WORLD GEOGRAPHY 7 CH 3 SECTION 3 HISTORY OF I. THE MAYA AND THE (PP. 102-103) A. PRESENT DAY MEXICO WAS SETTLED ______11,000 YEARS AGO BY NATIVE GROUPS IN THE VALLEY______. OF MEXICO B. AROUND ______7000 YEARS AGO, THE SETTLERS BEGAN GROWING ______. THIS ALLOWED THEIR POPULATION TO ______.GROW C. BY ______1000 B.C. AN ORGANIZED SOCIETY CALLED THE ______OLMEC LIVED ALONG THE SOUTHERN ______.COAST Â THEY WOULD HAVE A MAJOR INFLUENCE ON LATER, LARGER SUCH AS THE ______MAYANS WHO LIVED ON THE ______.YUCATAN PENINSULA D. AROUND ______100 B.C. THE ______MAYA BEGAN DEVELOP INTO A ______. E. THE ______MAYANS USED ______HEIROGLYPHYICS TO COMMUNICATE. THEY ALSO STUDIED THE ______,SUN ______,MOON ______,PLANETS AND ______STARS WHICH ALLOWED THEM TO DEVELOP A ______-CALENDAR CALLED THE ______.LONG COUNT F. BY ______A.D. 900 THE ______MAYAN CIVILIZATION DECLINED, AND HISTORIANS ARE UNSURE AS TO WHY. POSSIBLE REASONS INCLUDE VIOLENT______-, CONFLICT ______,OVERPOPULATION AND ______.OVERFARMING G. AFTER THE MAYA DECLINED THE ______AZTECS GAINED POWER IN MEXICO. THEY SETTLED NEAR MODERN DAY ______MEXCIO CITY AROUND ______.A.D. 1325 THEIR CAPITAL WOULD BE ______TENOCHTITLAN NEAR LAKE TEXOCOCO. H. THE ______AZTECS BUILT A LARGE ______EMPIRE BY CONQUERING NEIGHBORING LANDS. THE PEOPLE THE CONQUERED WOULD SERVE AS ______,SLAVES BUILDING MORE CITIES FOR THEIR MASTERS. THEY ALSO GAINED WEALTH BY FORCING CONQUERED PEOPLE TO PAY ______TRIBUTE IN THE FORM OF ______,MONEY ______,CROPS OR OTHER GOODS. I. THE ______AZTECS WOULD REMAIN DOMINANT UNTIL THE ARRIVAL OF THE ______SPANISH IN THE 1500S. II. THE (PP. 104-105) A. AFTER COLUMBUS, ______SPAIN TOOK CONTROL OF MANY CARIBBEAN ISLANDS. B. IN ______,1518 ______HERNAN CORTES LANDED IN ______MEXICO WITH ABOUT ______500 SOLDIERS. HE WAS A ______, MEANING SOLDIER-EXPLORER______. C. CORTES QUICKLY LEARNED THAT THE RUMORS OF ______AZTEC WEALTH WERE TRUE. D. THE RULER OF THE AZTECS, ______MONTEZUMA WELCOMED ______,CORTES SEEING HIM AS SOME FORM OF ______.GOD E. HOWEVER, WITHIN ______,THREE ______CORTES WOULD KILL ______MONTEZUMA AND CAPTURE ______. F. HE ORDERED THE CITY TO BE BURNED, AND BUILT ______MEXICO CITY PROCLAIMING SPANISH DOMINANCE OVER THIS AREA FOR THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE. G. THE SPANISH HAD ______,GUNS ______SWORDS AND ______ARMOR WHERE THE AZTECS DID NOT. H. THE ______SPANISH ALSO HAD ______HORSES AND ______,DOGS WHICH WERE AN ADDED ADVANTAGE. I. IN ADDITION, MANY TRIBES ______HATED THE AZTECS AND CHOSE TO ______FIGHT ALONGSIDE THE SPANISH. J. THE BIGGEST ADVANTAGE THAT THE SPANISH UNKNOWINGLY HAD WAS THE ______DISEASES THEY CARRIED WITH THEM. THE NATIVES ______IMMUNE SYSTEMS COULD NOT FIGHT THEM OFF AND MANY WERE KILLED DUE TO THIS. K. FROM THEIR BASE IN ______,MEXICO THE SPANISH WENT ON TO CONQUER ALMOST ALL OF______SOUTH AMERICA AND ______, BUILDING THEIR OWN . III. MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE (106-107) A. IN THE EARLY ______1800’s COLONIAL MEXICO WAS DIVIDED INTO ______.SOCIAL CLASSES

B. AT THE TOP WERE ______PENINSULARES (PEOPLE BORN IN ). NEXT WERE ______CRIOLLOS (PEOPLE OF SPANISH BACKGROUND BORN IN MEXICO. THIRD WERE ______, PEOPLE OF MIXED ______SPANISH AND ______NATIVE HERITAGE. Â LASTLY, THE LOWEST CLASS WERE ______NATIVE AMERICANS AND ______.SLAVES C. IN 1810, ______MIGUEL HIDALGO LED A REVOLT AGAINST THE PENINSULARES. HIS ARMY OF NEARLY ______100,000 KILLED MANY PENINSULARES AND CRIOLLOS WHILE CAPTURING MANY MEXICAN CITIES. D. EVENTUALLY, HOWEVER, ______’SHIDALGO ARMY WOULD BE DEFEATED AND ON ______JULY 30 1811 ______MIGUEL HIDALGO WAS EXECUTED. E. ______JOSE MORELOS THEN TOOK OVER LEADERSHIP OF MEXICO’S INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT. F. IN ______1813 HE AND HIS FOLLOWERS DECLARED ______MEXICO INDEPENDENT FROM ______,SPAIN MAKING ______MEXICO A REPUBLIC. G. THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT DIDN’T ACCEPT THE DECLARATION AND AFTER TWO YEARS OF TRACKING HIM, ______MORELOS WOULD ALSO BE ______.EXECUTED H. IN ______,1821 COLONEL______AUGUSTIN DE ITURBIDE UNITED REBELS AGAINST SPAIN. THIS UNIFIED FORCE DEFEATED SPANISH TROOPS AND IN ______1821 SPAIN SIGNED A TREATY GRANTING INDEPENDENCE TO MEXICO. I. UPON VICTORY, ______ITURBIDE DECLARED HIMSELF EMPEROR OF MEXICO, BUT WAS ULTIMATELY WAS REMOVED BY ______.ANTONIO LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA IN ______,1823 ______ITURBIDE EXILED HIMSELF. J. UNDER ______’SSANTA ANNA LEADERSHIP, MEXICO WOULD GAIN A CONSTITUTION IN ______1824 AND FULL FREEDOM FROM SPAIN IN ______.1830 IV. THE U.S.-MEXICAN (108-109) A. MEXICO’S LANDS STRETCHED FROM ______TEXAS TO ______CALIFORNIA AND NORTHWARD TO ______.UTAH B. AT FIRST, TO ENTICE AMERICAN SETTLERS TO THEIR LAND, THE MEXICAN GOVERNMENT OFFERED ______LAND GRANTS TO SETTLERS WHO WOULD SETTLE IN PRESENT DAY ______. C. BY ______1830 MEXICO STARTED BLOCKING FURTHER DEVELOPMENT, CREATING HOSTILITIES BETWEEN THE MEXICAN______GOV’T AND SETTLERS______FROM TEXAS. D. THE TWO SIDES WOULD COME TO BLOWS WHEN REBELS FROM TEXAS BEGAN TO FIGHT MEXICAN FORCES. IN ______,1836 IN A BATTLE THAT LASTED ______13 DAYS, MEXICAN FORCES KILLED ALL OF THE TEXAN REBELS AT WHAT BECAME KNOWN AS THE ______.ALAMO E. THE NEXT MONTH, UNDER GENERAL ______, THE TEXAN ARMY DEFEATED SANTA ANNA’S TROOPS AT THE BATTLE______. OF SAN JACINTO F. AFTER DEFEATING MEXICO, THE REBELS CREATED THE ______. HOWEVER, AFTER MANY DIFFICULTIES, THE REPUBLIC OFFICIALLY JOINED THE IN ______.1845 G. WITH THE ADDITION OF ______,TEXAS THE UNITED STATES SET THE SOUTHERN BORDER AT THE ______.RIO GRANDE RIVER MEXICO DISPUTED THIS CLAIM, LEADING TO THE U.S.-MEXICAN WAR. H. THE WAR LASTED ______2 YEARS, AND IN THE LOSS, SANTA ANNA GAVE THE UNITED STATES THE LANDS FROM PRESENT DAY ______TEXAS TO ______.CALIFORNIA I. IN AN ARRANGEMENT KNOWN AS THE ______,GASDEN PURCHASE SANTA ANNA WOULD SELL ADDITIONAL LAND TO THE U.S. J. THIS LED TO GROWING OPPOSITION IN MEXICO TOWARD SANTA ANNA, AND HE WAS FORCED OUT OF OFFICE IN ______.1854 HE WAS REPLACED BY PRESIDENT BENITO______JUAREZ IN 1857 WHO BEGAN A PERIOD CALLED ______, WHICH WAS A CIVIL WAR OF SORTS IN MEXICO. V. THE (110-111) A. UPON JUAREZ’ S DEATH, ______GENERAL PORFIRIO DIAZ BECAME DICTATOR. B. THE ______MEXICAN REVOLUTION WAS A FIGHT FOR LAND REFORM. ______EMILIANO ZAPATA AND ______PANCHO VILLA LED THE STRUGGLE WHICH LASTED NEARLY ______10 YEARS AND WOULD KILL MORE THAN ______ONE MILLION . 1. WHO WAS THE LEADER OF THE AZTECS? 2. WHO LED THE SPANISH FORCES THAT CAPTURED TENOTCHITLAN? 3. WHAT WAS THE GREATEST WEAPON USED BY THE SPANISH, EVEN THOUGH THEY DIDN’T KNOW THEY WERE USING IT AT THE TIME? 4. WHO BEGAN THE CHARGE FOR MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE? 5. WHO TOOK UP THAT CHARGE WHEN #4 WAS EXECUTED? 6. WHO WOULD ULTIMATELY OBTAIN MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE? 7. WHO WILL TAKE POWER FROM #6? 8. WHAT DID MEXICO OFFER TO SETTLER TO LURE THEM TO THEIR TERRITORY? 9. WHERE WOULD A BATTLE TAKE PLACE BETWEEN REBELS FROM TEXAS AND THE MEXICAN ARMY THAT WOULD END IN MEXICAN VICTORY AFTER 13 DAYS? 10. ONCE TEXAS IS FORMALLY ADDED TO THE UNITED STATES, WHERE IS THE NEW SOUTHERN BORDER FOR THE UNITED STATES SET AT?