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The Heritage of India Series
THE HERITAGE OF INDIA SERIES T The Right Reverend V. S. AZARIAH, t [ of Dornakal. E-J-J j Bishop I J. N. FARQUHAR, M.A., D.Litt. (Oxon.). Already published. The Heart of Buddhism. K. J. SAUNDERS, M.A. Asoka. J. M. MACPHAIL, M.A., M.D. Indian Painting. PRINCIPAL PERCY BROWN, Calcutta. Kanarese Literature, 2nd ed. E. P. RICE, B.A. The Samkhya System. A. BERRIEDALE KEITH, D.C.L., D.Litt. Psalms of Maratha Saints. NICOL MACNICOL, M.A., D.Litt. A History of Hindi Literature. F. E. KEAY, M.A., D.Litt. The Karma-MImamsa. A. BERRIEDALE KEITH, D.C.L., D.Litt. Hymns of the Tamil Saivite Saints. F. KINGSBURY, B.A., and G. E. PHILLIPS, M.A. Rabindranath Tagore. E. J. THOMPSON, B.A., M.C. Hymns from the Rigveda. A. A. MACDONELL, M.A., Ph.D., Hon. LL.D. Gotama Buddha. K. J. SAUNDERS, M.A. Subjects proposed and volumes under Preparation. SANSKRIT AND PALI LITERATURE. Anthology of Mahayana Literature. Selections from the Upanishads. Scenes from the Ramayana. Selections from the Mahabharata. THE PHILOSOPHIES. An Introduction to Hindu Philosophy. J. N FARQUHAR and PRINCIPAL JOHN MCKENZIE, Bombay. The Philosophy of the Upanishads. Sankara's Vedanta. A. K. SHARMA, M.A., Patiala. Ramanuja's Vedanta. The Buddhist System. FINE ART AND MUSIC. Indian Architecture. R. L. EWING, B.A., Madras. Indian Sculpture. Insein, Burma. BIOGRAPHIES OF EMINENT INDIANS. Calcutta. V. SLACK, M.A., Tulsi Das. VERNACULAR LITERATURE. and K. T. PAUL, The Kurral. H. A. POPLBY, B.A., Madras, T> A Calcutta M. of the Alvars. -
The Western Kshatrapa Dāmazāda 173
THE WESTERN KSHATRAPA DĀMAZĀDA 173 The Western Kshatrapa Dāmazāda PANKAJ TANDON1 IN THEIR comprehensive survey of the coinage of the Western Kshatrapas, Jha and Rajgor2 (hereinafter J&R) argue that Rudradāman I had three sons who followed him in ruling their kingdom: J&R name them Dāmajadasri, Dāmaghsada, and Rudrasimha. In this J&R went against the view of Rapson who, in his catalogue of Western Kshatrapa coins in the British Museum,3 had speculated that Dāmajadasri and Dāmaghsada were in fact the same person. Most authors seem to have accepted Jha and Rajgor’s view.4 In this paper, I present new information that strengthens the argument that these ‘two’ rulers were indeed one, and that his name was Dāmazāda. Part of the argument involves a radical new proposal: that we can distinguish different mints for the Western Kshatrapa coinage. This innovation also helps resolve another century-old problem. The crux of the issue revolves around the fact that the name ‘Dāmaghsada’ as it is inscribed on the coins contains an unusual Brāhmī compound letter that is transliterated by most numismatists as ghsa. This letter appears also in the name of Chastana’s father, normally written as Ghsamotika. In the fi rst part of the paper, I argue that these names should be presented differently, as Zamotika and Dāmazāda, to better represent the way they must have been pronounced. The argument has two parts: fi rst, that the compound letter is in fact not ghsa but ysa, and, second, that this compound letter (regardless of whether it was written as ysa or ghsa) was intended to represent the foreign sound za for which Brāhmī had no representation. -
Language and Legend in Early Kushan Coinage: Progression and Transformation Razieh Taasob Princeton University
2018, No. 5 © Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture, University of California, Irvine ISSN: 2470 - 4040 Language and Legend in Early Kushan Coinage: Progression and Transformation Razieh Taasob Princeton University 71 Introdu' ion: arly Kushan coinage displays its aff iliation and syncretism with former coin pra9 ices not only in the Erepresentation of royal and religious imagery, but also in the language, legends and the execution of inscriptions. The Kushans continued the traditional Greek pra9 ices that had already been adopted by the Greco-Ba9 rians, specifically the use of the Greek language on their coinage as seen frequently in Ba9 ria. In conformity with other former traditions, the Kushans also maintained the Indo-Greek prac- tices employed south of the Hindu Kush by using bilingual inscriptions on their coinage. The languages used south of the Hindu Kush were predominantly Greek for the obverse type and PrakritH (wriJ en in Brahmi and Kharoshthi script) for the reverse. The Indo-Greeks introduced the use of the Kharoshthi script for coinage, and it was subsequently applied by the Indo-Scythians and Indo-Parthians in their respe9 ive regions. This script was used in the area of the Indus, Swat, and Kabul valleys and in a wide area of northern India and the surrounding regions. Evidence of this can be seen on the coinage of the H- “The language of Indic inscription”. The Prakrit or middle Indo-Aryan (MIA) language was the only inscriptional language from the third to firQ century BC, which endured as a common language for coinage for more than two centuries. -
The Western Kshatrapas
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society http://journals.cambridge.org/JRA Additional services for Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Art. XIII.—The Western Kshatrapas Pait Bhagvānlāl Indrajī Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society / Volume 22 / Issue 03 / July 1890, pp 639 - 662 DOI: 10.1017/S0035869X00020815, Published online: 15 March 2011 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/ abstract_S0035869X00020815 How to cite this article: Pait Bhagvānlāl Indrajī (1890). Art. XIII.—The Western Kshatrapas. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 22, pp 639-662 doi:10.1017/ S0035869X00020815 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/JRA, IP address: 72.19.68.65 on 01 Apr 2015 IPP #• 25 26 27 COINS OF THE WESTERN KSHATRAPAS. 639 ART. XIII.—The Western Kshatrapas. By PANDIT BHAG- VANLAL INDRAJI, Ph.D., M.R.A.S. Edited by E. J. RAPSON, M.A., M.R.A.S. (British Museum), Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. EDITOR'S PREFACE. ["THIS is my last contribution to Indian archaeology. It contains views which I have arrived at after a careful and continuous study, extending over twenty-six years, of the Kshatrap coins and inscriptions."1 These were among the last words of Pandit Bhagvanlal Indraji, who almost up to the day of his death was engaged in com- pleting the article now published. Hisv death in March, 1888, was a real loss to Indian archaeology. The tributes paid to his memory by Prof. Peterson in the Academy, by Dr. -
A. the Mauryas the Earliest Dynasty to Claim Western India As a Part of Its Empire Was That of the Mauryaus
CHAPTER II Political Background Buddhism has had a history of over one thousand years in Maharashtra. During this long period of Buddhism, certain politi cal powers have played important role in the spread and prosperity of the religion in Western India. The political powers which are mentioned in the inscriptions will be dealt with one by one in a chronological order. A. The Mauryas The earliest dynasty to claim western India as a part of its empire was that of the Mauryaus. The first clear evidence of their rule over the Bombay and Konkan region comes only during the time of Asoka (c. 274-232) , the last ruler of the dynasty. A fragment of his eighth rock edict was found at sopara which may have been one of his district headquarters. Other than this, no Mauryan inscription has yet been found in the western Indian caves. But it is a well-known fact fro© his other edicts that Asoka was not only a royal patron but himself was a devout Buddhist, so, the religion found a very favourable condition for widening its terri tory. As a result, it got rapidly spread in Western India during Asoka's rule and continued to flourish in the same region for over a thousand years. B. The Satavahanas The Mauryan dynasty was succeeded by the satavahana dynasty in the Deccan. This dynasty is the first Known historical dynasty in Maharashtra. From the time the Satavahanas rose to power we begin to obtain political history, administrative system, the religious. 52 53 social and economic conditions of Maharshtra, its art and archi tecture, literature and coinage. -
July-Sept 2015 Pdf.Cdr
CHAPTER II HISTORY OF THE WESTERN KSHATRAPAS Political conditions in India after the close of the Mauryan period became diffuse, involving a variety of rulers, eras and people. Northern India found itself caught up in the turmoil of happenings in Central Asia. With the building of the Great Wall of China, the nomadic tribes whose pastures dried out could not make inroads into China (Thapar 1990: 96; Bagchi 1955:1). The tribes were forced to migrate south and west. Of the three main tribes the Yueh-chih were driven out from the best lands, and had to flee far across the continent. They split themselves into two hoards, the little Yueh-chih and the great Yueh-chih, and wandered further west of the shores of the Aral sea, where they stopped for a while, replacing the inhabitants of the region, the Scythians or Sakas as they were called in the Indian sources (Bagchi 1955:2; Konow 1969:xxvi-xxvii). So Sakas poured into Bactria and Parthia. A Chinese visitor records that in 128 B.C. the land surrounding the Aral sea had been cleared of Scythians, instead he found the Yueh-chih settled there. The Parthians failed to hold back the Sakas who did not pause there but using the Bolan pass (near Quetta), swept down into the Indus valley and settled in Western India. The first Saka king was Maues (c. 80 B.C.) who established Saka power in Gandhara (Thapar 1990: 97;Konow 1969:xxvi-xxix; Bagchi 1955: 123-124). However the Yueh-chih chief Kujula Khadiphises led 31 the united five tribes of the Yueh-chih and led them over the northern mountains into the Indian sxibcontinent. -
Polity and Economy: a Study of the Coinage of the Western Kshatrapas
Polity and Economy: A Study of the Coinage of the Western Kshatrapas Suken Shah1, Abhijit Dandekar1, P. P. Joglekar1 and Pankaj Goyal1 1. Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute, Deemed to be University, Pune – 411 006, Maharashtra, India (Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]) Received: 25 October 2017; Revised: 20 November 2017; Accepted: 08 December 2017 Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 5 (2017): 644‐655 Abstract: Present article is an attempt to understand the economic conditions during the reign of the Western Kshatrapas through their silver coins. A total of 168 coins of 14 different kings were taken into the consideration for the work and their silver content is discussed. Statistical analyses have been done to get quantitative support to the inferences drawn. The paper also investigates fineness of the coins of different Western Kshatrapa rulers, to understand political and economical stability of that particular ruler. Keywords: Polity, Economy, Coinage, Western Kshatrapas, Statistical Analysis, Graphical Representation, Standard Deviation Introduction The Western Ksatrapas, the Ksaharatas as well as the Kardamakas, ruled successively for more than 350 years, from about the beginning of the second half of 1st century CE to the beginning of the 5th century CE (Rajgor 1992: 87‐105) over the region comprising modern states of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. The Kardamakas issued coins with legends bearing the issuer’s name and titles along with that of their fathers/predecessors. The early kings did not mention any dates on their coins. -
Newsletter No. 158 Winter 1998/99 Early 17Th Century Ottoman North Africa
Other News coins and banknotes. The coin auction included a set of gold dinars of the Umayyads comprising 55 coins from AH 78 to AH 132. Johann Gustav Stickel, one of the founders of Islamic Among the Umayyad silver coins were two extremely rare dirhams Numismatics honoured from the mints of Dasht-i-Maysan and Bahurasir. by Stefan Heidemann For further information please contact Sotheby's Press Office Johann Gustav Stickel (1805 - 1896) was one of the founders of by telephone: ++44 171 293 5169; fax: ++44 171 293 5947 or Islamic Numismatics. He received his philological education in Internet: http://www.sothebys.com Jena and Paris. He studied with the venerable orientalist A. The auction held by Sotheby's of New York on 19 December Silvestre de Sacy (1758-1838), who worked in his philological included 30 lots of Islamic coins. The inclusion of such material in studies with papyri and coins as well. Stickel traced his initial the New York sales may become a regular feature. For further interest -
Language and Legend in Early Kushan Coinage: Progression and Transformation 71 Book Reivews 11- Carlo G
Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture www.dabirjournal.org Digital Archive of Brief notes & Iran Review ISSN: 2470-4040 No.5.2018 1 xšnaoθrahe ahurahe mazdå Detail from above the entrance of Tehran’s fire temple, 1286š/1917–18. Photo by © Shervin Farridnejad The Digital Archive of Brief Notes & Iran Review (DABIR) ISSN: 2470-4040 www.dabirjournal.org Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture University of California, Irvine 1st Floor Humanities Gateway Irvine, CA 92697-3370 Editor-in-Chief Touraj Daryaee (University of California, Irvine) Editors Parsa Daneshmand (Oxford University) Arash Zeini (Freie Universität Berlin) Shervin Farridnejad (Freie Universität Berlin) Judith A. Lerner (ISAW NYU) Book Review Editor Shervin Farridnejad (Freie Universität Berlin) Advisory Board Samra Azarnouche (École pratique des hautes études); Dominic P. Brookshaw (Oxford University); Matthew Canepa (University of Minnesota); Ashk Dahlén (Uppsala University); Peyvand Firouzeh (Cambridge University); Leonardo Gregoratti (Durham University); Frantz Grenet (Collège de France); Wouter F.M. Henkelman (École Pratique des Hautes Études); Rasoul Jafarian (Tehran University); Nasir al-Ka‘abi (University of Kufa); Andromache Karanika (UC Irvine); Agnes Korn (CNRS, UMR Mondes Iranien et Indien); Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones (University of Edinburgh); Jason Mokhtarain (University of Indiana); Ali Mousavi (UC Irvine); Mahmoud Omidsalar (CSU Los Angeles); Antonio Panaino (University of Bologna); Alka Patel (UC Irvine); Richard Payne (University of Chicago); Khodadad Rezakhani (History, UCLA); Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis (British Museum); M. Rahim Shayegan (UCLA); Rolf Strootman (Utrecht University); Giusto Traina (University of Paris-Sorbonne); Mohsen Zakeri (University of Göttingen) Logo design by Charles Li Layout and typesetting by Kourosh Beighpour Contents Notes 1- Hamid Bikas Shourkaei: La satrapie de Phrygie hellespontique (Daskyleion): des origines 1 à la chute de l’Empire perse achéménide 2- Stanley M. -
A Silk Road Hero: King Chashtana
ACTA VIA SERICA Vol. 3, No. 2, December 2018: 91–106 doi:10.22679/avs.2018.3.2.005 A Silk Road Hero: King Chashtana MURAT ELMALI During the Old Uighur period, many works were translated into Old Uighur under the influence of Buddhism. Among these works, literary works such as Daśakarmapathāvadānamālā hold an important place. These works were usually translated from Pali to Sanskrit, from Sanskrit to Sogdian, Tocharian and Chinese, and to Old Uighur from these languages. These works which were added to the Old Uighur repertoire by translation indicate that different peoples along the ancient Silk Road had deep linguistic interactions with one another. Aside from these works, other narratives that we have been so far unable to determine whether they were translations, adaptations or original works have also been discovered. The Tale of King Chashtana, which was found in the work titled Daśakarmapathāvadānamālā, is one of the tales we have been unable to classify as a translation or an original work. This tale has never been discovered with this title or this content in the languages of any of the peoples that were exposed to Buddhism along the Silk Road. On the other hand, the person whom the protagonist of this tale was named after has a very important place in the history of India, one of the countries that the Silk Road goes through. Saka Mahakshatrapa Chashtana (or Cashtana), a contemporary of Nahapana, declared himself king in Gujarat. A short time later, Chashtana, having invaded Ujjain and Maharashtra, established a powerful Saka kingdom in the west of India. -
The Early History of India, from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest, Including the Invasion of Alexander the Great
flit, , Mi^m k ', ^ DS L\-5I SL>lo Ctotuell Haiumttg Jibtarg BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FU^^D THE GIFT OF lienrg m. Sage 1891 A.iS"3?3^.. ^qlido-^. Cornell University Library DS 451.S66 The early history of India from 600 B.C 3 1924 024 065 645 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924024065645 ROCK-CUT ELEPHANT ABOVE THE ASOKA INSCRIPTION AT DHAULI, ORISSA THE EARLY HISTORY OF INDIA FROM 600 B.C. TO THE MUHAMMADAN CONQUEST INCLUDING THE INVASION OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT BY VINCENT A. SMITH M.A. (dUBI..); M.R.A.a., F.R.N. 3., LATE OF THE IKDIAN CIVIL SERVICE; AUTHOR OF 'ASOKA, THE BUDDHIST EMPEROR OF INDIA,' ETC. ' EDITOR OF SLEEMAN's ' RAMBLES AND RECOLLECTIONS OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1904 P\.lS^^cO HENRY FROWDE, M.A. PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFOIID LONDON, EDINBURGH NEW YORK PREFACE The plan and limitations of this book have been explained so fully in the Introduction that little more need be said by way of preface. The room for difference of opinion on many of the subjects treated is so great that I cannot expect my views on controverted points to meet with universal acceptance ; and the complexity of my undertaking forbids me to hope that positive errors, justly open to censure, have been avoided altogether ; but 1 trust that critics will be prepared to concede the amount of indulgence which may be granted legi- timately to the work of a pioneer. -
Journal Royal Ascatic Society
JOURNAL OF THE BOMBAY BRANCH OF THE ROYAL ASCATIC SOCIETY. No. XXV. VoL. IX. ART. I.-On Recent .Additiona to our Kfl,()tl}ledge of the Ancient Dynaatica of Western India. Dy tho Honourable Mr. Justice NEWTON, President of the Society. Bead 9th July 1868. I BAvz been for aome time deferring a review of our present knowledge of the line of sovereigns by which the northern portions of this Presidency were once connected with Parthia and Bactria, and through them with Greece, in order that I might be able to bring down our information to the latest date, and to record all recent additions that have been made to the evidence available for the diaclllllion of the subject. I must not any longer delay to do this, and the time is a suitable one, 88 the in terval which hu elapsed since I lut read a paper before the Society on the ancient dynutiea of K'thlawu and Gujarat bu been fruitful in discoveries of the highest interest. The anticipations in which I indulged when reading that paper, that further explorations in those provinces would be rewarded by substantial additions to our materials for tracing upwards to one of the Greek monarchies the dynasty of the Sahs, have Leen already fulfilled, and fulfilled in such n way as to justify confident •'1tpectation of other valuable results. I r a a . 2 ON RECENT ADDITIONS TO OUR KNOWLEDGE 01' The Society is indebted to our accomplished and indefatigable associate Mr. BMU. Daj{ for a paper subsequently i:ead respecting a pillar inscription at Jasdan, in K8~hiawar, brought to light through his exertions ; and having thus ascertained that the S8h kings availed them selves of this mode of recording their exploits, we may now hope to hear of other inscribed pillars within the imperfectly examined territories once embraced in Saurashtran rule.