Wen Gong Menyayangi Saudara………………………46 Kesetiaan Wen Gong………………………….………..50 Li Shan Menyusui Majikannya……………..…………56 3 Hal Menghibur Hati Ayahbunda……………………..……63 Zhu Xian Membakar Surat Warisan……………..……67 Tian Zhen Dan Pohon Zi Jing.…………………………72 Wen-can Menolak Perpecahan………………………..79 Ji Shao Melindungi Kaisar…………………………….85 Yu Shun Bercocok Tanam……………………………89 Ratusan Anjing Chen Fang…………………………....96 Kekuatan Zhen-qing…………………………………101 Penantian Shi-en Di Larut Malam…………………...107 Ji Zha Menggantung Pedang…………………………115 Semoga Paduka Senantiasa Bijaksana………………119 Yun Chang Memakamkan Gurunya…………………126 Gou Jian Mencicipi Empedu…………………………131 Kemuliaan Zhuge Liang………………………..……..136 Zhu Yun Merusak Pagar Pintu………………………..141 4 Hal Wang Dan Menjunjung Bakat………………………..148 Kemuliaan Seorang Wanita…………………………..154 Zhao Xiao Merebut Maut …………………………….158 Li Zhong Selamat Dari Gempa……………………….162 Fan Ji Yang Bijak……………………………………..166 Zeng Shen Membina Batin……………………………171 -
The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history. -
The Diary of a Manchu Soldier in Seventeenth-Century China: “My
THE DIARY OF A MANCHU SOLDIER IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY CHINA The Manchu conquest of China inaugurated one of the most successful and long-living dynasties in Chinese history: the Qing (1644–1911). The wars fought by the Manchus to invade China and consolidate the power of the Qing imperial house spanned over many decades through most of the seventeenth century. This book provides the first Western translation of the diary of Dzengmeo, a young Manchu officer, and recounts the events of the War of the Three Feudatories (1673–1682), fought mostly in southwestern China and widely regarded as the most serious internal military challenge faced by the Manchus before the Taiping rebellion (1851–1864). The author’s participation in the campaign provides the close-up, emotional perspective on what it meant to be in combat, while also providing a rare window into the overall organization of the Qing army, and new data in key areas of military history such as combat, armament, logistics, rank relations, and military culture. The diary represents a fine and rare example of Manchu personal writing, and shows how critical the development of Manchu studies can be for our knowledge of China’s early modern history. Nicola Di Cosmo joined the Institute for Advanced Study, School of Historical Studies, in 2003 as the Luce Foundation Professor in East Asian Studies. He is the author of Ancient China and Its Enemies (Cambridge University Press, 2002) and his research interests are in Mongol and Manchu studies and Sino-Inner Asian relations. ROUTLEDGE STUDIES -
Trampled Earth
6 ( Trampled Earth For over half a century, from roughly 1620 to 1680, the southwest fron- tier was in turmoil, much like the rest of China, and despite Zhu Xie- yuan’s best-laid plans for Shuixi the Ming state was incapable of restor- ing political authority over Guizhou and Yunnan following the She-An Rebellion. Subprefecture, prefecture, and even several provincial offices remained unstaffed during the 1630s and 1640s, and with the demise of the Ming in 1644, so, too, went the notion of civilian rule. “The Ming civilian bureaucracy,” as Lynn Struve noted, “was eclipsed by military organizations which originally had developed outside Ming control.”1 As one might suspect, many of these military organizations harbored anti-Ming sentiments. Gao Yingxiang (d. 1636), the godfather of sev- eral of China’s most notorious anti-Ming rebels, was able to channel popular antipathy due to years of economic decline, bureaucratic inepti- tude, and bone-jarring famine toward establishing a sprawling base of anti-Ming resistance in North China. Gao’s uncanny ability to consis- tently outwit his Ming adversaries distinguished him from many of the other small, regional warlords roaming the North China countryside, and his “national” stature attracted both the capable and desperate who hoped to capitalize on Gao’s potential. Two of Gao’s most notable lieu- tenants were Li Zicheng (1605?–45) and Zhang Xianzhong (1605–47). As a postal courier in Shaanxi, Li had proven himself to be a skilled horseman, expert marksman, and leader of men by the time the great famine of 1628 engulfed Shaanxi and forced him to abandon his government job. -
Lesson Plan on the Age of Division: One China Or Many Chinas?
Teacher: Gintaras Valiulis Grade: 7 Subject: World History Lesson Plan on the Age of Division: One China or Many Chinas? Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. Explain the collapse of the Han into the Age of Division 2. Describe the cultural changes during the Age of Division 3. Identify key personalities in politics and art during the Age of Division 4. Describe the process of transformation from a divided China to a united one once more. 5. Locate the important states of the Age of Division on a Map. 6. Identify the multicultural elements of the Age of Division 7. Argue a case for or against the inevitability of a united China from the perspective of the Age of Division. Opening Comments: This lesson plan is presented in the form of a lecture with Socratic segues in points. Because much of the material is not found in 7th grade history books I could not rely on any particular reading assignments and would then present these sections as reading assignments with lecture and explicative support. As this lesson becomes more refined, some of the academic language may disappear but some would remain and become highlighted to help students build a more effective technical vocabulary for history and the social sciences. Much of my assignments in class build note- taking skills and ask students to create their own graphic organizers, illustrations, and such to help the students build more meaning. Several segues could lead to debates depending upon student interest and instructional time. The following is arranged in a series of questions which are explored in the lecture.