1 Component-I (A) – Personal Details
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The Heritage of India Series
THE HERITAGE OF INDIA SERIES T The Right Reverend V. S. AZARIAH, t [ of Dornakal. E-J-J j Bishop I J. N. FARQUHAR, M.A., D.Litt. (Oxon.). Already published. The Heart of Buddhism. K. J. SAUNDERS, M.A. Asoka. J. M. MACPHAIL, M.A., M.D. Indian Painting. PRINCIPAL PERCY BROWN, Calcutta. Kanarese Literature, 2nd ed. E. P. RICE, B.A. The Samkhya System. A. BERRIEDALE KEITH, D.C.L., D.Litt. Psalms of Maratha Saints. NICOL MACNICOL, M.A., D.Litt. A History of Hindi Literature. F. E. KEAY, M.A., D.Litt. The Karma-MImamsa. A. BERRIEDALE KEITH, D.C.L., D.Litt. Hymns of the Tamil Saivite Saints. F. KINGSBURY, B.A., and G. E. PHILLIPS, M.A. Rabindranath Tagore. E. J. THOMPSON, B.A., M.C. Hymns from the Rigveda. A. A. MACDONELL, M.A., Ph.D., Hon. LL.D. Gotama Buddha. K. J. SAUNDERS, M.A. Subjects proposed and volumes under Preparation. SANSKRIT AND PALI LITERATURE. Anthology of Mahayana Literature. Selections from the Upanishads. Scenes from the Ramayana. Selections from the Mahabharata. THE PHILOSOPHIES. An Introduction to Hindu Philosophy. J. N FARQUHAR and PRINCIPAL JOHN MCKENZIE, Bombay. The Philosophy of the Upanishads. Sankara's Vedanta. A. K. SHARMA, M.A., Patiala. Ramanuja's Vedanta. The Buddhist System. FINE ART AND MUSIC. Indian Architecture. R. L. EWING, B.A., Madras. Indian Sculpture. Insein, Burma. BIOGRAPHIES OF EMINENT INDIANS. Calcutta. V. SLACK, M.A., Tulsi Das. VERNACULAR LITERATURE. and K. T. PAUL, The Kurral. H. A. POPLBY, B.A., Madras, T> A Calcutta M. of the Alvars. -
Shunga Dynasty
UPSC Civil Services Examination UPSC Notes [GS-I] Topic: Era of the Kanva Dynasty - NCERT Notes (Ancient Indian History for UPSC) Kanva dynasty had a Brahmanic origin. The dynasty was named after the gotra of the ruler Kanva. The Kanva dynasty was founded by Vasudeva Kanva. It is believed that Vasudeva Kanva killed the Shunga ruler Devabhuti and established his own empire in 72 BCE. Kanva dynasty had a ruling phase from 72 BCE to 28 BCE. The chronology of Shunga, Kanva dynasty and Satvahana dynasty is given below: Shunga dynasty Kanva dynasty Satvahana dynasty This article throws light on the emergence of Kanva dynasty from the Shunga dynasty and other important aspects of the events that took place during the rule of the Kanva dynasty. This is an important topic for UPSC 2020 exam and other government exams. Shunga dynasty The Shunga dynasty formed a large part of Magadha and was founded by Pushyamitra Shunga after the fall of the Mauryan Empire. There were 10 rulers who ruled India during the ancient period. Major cultural reforms took place during the reign which is evident from the coins and inscriptions retrieved by archaeologists. An interesting thing to note about the Sunga dynasty was the emergence of various mixed castes and the integration of foreigners into Indian society. The language of Sanskrit gained more prominence during the rule of the Shunga kings. Even some Buddhist works of this time were composed in Sanskrit. The major rulers of the Shunga dynasty were – Pushyamitra Sunga, Agnimitra, Bhagabhadra, Devabhuti, etc. To know more about the Shunga dynasty, check the linked article. -
Mitrasamprapthi Preliminary
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Component-I (A) – Personal Details
Component-I (A) – Personal details: Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Mahajanapadas- Rise of Magadha – Nandas – Invasion of Alexander Module Id I C/ OIH/ 08 Pre requisites Early History of India Objectives To study the Political institutions of Ancient India from earliest to 3rd Century BCE. Mahajanapadas , Rise of Magadha under the Haryanka, Sisunaga Dynasties, Nanda Dynasty, Persian Invasions, Alexander’s Invasion of India and its Effects Keywords Janapadas, Magadha, Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda, Alexander E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Sources Political and cultural history of the period from C 600 to 300 BCE is known for the first time by a possibility of comparing evidence from different kinds of literary sources. Buddhist and Jaina texts form an authentic source of the political history of ancient India. The first four books of Sutta pitaka -- the Digha, Majjhima, Samyutta and Anguttara nikayas -- and the entire Vinaya pitaka were composed between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Sutta nipata also belongs to this period. The Jaina texts Bhagavati sutra and Parisisthaparvan represent the tradition that can be used as historical source material for this period. The Puranas also provide useful information on dynastic history. A comparison of Buddhist, Puranic and Jaina texts on the details of dynastic history reveals more disagreement. This may be due to the fact that they were compiled at different times. Apart from indigenous literary sources, there are number of Greek and Latin narratives of Alexander’s military achievements. They describe the political situation prevailing in northwest on the eve of Alexander’s invasion. -
06 Chapter 2.Pdf
Solapur Under the Pre-Satvahana & Satvahana Period CHAPTER II SOI/A PI IR UNDER THE PRE-SATA VA1IANA AND SATAVAII AN A PERIOD No archaeological excavation has yet been undertaken anywhere in the Solapur district. So we have no definite knowledge of the pre-historical and post-historical periods of Solapur history. But the excavations carried out1 by Archaeological Department of the State Government, Deccan College Research Institute of Pune,2 at Jorwe and Nevasa in the adjoining district of Ahmednagar, provides much information about these periods which will be equally true in respect of the Solapur district .3 The tools and weapons such as cleavers and flakes are found at the foothills of Konkan and on the river banks of Godavari, Pravara, Bhima, Mula and Tapi, which has proved the existence of man during Paleolithic period in these regions. All these rivers then flowed in comparatively wider and higher bed. The climate was initially hotter than today, it gradually became more dry. In the gravels of the Godavari, Pravara, Tapi, and its tributaries explorer have received the tools which would prove that the first appearance of man in Maharashtra was not earlier than the middle Paleolithic period (25000 B.C.) (Sankalia 1946, 1982, 1956, Joshi 1955, Todd 1939, and IAD 1956-59). We have no idea how this man looked and from where he came. The only artifacts which have survived are his stone tools. However since highly mineralized bones and wood have been discovered from the Deccan, it is possible that in future skeletal remains of man will be found. -
Naneghat Inscription from the Perspective of the Vedic Rituals
Multi-Disciplinary Journal ISSN No- 2581-9879 (Online), 0076-2571 (Print) www.mahratta.org, [email protected] Naneghat Inscription from the Perspective of the Vedic Rituals Ambarish Khare Assistant Professor, SBL Centre of Sanskrit and Indological Studies Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth [email protected] Abstract A cave at Naneghat contains a long inscription stating the details of a number of Vedic sacrifices performed by the ruler of the Satavahana dynasty. It throws light on the religious and social history of ancient Maharashtra. The present paper is in attempt to study the inscription from the perspective of the Vedic rituals and to note some interesting facts that come before us. Key-words: Naneghat, Satavahana, Inscription, Vedic Ritual, Shobhana Gokhale, Ashvamedha Introduction Naneghat is one of the ancient trade routes in western India, joining the coastal region to the hinterland. It is situated 34 km to the west of Junnar. Junnar is a taluka place in the district of Pune, Maharahtra. There are several groups of Buddhist caves situated around Junnar. But the cave under consideration, which is situated right in the beginning of Naneghat trade route, is not a religious monument. It houses the royal inscriptions of Satavahanas and mentions several deities and rituals that are important in the Vedic religion. They are written in Brahmi script and in Prakrit language. A long inscription occupies the left and right walls of the cave. It is a generally accepted fact that this inscription was written by Naganika, the most celebrated empress of the Satavahana dynasty. It records the performance of sacrifices and donations given by the royal couple, Siri Satakarni and Naganika. -
Kanvas (73 BC – 28 BC) Cheti Dynasty (Kalinga) Satavahanas
Kanvas (73 BC – 28 BC) As per the puranas, there were four kings of the Kanva dynasty namely, Vasudeva, Bhumimitra, Narayana and Susarman. The Kanvas were Brahmins. The Magadha Empire had diminished by this time considerably. Northwest region was under the Greeks and parts of the Gangetic plains were under different rulers. The last Kanva king Susarman was killed by the Satavahana (Andhra) king. Cheti Dynasty (Kalinga) The Cheti or Chedi dynasty emerged in Kalinga in the 1st century BC. The Hathigumpha inscription situated near Bhubaneswar gives information about it. This inscription was engraved by king Kharavela who was the third Cheti king. Kharavela was a follower of Jainism. Other names of this dynasty are Cheta or Chetavamsa, and Mahameghavahana. Satavahanas The Satavahana rule is believed to have started around the third century BC, in 235 BC and lasted until the second century AD. Some experts believe their rule started in the first century BC only. They are referred to as Andhras in the Puranas. The Satavahana kingdom chiefly comprised of modern-day Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Maharashtra. At times, their rule also included parts of Karnataka, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. Their capital cities varied at different times. Pratishthana (Paithan) and Amaravati were its capitals. Simuka founded the dynasty. They were the first native Indian rulers to issue their own coins with the portraits of the rulers. This practice was started by Gautamiputra Satakarni who derived the practice from the Western Satraps after defeating them. The coin legends were in Prakrit language. Some reverse coin legends are in Telugu, Tamil and Kannada. -
Early Career and Different Achievements of Asoka
International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 7 Issue 9, September 2017, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A Early career and different achievements of Asoka Manoj Malakar* Abstract Asoka was the greatest emperor in Mauriyan dynesty. He was a great patronage of Buddhism and art and architecture. This paper tries to high light about the early life and career of the great Mauryan emperor Asoka. There was lot of great emperor in Indian history, who wrote their name in golden letter in history and Asoka also one of among these rulers. Some different prominent writer had analysis about Asoka’s life and career. This paper tries to analyses how he (Asoka) began his career and got achievements during his region. This paper also tries to highlight Asoka’s Dhamma and his patronage of art and architecture during his region. This paper also tries to discuss Asoka’s patronage of Buddhism. He sent his own son and girl to Sri Lanka to spread Buddhism. Keywords: Career, Buddha Dhamma, Art and Architecture, Inscription. * Assistant Teacher & Faculty K.K.H.S.O.U. (Malaybari junior college study centre). 624 International Journal of Research in Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Introduction Asoka was one of the greatest kings of India. -
SUNGA and KANVA DYNASTY Sunga Empire (187 to 78 BCE)
SUNGA AND KANVA DYNASTY Sunga Empire (187 to 78 BCE) Pushyamitra Sunga (187–151 BCE): The dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Sunga, after the fall of the Maurya Empire (when the emperor Brihadratha, the last of the Mauryan rulers, was assassinated by the then Senapati of the Mauryan armed forces, Pushyamitra Sunga). Its capital was Pataliputra, but later emperors such as Bhagabhadra also held court at Besnagar, modern Vidisha in Eastern Malwa. The empire of Pushyamitra was extended up to Narmada in the south, and controlled Jalandhar and Sialkot in the Punjab in the north-western regions, and the city of Ujjain in central India. The Kabul Valley and much of the Punjab passed into the hands of the Indo-Greeks and the Deccan to the Satavahanas. Origin Patanjali in his Mahabhashya and Panini in his Ashtadhyayi clearly states Pushyamitra Sunga was a Brahmin from Bhardwaj Gotra. The meaning of “Sunga” is the fig tree in Sanskrit. So Sungas took their dynastic name from the fig tree. (Other example of Indian dynasties like Kadamba (a tree name) of Banavasi, Pallava(Sanskrit word for “branch and twig”) of Kanchi who took their dynastic name from tree.) Prosecution of Buddhists? It believed by some historians to have persecuted Buddhists and contributed to a resurgence of Brahmanism that forced Buddhism outwards to Kashmir, Gandhara and Bactria. The earliest reference to persecution of Buddhists by Pushyamitra Sunga is from the Sarvastivadin Buddhist text of 2nd Century CE, Divyavadana and its constituent part, the Ashokavadana.Tibetan Buddhist Historian Taranatha also mentions proscution. Pushyamitra Sunga might have withdrawn royal patronage of Buddhist institutions. -
POST MAURYAN EMPIRE Introduction
Chapter 7: POST MAURYAN EMPIRE Introduction After the death of Ashoka, his successors were not able to keep the vast Mauryan Empire intact. The provinces started declaring their independence. The northwest India slipped out of the control of the Mauryas and a series of foreign invasions affected this region. Kalinga declared its independence and in the further south the Satavahanas established their independent rule. As a result, the Mauryan rule was confined to the Gangetic valley and it was soon replaced by the Sunga dynasty. Chapter 7: POST MAURYAN EMPIRE Shunga Dynasty Chapter 7: POST MAURYAN EMPIRE Shunga Dynasty The founder of the Shunga dynasty was Pushyamitra Shunga, who was the commander- in-chief under the Mauryas. He assassinated the last Mauryan ruler Brihadratha and usurped the throne. The most important challenge to the Shunga rule was to protect North India against the invasions of the Bactrian Greeks from the northwest. The Greeks advanced up to Pataliputra and occupied it for sometime. However, Pushyamitra succeeded in regaining the lost territory. He also fought a campaign against Kharavela of Kalinga who invaded north India. Chapter 7: POST MAURYAN EMPIRE Shunga Dynasty The founder of the Shunga dynasty was Pushyamitra Shunga, who was the commander- in-chief under the Mauryas. He assassinated the last Mauryan ruler Brihadratha and usurped the throne. The most important challenge to the Shunga rule was to protect North India against the invasions of the Bactrian Greeks from the northwest. The Greeks advanced up to Pataliputra and occupied it for sometime. However, Pushyamitra succeeded in regaining the lost territory. -
Türkġye Cumhurġyetġ Ankara Ünġversġtesġ Sosyal Bġlġmler Enstġtüsü Doğu Dġllerġ Ve Edebġyatlari Anabġlġmdali
TÜRKĠYE CUMHURĠYETĠ ANKARA ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ DOĞU DĠLLERĠ VE EDEBĠYATLARI ANABĠLĠMDALI HĠNDOLOJĠ BĠLĠM DALI HĠNT SĠNEMASININ EDEBĠ KAYNAKLARI: KATHĀSARĠTSĀGARA ÖRNEĞĠ Yüksek Lisans Tezi Hatice Ġlay Karaoğlu ANKARA-2019 TÜRKĠYE CUMHURĠYETĠ ANKARA ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ DOĞU DĠLLERĠ VE EDEBĠYATLARI ANABĠLĠMDALI HĠNDOLOJĠ BĠLĠM DALI HĠNT SĠNEMASININ EDEBĠ KAYNAKLARI: KATHĀSARĠTSĀGARA ÖRNEĞĠ Yüksek Lisans Tezi Hazırlayan Hatice Ġlay Karaoğlu Tez DanıĢmanı Prof. Dr. Korhan Kaya ANKARA-2019 TÜRKĠYE CUMHURĠYETĠ ANKARA ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ DOĞU DĠLLERĠ VE EDEBĠYATLARI ANABĠLĠMDALI HĠNDOLOJĠ BĠLĠM DALI HĠNT SĠNEMASININ EDEBĠ KAYNAKLARI: KATHĀSARĠTSĀGARA ÖRNEĞĠ Yüksek Lisans Tezi Tez DanıĢmanı: Prof. Dr. Korhan Kaya Tez Jüri Üyerileri: Adı Soyadı Ġmzası ………………………… ..…………………………. …………………………. …………………………… …………………………. …………………………… …………………………. ……………………………. …………………………. ……………………………. Tez Sınav Tarihi………………… TÜRKĠYE CUMHURĠYETĠ ANKARA ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE Bu belge ile bu tezdeki bütün bilgilerin akademik kurallara ve etik davranıĢ ilkelerine uygun olarak toplanıp sunulduğunu beyan ederim. Bu kural ve ilkelerin gereği olarak, çalıĢmada bana ait olmayan tüm veri, düĢünce ve sonuçları andığımı ve kaynağını gösterdiğimi ayrıca beyan ederim. (24/06/2019) Tezi Hazırlayan Öğrencinin Adı ve Soyadı Hatice Ġlay Karaoğlu Ġmzası ÖNSÖZ Bir sinema filmi, yazılı bir eserin konusundan yararlanabildiği gibi konunun eserdeki sunumundan da yararlanabilmektedir. Burada bahsi geçen sunum, hikâyenin -
Iasbaba's 60 Days Plan – Day 34 (History)
IASbaba’s 60 Days Plan – Day 34 (History) 2018 Q.1) Consider the following statements about Indus Valley Civilization (IVC)? 1. IVC people worshipped Mother Goddess but no temples were found. 2. There was no social stratification. 3. Trade was a major activity at the Indus Valley and they were the first to use lapis lazuli as a form of currency. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 1 and 3 only d) All the above Q.1) Solution (a) The Harappans worshipped gods and goddesses in male and female forms with evolved rituals and ceremonies. They worshipped Mother Goddess, but no temples were found. Social stratification was there in Harappan Civilization, which is evident from the Citadel and lower city which were occupied by ruling class and common people respectively. Trade was a major activity at the Indus Valley. Lapis lazuli not used as currency, trade was carried through Barter System. Weights were made of limestone and were generally cubical in 16, 64 denominations. Do you know? Harappan ruins were discovered by Marshall, Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni and Madho Sarup Vats. Mohenjodaro ruins were excavated for the first time by R.D. Banerjee, E. J. H. MacKay and Marshall. THINK! Religious beliefs of IVC Q.2) Consider the following pairs. Vedic literature Deals with 1. Brahmanas Sacrifices and rituals 2. Aryankas They deal with mysticism and symbolism. 3. Upanishads Explain the hymns of the Vedas Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched? 1 IASbaba’s 60 Days Plan – Day 34 (History) 2018 a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 1 and 3 only d) None Q.2) Solution (b) The term 'Vedic literature' simply means literature based on or derived from the Vedas.