Türkġye Cumhurġyetġ Ankara Ünġversġtesġ Sosyal Bġlġmler Enstġtüsü Doğu Dġllerġ Ve Edebġyatlari Anabġlġmdali

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Türkġye Cumhurġyetġ Ankara Ünġversġtesġ Sosyal Bġlġmler Enstġtüsü Doğu Dġllerġ Ve Edebġyatlari Anabġlġmdali TÜRKĠYE CUMHURĠYETĠ ANKARA ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ DOĞU DĠLLERĠ VE EDEBĠYATLARI ANABĠLĠMDALI HĠNDOLOJĠ BĠLĠM DALI HĠNT SĠNEMASININ EDEBĠ KAYNAKLARI: KATHĀSARĠTSĀGARA ÖRNEĞĠ Yüksek Lisans Tezi Hatice Ġlay Karaoğlu ANKARA-2019 TÜRKĠYE CUMHURĠYETĠ ANKARA ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ DOĞU DĠLLERĠ VE EDEBĠYATLARI ANABĠLĠMDALI HĠNDOLOJĠ BĠLĠM DALI HĠNT SĠNEMASININ EDEBĠ KAYNAKLARI: KATHĀSARĠTSĀGARA ÖRNEĞĠ Yüksek Lisans Tezi Hazırlayan Hatice Ġlay Karaoğlu Tez DanıĢmanı Prof. Dr. Korhan Kaya ANKARA-2019 TÜRKĠYE CUMHURĠYETĠ ANKARA ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ DOĞU DĠLLERĠ VE EDEBĠYATLARI ANABĠLĠMDALI HĠNDOLOJĠ BĠLĠM DALI HĠNT SĠNEMASININ EDEBĠ KAYNAKLARI: KATHĀSARĠTSĀGARA ÖRNEĞĠ Yüksek Lisans Tezi Tez DanıĢmanı: Prof. Dr. Korhan Kaya Tez Jüri Üyerileri: Adı Soyadı Ġmzası ………………………… ..…………………………. …………………………. …………………………… …………………………. …………………………… …………………………. ……………………………. …………………………. ……………………………. Tez Sınav Tarihi………………… TÜRKĠYE CUMHURĠYETĠ ANKARA ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE Bu belge ile bu tezdeki bütün bilgilerin akademik kurallara ve etik davranıĢ ilkelerine uygun olarak toplanıp sunulduğunu beyan ederim. Bu kural ve ilkelerin gereği olarak, çalıĢmada bana ait olmayan tüm veri, düĢünce ve sonuçları andığımı ve kaynağını gösterdiğimi ayrıca beyan ederim. (24/06/2019) Tezi Hazırlayan Öğrencinin Adı ve Soyadı Hatice Ġlay Karaoğlu Ġmzası ÖNSÖZ Bir sinema filmi, yazılı bir eserin konusundan yararlanabildiği gibi konunun eserdeki sunumundan da yararlanabilmektedir. Burada bahsi geçen sunum, hikâyenin eserdeki aktarım biçimi anlamına gelmektedir. Her bir hikâye ya da senaryo birbirinden farklı olsa da bu eserlerde belli baĢlı benzerliklere rastlamak mümkündür. Bu nedenle sinema sanatının en büyük yardımcısı çoğu zaman edebiyat olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Hint sineması da baĢta destanlar olmak üzere; masallar, hikâyeler gibi birçok edebi eserden yararlanmaktadır. Hint sinemasında edebi kaynaklı motifler hakkında batılı araĢtırmacılar tarafından birçok çalıĢma yapılmasına rağmen Türkiye‟de bu alana dair bir çalıĢmanın bulunmaması, bu çalıĢmanın bahsi geçen konu üzerinde yapılmasına sebep olmuĢtur. Ancak Hint edebiyatının zenginliği ve Hint sinemasının çeĢitlilik arz etmesi nedeniyle çalıĢmanın, Hint edebiyatının önemli masal kitaplarından Kathāsaritsāgara‟da öne çıkan dört ana motif ve bu motifler doğrultusunda seçilen yirmi film ile sınırlandırılması uygun görülmüĢtür. Hint sineması ile ilgili herhangi bir Türkçe kaynak bulunmaması sebebiyle araĢtırmada Ġngilizce kitaplar ve makalelerden faydalanılmıĢtır. Ayrıca çalıĢmada, Korhan Kaya‟nın Türkçeye çevirmiĢ olduğu birçok eserden ve özellikle Kathāsaritsāgara‟dan yararlanılmıĢtır. Bu çalıĢmada, Hint edebiyatının önemli eserlerinden olan Kathāsaritsāgara temel alınmıĢ, Hint sinemasının en çok baĢvurulan motifleri ve onların film ve edebiyattaki sunumlarına yer verilmiĢtir. ÇalıĢma; giriĢ, iki ana bölüm ve sonuç kısmından oluĢmaktadır. GiriĢ bölümünde genel anlamıyla Hint sinemasının doğuĢunda büyük payı olan Hint tiyatrosuna değinilmiĢtir. Birinci bölümde Hint sinema tarihi ve Hint sinemasının özellikleri hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra, araĢtırmanın ana konusu olan Hint sinemasının edebi kaynakları ele alınmıĢtır. Ġkinci bölümde esas kaynak olarak belirlenen Kathāsaritsāgara‟daki masallarla motif açısından benzerlik gösteren fimler detaylı bir Ģekilde incelenmiĢtir. Sonuç kısmında ise ana hatları ile Hint edebiyatının Hint sineması için önemi açıklanmıĢtır. ÇalıĢma boyunca desteklerini esirgemeyen sevgili arkadaĢım Beyza Aybike DEVECĠ‟ye; beni evinde ağırlayan Emine TOPRAK‟a; Ģarkılarıyla beni neĢelendiren Ġbrahim TATLISES‟e en içten Ģükranlarımı sunarım. ÇalıĢmanın her aĢaması ile yakından ilgilenen, görüĢleriyle ufkumu geniĢleten danıĢman hocam Prof. Dr. Korhan KAYA‟ya teĢekkür ederim. Hatice Ġlay Karaoğlu Ankara-2019 ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER .......................................................................................................................... i TABLOLAR LĠSTESĠ ............................................................................................................ iii RESĠMLER LĠSTESĠ ............................................................................................................. iii GĠRĠġ ......................................................................................................................................... 1 I. BÖLÜM HĠNT SĠNEMASI VE EDEBĠ KAYNAKLARI 1.1. HĠNT SĠNEMASI TARĠHĠ ................................................................................... 5 1.1.1. Sessiz filmler (1910'lar-1920'ler) .................................................................... 6 1.1.2. Sesli Yapımlar (1930'lar-1940'lar) .................................................................. 7 1.1.3. Altın Çağ (1940'lar - 1960'lar) ........................................................................ 9 1.1.4. ÇağdaĢ Hint Sineması (1970'lerden bugüne) ................................................ 11 1.1.5. Yeni Bollywood ............................................................................................ 12 1.2. HĠNT SĠNEMASININ ÖZELLĠKLERĠ .............................................................. 14 1.2.1 Tema ve Karakterler ....................................................................................... 14 1.2.2. Müzik ve Dans .............................................................................................. 16 1.2.3. Kostüm ve Makyaj ........................................................................................ 19 1.3. HĠNT SĠNEMASININ EDEBĠ KAYNAKLARI ................................................ 20 1.3.1. Masallar ......................................................................................................... 21 1.3.1.1. Pañçatantra.............................................................................................. 22 1.3.1.2. HitopadeĢa .............................................................................................. 23 1.3.1.3. VetālapañçavimĢati ................................................................................. 24 1.3.1.4. ġukasaptati .............................................................................................. 24 1.3.2. Destanlar........................................................................................................ 25 1.3.2.1. Mahābhārata ........................................................................................... 26 1.3.2.2. HarivaṃĢa ............................................................................................... 26 1.3.2.3. Rāmāyaṇa ............................................................................................... 27 1.3.3. Purāṇalar........................................................................................................ 28 1.4. KATHĀSARĠTSĀGARA‟DA YER ALAN EDEBĠ MOTĠFLER ..................... 30 1.4.1. Kathāsaritsāgara ............................................................................................ 30 1.4.1.1. Gerçeklik Motifi ..................................................................................... 31 1.4.1.2. Bir BaĢkasının Bedenine Girme/ Yeniden Bedenlenme Motifi ............. 36 i 1.4.1.3. AĢktan/ AĢk Ġçin Ölme Motifi ................................................................ 37 1.4.1.4. Kendini Feda Etme Motifi ...................................................................... 41 II. BÖLÜM HĠNT FĠLMLERĠNDE MOTĠF ÇÖZÜMLEMESĠ: KATHĀSARĠTSĀGARA ÖRNEĞĠ 2.1. GERÇEKLĠK MOTĠFĠ ........................................................................................ 46 2.1.1. Chak De India................................................................................................ 47 2.1.2. Devdas ........................................................................................................... 49 2.1.3. My Name Is Khan ......................................................................................... 51 2.1.4. Fire ................................................................................................................ 54 2.1.5. Heaven on Earth ............................................................................................ 57 2.2. BĠR BAġKASININ BEDENĠNE GĠRME / YENĠDEN BEDENLENME MOTĠFĠ .................................................................................................................................... 60 2.2.1. Om Shanti Om ............................................................................................... 61 2.2.2. Paheli ............................................................................................................. 63 2.2.3. Bhool Bhulaiyaa ............................................................................................ 65 2.2.4. Eega ............................................................................................................... 67 2.2.5. Talaash: The Answer Lies Within ................................................................. 69 2.3. AġKTAN/ AġK ĠÇĠN ÖLME MOTĠFĠ ............................................................... 70 2.3.1. Devdas ........................................................................................................... 71 2.3.2. Mohabbatein .................................................................................................. 72 2.3.3. Aashiqui 2 ..................................................................................................... 75 2.3.4. Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela .................................................................
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