GE Lighting 2 Rövid Történet – a Short History Az Izzólámpa Születése the Birth of Incandescent Lamp

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GE Lighting 2 Rövid Történet – a Short History Az Izzólámpa Születése the Birth of Incandescent Lamp g GE Lighting 2 Rövid történet – A Short History Az izzólámpa születése The Birth of Incandescent Lamp Az elektromos áram világítási célú Between 1809 and 1878, many felhasználásával 1809 és 1878 között scientists experimented on using of sokan kísérleteztek. A General Electric electricity for lighting. In 1879, Thomas késôbbi alapítójának, Thomas Alva Alva Edison, later founder of General Edisonnak végül 1879-ben sikerült Electric, succeeded to make such a thin bambuszrostokból olyan vékony carbon filament from bamboo which, szénszálat elôállítania, amely heated by electric current in vacuum, vákuumban elektromos árammal izzítva could produce light suitable for már világításra alkalmas fényt adott. illuminating purposes. Az alig 1-2 %-nyi fényhasznosítású elsô From the first carbon filament szénszálas izzólámpától hosszú volt az incandescent lamp with a luminous út napjaink energiatakarékos kompakt efficacy of only 1-2%, there was a long fénycsövéig, de nem kis büszkeséggel way to the energy saving compact fedezhetünk fel "tungsramos" fluorescent lamp of our days and we mérföldköveket is az úton. can proudly discover several Tungsram's mile-stones on it. Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) 1879. október 21-én Edison izzólámpája kiállja a próbát a Menlo Park-i laboratóriumban elvégzett 40-órás élettartam- vizsgálaton. Edison’s incandescent lamp withstands a life test of 40 hours in Menlo Park on 21 October, 1879. 2 A kezdetek The Beginning A Tungsram eredete az 1862-ben The story of Tungsram can be tracked Bécsben alapított Egger B. és Tsa. back to the former company, Egger B. elôdvállalatig nyúlik vissza. A cég és Tsa., which was established in eleinte fôleg telefon- és távíróberende- Vienna in 1862. Originally the zéseket gyártott, termékprofilja company mainly produced telephone azonban néhány évvel Edison nevezetes and telegraph sets, however, its találmányának bejelentése után már product profile featured carbon kiegészült a szénszálas izzólámpákkal. filament lamps just a few years after the announcement of the celebrated Eggerék 1896-ban alakultak Budapesten invention by Edison. részvénytársasággá. Ezt a dátumot tekintjük a Tungsram alapítási évének. Egger was transformed into a joint stock company in Budapest in 1896, A Tungsram néhány év múlva Just and this is really the date which we Sándor és Hanaman Ferenc találmánya regard as the year Tungsram was alapján – elsôként a világon – founded. hozzáláthatott a sokkal nagyobb fényhasznosítású és hosszabb A few years later, on the basis of an élettartamú volfrámszálas izzólámpák invention by Sándor Just and Ferenc gyártásához is. Hanaman, Tungsram was the first company in the world to produce tungsten filament lamps offering a much higher luminous efficacy and longer life. Ez a levélpapír-fejléc a gyártelep századeleji képét mutatja. Lényeges változásokat csak a harmincas évek nagy rekonstrukciói hoztak. This letter-head shows the factory as it looked like at the beginning of the century. Significant alterations were only made in the 1930s. 3 A volfrámszálas izzólámpa The Tungsten Filament Incandescent Lamp Just Sándor és Hanaman Ferenc In Just and Hanaman's tungsten volfrámszálas izzólámpájukba filament incandescent lamp, the carbon volfrámszuszpenziót vittek fel a filament was covered with a tungsten szénszálra, majd ez utóbbit – miután a suspension. Once the tungsten adapted volfrám felvette a szénszál alakját – to the shape of the filament, the hevítéssel eltávolították. Ezt a carbon content was removed by megoldást késôbb William D. Coolidge heating. This procedure was later porkohászati és húzási mûveletekre replaced by William D. Coolidge's épülô eljárása váltotta fel. method based on metallurgical and drawing processes. Dr. Just Sándor és Hanaman Ferenc 1904. december 13-i keltezésû szabadalma, amely volfrámnak vagy molibdénnek izzószálként történô felhasználására vonatkozik. Dr. Sándor Just and Ferenc Hanaman’s patent granted on 13 December, 1904, describing the tungsten or molybdenum filaments used in incandescent lamps. Orosz nyelvû Tungsram-plakát az 1910-es évekbôl. (Ezt bizonyítja a cirillbetûs TUNGSRAM-felirat M-betûjét követô – régies írásmódra utaló – keményítô jel, amelynek ilyetén használatát Lenin töröltette el. This old Russian Tungsram poster dates back to the 1910s. (The letter which comes last in the Cyrillic transcription of the word TUNGSRAM A világ elsô only served to harden the sound of the previous volfrámszálas letter “M”. This way of writing was abolished by izzólámpája. Lanin.) The world’s first tungsten filament incandescent lamp. 4 A TUNGSRAM védjegy The TUNGSRAM Trade Mark Vállalatunk a TUNGSRAM szóvédje- The TUNGSRAM trade mark was gyet 1909-ben, a körbe zárt T-emb- registered in 1909 and the letter "T" lémát pedig 1938-ban jegyeztette be. embedded in a circle in 1938. A TUNGSRAM szó a volfrám angol The word "TUNGSRAM" is originated (TUNGSTEN) és német (WOLFRAM) from the English and German names megfelelôinek összevonásával született, of tungsten (TUNGSTEN + utalva ezzel a Vállalatnak a volfrám- WOLFRAM). With this name the szálas izzólámpára világviszonylatban Company wanted to emphasize that it elsôként bejelentett szabadalmára és was the owner of the tungsten lamp arra a tényre, hogy ezen keresztül patent granted first in the world and elkötelezte magát a fényforrásgyártó the fact that it engaged itself with the ipar mellett. lighting business. Fentieknek további hangsúlyt adva, a On 1 January, 1984 the trade mark got TUNGSRAM szó 1984. január 1-jével a into the Company's name, too. Vállalat nevébe is bekerült. A TUNGSRAM-védjegy bejelentését igazoló egyik dokumentum. A védjegyet az évek során több mint 115 országba jegyeztette be a Vállalat. A document showing the TUNGSRAM trade mark registration (it is registered more than 115 countries). 5 Európa elsô ipari From the First Industrial kutatóintézetébôl Research Institute of Europe Aschner Lipót vezérigazgató – akinek General Director Lipót Aschner, whose nevéhez a Tungsram felvirágoztatásá- name marked several decades of nak több évtizedes korszaka fûzôdik – progress in terms of sales and korán felismerte, hogy tudatos kutató- technology, was fast to recognise that it fejlesztômunka nélkül nem lehet talpon was impossible to stay alive in a highly maradni a már akkor is kiélezett piaci competitive market without targeted versenyben. Aschner Európában elsô- research and development. Aschner ként hozott létre ipari kutatólaborató- was the first in Europe who set up an riumot, s annak vezetôjéül Pfeifer industrial research laboratory and Ignácot nevezte ki, sôt késôbb a appointed Ignác Pfeifer to be its head. Budapesti Mûegyetemen atomfizika- In addition, he later established the tanszéket is alapított. Chair for Nuclear Physics at the Technical University of Budapest, Pfeifer mellett világhírnévre szert tett kutatók sora dolgozott: Pfeifer was later joined by a world famous research team: ● Bródy Imre, aki a harmincas években megalkotta a kriptonnal töltött – s így ● Imre Bródy, inventor of the krypton- nagyobb fényhasznosítású, "fehérebb filled lamp giving higher luminous fényû" – lámpát, efficacy and "whiter" light at the ● Selényi Pál, a "xerográfia atyja", beginning of the thirties; ● Túry Pál és Millner Tivadar, akik ● Pál Selényi, the "father of kidolgozták az ú.n. nagykristályos (GK-) xerography"; volfrámot, amely már alkalmas volt a ● Pál Túry and Tivadar Millner who sokkal robusztusabb, megbízhatóbb és developed the large-crystal tungsten for hosszabb élettartamú duplaspirálos the production of more reliable and lámpák gyártásához, even longer lasting coiled-coil filament ● Bay Zoltán és kutatótársai, akik – alig lamps; egy hónappal a hasonló célú amerikai ● Zoltán Bay and his team who kísérletek után – sikerrel vették a successfully received micro-wave signs Holdról visszaverôdött mikrohullámú reflected from the Moon hardly a jeleket. month after similar American experiments. S mi sem bizonyítja jobban a jelenlegi magyar szakemberek – Pfeiferék In clear recognition of expertise of utódjainak – elismerését annál, hogy Hungarian, successors of Pfeifer and több magyarországi "kiválósági his fellows, GE has set up several so- központ" mellett a Tungsram Bródy called "Centres of Excellence" in Imre Kutatóintézete ma egyben a GE Hungary including Tungsram's Bródy világítási üzletágának kutatási központja Imre Research Institute, the Centre of is. Excellence for Research for the whole of GE Lighting business. 6 A Tungsram Kutatóintézetének egykori vezetôirôl és munkatársairól készült csoportkép a harmincas évek elejérôl. Néhányan az igazán “nagy nevek” közül: Bródy Imre (85), Aschner Lipót (90), Pfeifer Ignác (91), Bay Zoltán (92). This group photograph showing the leads and the staff of Tungsram Research Institute was takemn sometime in the early 1930s. Several esteemed names: Imre Bródy (85), Lipót Aschner (90), Ignác Pfeifer (91), Zoltán Bay (92). Aschner Lipót (1872-1952) 1896-tól – az alapítástól – 1952-ig, több évtizeden át vezérigazgatóként segítette világhírnévre a TUNGSRAM márkát. As the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, he had a main role in the building up the TUNGSRAM trade mark’s world-wide reputation during many decades, from the foundation (1896), up untill 1952. 7 A kriptonlámpa The Krypton Lamp Bródy Imre 1929-ben kísérletileg In 1929, Imre Bródy's experiments kimutatta, hogy a nitrogénhez made evident that the suitable amount megfelelô mennyiségû kriptongáz of krypton filling gas added to nitrogen keverésével kompromisszum hozható resulted in a compromise among
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