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The Wedge Neighborhood Q/Minneapolis Lowry Hill East Historic Context Study

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The Wedge Neighborhood Q/Minneapolis Lowry Hill East Historic Context Study 1 · The Wedge Neighborhood q/Minneapolis I Lowry Hill East Historic Context Study • Prepared for the Lowry Hill East Neighborhood Association (LHENA) by Carole Zellie Landscape Research LLC St. Paul, MN 2005 The Wedge Neighborhood of Minneapolis Lowry Hill East Historic Context Study Prepared for the Lowry Hill East Neighborhood Association Minneapolis, Minnesota (LHENA) by Carole Zellie Landscape Research LLC St. Paul, MN 2005 REF I~\ L\- Contents "()/ ~Lp LL_o93 Management Summary 1 Recommendations 2 ~O::>S SC...mc_ Introduction 3 Chapter 1 4 The Golden Age of Minneapolis and the Wedge Neighborhood: ca. 1882-1910 Chapter 2 New Houses for the Minneapolis Middle Class, ca. 1882-1910 9 Chapter 3 Apartment Buildings 24 Chapter 4 Non-Residential Land Uses 29 Chapter 5 31 The 1920s and Beyond Sources Consulted 33 Unless noted, historic photographs are from the Minnesota Historical Society. Confer Collection photos at the Hennepin County History Museum are noted (HCH). Cover: George H Cook House, 2219 Bryant Ave. S., in ca. 1896 Management Summary The Wedge neighborhood, or Lowry Hill East, occupies a 50-block near-triangle formed by Lake Street and Franklin Avenue, and Hennepin and Lyndale avenues. Today's neighborhood is the result of rapid growth during a 30-year period; nearly all streets were platted by 1882 and, with the exception of apartment buildings, most of the area's housing was completed by 1910. This study focuses primarily on residential development of the Wedge. The history and significance of the Lake Street and Lyndale and Hennepin avenue commercial corridors should be evaluated within the context of their larger patterns of commercial development. Previously completed local historic context studies applicable to the Wedge include "Street Railways, 1873-1954," " eighborhood Commercial Centers, 1885- 1963," and "South Minneapolis." The Wedge remains a densely-built urban neighborhood that still embodies three of the primary themes of Minneapolis real estate and architectural development at the tum of the 20th century. Within its eight-block length from Lake Street to Franklin Avenue, it contains a dense middle-class quarter, with high-styled Queen Anne and Colonial Revival houses dating from ca. 1886-191 O; a section of vernacular worker's houses of many descriptions dating from ca. 1882 to 1900; and a collection of masonry apartment buildings of several popular types dating from ca. 1900-1930. Dense commercial zones at the southern comers of the neighborhood-at Lake Street and at Hennepin and Lyndale avenues- include a number of architecturally significant properties and have been evaluated in other recent studies. Beginning in the mid- l 880s, the Wedge captured a good portion of the city' s residential real estate energy. At the northern edge, the high-quality buildings in the Sunnyside and Lyndale Avenue additions was created by a group of master builders and architects working for clients exemplary of the city's growing middle class. Builders included Theron P. Healy, Preston C. Richardson, and Henry Ingham; William Kenyon, Warren B. Dunnell, and Harry W. Jones were among the neighborhood's architects. Worker's housing to the south is representative of the variety of plan book designs popular in the 1880s and 1890s, and early owners or tenants illustrate part of the city's pattern of employment and ethnicity. A number of the Wedge's early apartment houses are representative of the styles and types popular with a tum-of-the-century "luxury market." while later apartments housed an expanding workforce of that included many single office and retail workers as well as small families. The Wedge is bordered by the Chicago Milwaukee and St. Paul (CM & St P) Railroad along W. 29th Street; it is now a recreational corridor. This line was built in 1884 and attracted milling and manufacturing industries along its length and shaped the character of nearby housing. The CM & St P became the focus of a controversial grade separation project in 1912 that added nine bridges to the Wedge neighborhood. Residential construction in the Wedge reflects many cycles of boom and bust, including the Panic of 1893 and the Great Depression of the 1930s. The collection of several dozen 1960s and 1970s apartment buildings-some nearly a half-block long- are testament to a 1963 rezoning that encouraged the destruction of more than 100 houses. The past thirty years of community interest in the revitalization of the many City of Minneapolis remaining historic houses has resulted in reversals of past poor maintenance and exterior alterations. Restoration of the feeling of the earlier streetscape of busy avenues lined with tree-shaded yards and open Neighborhoods and Communities I porches is evident throughout the area. The Wedge (arrow). Map source: City ofMinneapolis , 2005. Period of Significance: ca. 1882-1930 The Wedge Neighborhood a/Minneapolis Historic Context Study This study suggests that the neighborhood's period of significance is ca. 1882-1930, extending from the earliest houses built in newly-platted parcels to apartment construction at the beginning of the Depression. Introduction Alth~ugh simil'.11" ~xa~ples of high-styled and vernacular houses can be found throughout south Minneapolis, certam areas w1thm this compact neighborhood are particularly distinctive because of their streetscapes of Historic contexts provide a framework for evaluating historic resources relative to specific themes, high-styled houses dating from the mid- l 880s to ca. 1910. This community can be documented by federal timeframes, and locations. They are useful for many types of preservation planning, including National census and city directories to create a picture of early investment in the area that connects to the surge of Register of Historic Places designation, and typically accompany or precede historic resources inventories residential ~evelopmen~ in Minneapolis, one encouraged by industrial and commercial growth, an expanding and evaluation and designation studies. In spring 2005 consultants Mead & Hunt conducted a concurrent workforce, mvestment m streetcar expansion, and public works. These sources also document the historic resources inventory of the Wedge. Building permit and other information co llected for the inventory subdivision of many large houses into smaller units during the early years of the Depression. was consulted in the context study, and the inventory results contributed to the historic context recommendations in this report. Historic Context Study Recommendations This historic context study describes the development of the 50-block area known variously as Lowry HilJ This historic context study was coordinated with an historic resources inventory conducted by consultants East or the Wedge. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Lowry Hill East Neighborhood Association Mead & Hunt. Further evaluation of the historic context study and the inventory findings can assist in (LHENA). Situated close to the southern edge of downtown Minneapolis and bounded by Franklin Avenue determining which properties and areas warrant further evaluation for potential historic designation. on the north, Lyndale Avenue at the east, Hennepin Avenue at the west, and Lake Street at the south, most residential development was completed between ca. 1882 and 1910, with apartment construction continuing The context study suggests that the Sunnyside and Lyndale Avenue additions north of W. 25th streets, and until ca. 1930. the apartment zone along Franklin Avenue and at the Hennepin intersection are of particular interest for further study for potential local historic designation. Apartment buildings, especially those on Franklin and The Wedge occupies part of the backslope of Lowry Hill, a feature called the " Devils Backbone" in late Hennepin, are of interest because of their relationship to the early-twentieth century apartment construction 19th-century accounts. The series of forested ridges that rose from the swampy area around Johnson's Lake that was focused in the zone between Loring Hill, Lowry Hill, Stevens Square, and the Wedge. In addition, (later Loring Pond) provided post-Civil War builders with good potential building sites, but extensive there are many individual properties representative of high-styled as well as vernacular architecture located building was discouraged by steep grades as well as distance from the downtown area near the Falls of St. throughout the area. Those that retain a good level of historic integrity, and link to the themes noted above, Anthony. By the 1880s, with planning for streetcar extension and real estate development underway, Thomas should also be the subject of further study and evaluation for potential local historic designation. Lowry and others began extensive grading that recontoured the hills for building lots. In 1969, much of the topographical outline of the hill just north of the Wedge was bisected by I-94, thus severing the connection with the Loring Park area. Sources Standard works on the early history of South Minneapolis include John H. Stevens' Personal Recollections ofMinnesota and its People and Early History of Minneapolis ( 1890); Issac Atwater and Col. John H. Stevens, History ofMinn eapolis and Hennepin County (1895) and Marion D. Shutter, History of Minneapolis, Gateway to the Northwest (1923). Sociologist Calvin F. Schmid's Social Saga of the Twin Cities analyzed the city from sociological and economic perspectives. John G. Rice, "The Old-Stock Americans," in June D. Holmquist, ed.,
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