DOCSLIB.ORG

US 2002/0002128A1 Gernon Et Al

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
US 2002/0002128A1 Gernon Et Al US 2002.0002128A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2002/0002128A1 Gernon et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 3, 2002 (54) AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS CONTAINING Related U.S. Application Data DITHIONIC ACID AND/OR METAL DTHONATE (63) Non-provisional of provisional application No. 60/186,097, filed on Mar. 1, 2000. (76) Inventors: Michael D. Gernon, Upper Providence, Publication Classification PA (US); Sandra L. Bodar, 7 Coulommiers (FR) (51) Int. Cl." ....................................................... C11D 1100 (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 510,363 Correspondence Address: Gilbert W. Rudman (57) ABSTRACT ATOFINA Chemicals, Inc., Patent Department This invention relates to Solutions of dithionic acid and/or 26th Floor dithionate Salts for use in metal finishing processes Such as 2000 Market Street those used for the cleaning, activating, electroplating, elec Philadelphia, PA 19103-3222 (US) troless plating, conversion coating and/or other pre-treat ment or post-treatment of a metallic Surface. In particular the (21) Appl. No.: 09/791,224 Solutions are a useful electrolyte for the electroplating of metallic coatings, especially, Sn, Cu, Ni, Zn and precious (22) Filed: Feb. 22, 2001 metals, onto metal or plastic Substrates and/or other Surfaces. US 2002/0002128A1 Jan. 3, 2002 AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS CONTAINING DITHIONIC 0014) Another embodiment is a surface cleaning solution ACID AND/OR METAL DITHIONATE composition for a Substrate, other than copper, which con tains metal or ammonium dithionate Salts. REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 0015. Another embodiment is an aqueous solution of 0001. This application claims the benefit of United States ammonium, IA metal and/or IIA metal dithionate Salts for Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/186,097, filed Mar. 1, cleaning and activating metal, plastic and/or other Surfaces. 2OOO. 0016. Another embodiment is an electroless or immer BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Sion plating composition which contains free dithionic acid. 0002) 1. Field of the Invention 0017 Another embodiment is an electroless or immer Sion plating composition, other than one for nickel or 0003. This invention relates to solutions useful in metal palladium, which contains dissolved metal or ammonium finishing processes. In particular it relates to Solutions con dithionate Salts. taining dithionic acid and/or dithionate Salts. 0018. Another embodiment is an electroless or immer 0004 2. Description of the Prior Art Sion plating composition for nickel or palladium, which 0005 Known plating electrolytes include, for instance, contains dissolved nickel dithionate, palladium dithionate, alkaline cyanide, acidic Sulfate, acidic phosphate, acidic other metal dithionate or ammonium dithionate Salts at fluoborate and acidic methaneSulfonate Systems. These vari concentrations greater than 0.1 M. ous electrolytes are Selected by industrial practitioners of 0019. Another embodiment is the use of a solution con metal finishing based on the relative advantages they offer taining dissolved metal or ammonium dithionate as a rust for performance, quality and environmental compatibility. removing agent. 0006 The industry is constantly seeking new and improved electrolyte Systems for the finishing of metal 0020. Another embodiment is the use of compositions of substrates which allow for favorable differentiation of plat the invention as an electroless or immersion plating Solution ing processes relating, for instance, to electroplating Speed, in an electroless or immersion tin plating System. performance and electrodeposit quality. 0021 Another embodiment is an electroplating process 0007 Kubo, M.; Kamitamari, T.; Hotsuta, T., Masamoto, employing a composition of the invention. H.; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08269727 A2, Oct. 15, 0022. Another embodiment is a metal, semiconductor or 1996, assigned to Uemura Kogyo, discloses the use of an plastic Surface treatment process employing a composition inorganic Sulfur compound Selected from thiosulfate, poly of the invention. thionate, dithionite, Sulfite and dithionate at an amount of 0.01 to 10 mmol/L as an additive in an electroless palladium 0023. Another embodiment is a metal finishing process coating bath containing a palladium Salt, a reductant Selected employing a composition of the invention. from HPO and its salts, HPO and its salts, hydroborides, and amine borane, and complexing agent Selected from NH DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE and amines. INVENTION 0008 Uchida, Hetal, Kokai, Tokkyo Koho JP 08269726 0024. The description which follows sets forth additional A2 and Uchida, H et al, German Offen. DE 19639174 A1 features and advantages of the invention which, in part, will both disclose a Solution for electroleSS coating of nickel. The become apparent from the description or learned by practice Solution contains a water Soluble nickel Salt, a reducing of the invention. The skilled artisan will realize the objec agent, a complexing agent and a compound having S-S tives and other advantages of the invention obtained by bonds, Such as, thiosulfate, dithionate, dithionite, and poly process and compositions of matter particularly pointed out thionate. in the written description and claims hereof. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 0025 Dithionic acid has the molecular formula HSO (CAS Registry # 14970-71-9). Dithionic acid and salts 0009. One embodiment of the invention is an aqueous derived from dithionic acid are the basis of the compositions Solution of dithionic acid and/or dithionate salts which and processes of the present invention. Serves as a useful electrolyte for the electroplating of metal lic coatings, especially, Sn, Cu, Ni, Zn and precious metals, 0026 Alkaline, neutral and acidic dithionate based elec onto metal or plastic Substrates and/or other Surfaces. trolytes offer numerous advantages with respect to power consumption, process performance and quality for a number 0.010 Another embodiment is a metal finishing solution of industrially important metal finishing processes. composition which contains free dithionic acid. 0027 “Electrolyte” as used herein means any conducting 0.011) Another embodiment is an electroplating solution aqueous or mixed aqueous Solution which can be used as the composition which contains free dithionic acid. basis for a formulated metal finishing product. 0012 Another embodiment is an electroplating solution 0028 “Metal finishing” as used herein is meant to composition which contains metal or ammonium dithionate encompass all processes used for the cleaning, activating, Salts. electroplating, electroleSS plating, conversion coating and/or 0013 Another embodiment is a surface cleaning solution other pre-treatment or post-treatment of a metallic Surface, composition which contains free dithionic acid. Semiconductor, glass or hard plastic. US 2002/0002128A1 Jan. 3, 2002 0029. The differentiation between an additive and an metal to be electroplated and to, in general, create a Solution electrolyte component as based on concentration is not which allows for adequate performance. definite. An additive is Something which is added to enhance certain aspects of the Surface (cleaned, electroplated or 0037. The metal salt source of the metal to be electro whatever) quality. An electrolyte component is something plated has an obvious function. which provides for solubility, conductivity, process effi 0038. Additives are used mostly to improve the quality of ciency, deposit quality and other things. the electrodeposited metal(s) through specific Surface effects. For instance, Surface tension lowering additives are 0030 The following ranges are indicated: used to, among other things, allow for the more efficient 0.031) For Electroplating, Electroless Plating, Immersion ejection of gas bubbles from the Surface being electroplated. Plating, one can use dithionic acid up to 60% by weight, Such gas bubbles, if they are not properly handled, can cause preferred is 0.1% to 25% by weight, more preferred is 1% pits in the electroplated coating. to 18% by weight. Aqueous dithionic acid Solutions become 0039. In this invention, dithionic acid and/or metal leSS Stable as the acidity of the Solution is increased. The dithionates, Such as the Sodium, potassium, calcium, copper, preferred range for dithionic acid is up to 25% by weight Zinc, nickel, tin, lead, ammonium and/or other metal dithion (stable in this range), but higher levels are occasionally ates, are added to electroplating formulations as a means of useful. The instability of the acid at higher free acid levels improving the performance of these formulations. is Something that needs to be balanced against its perfor mance at higher acid levels. Metal dithionates can be used 0040 Cleaning and activation solutions do not require a up to their saturation solubility, preferred is 0.01 M to 2 M Source of metal ions for deposition, but Such Systems do in metal, more preferred is 0.1M to 1 M in metal. The metals require an optimized electrolyte composition. In this inven employed may be the metals plated and/or they may be other tion, dithionic acid and/or metal dithionates, Such as the metals used to provide peripheral benefits like conductivity. Sodium, potassium, calcium, copper, Zinc, nickel, tin, ammo A generally preferred range for the metal dithionates added nium and/or other metal dithionates, are added to the clean for peripheral benefits is from 0.001 M to 5 M in metal, ing and/or activating Solutions as a means of improving the preferred is 0.01 M to
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 540.14Pri.Pdf
    Index Element names, parent hydride names and systematic names derived using any of the nomenclature systems described in this book are, with very few exceptions, not included explicitly in this index. If a name or term is referred to in several places in the book, the most informative references appear in bold type, and some of the less informative places are not cited in the index. Endings and suffixes are represented using a hyphen in the usual fashion, e.g. -01, and are indexed at the place where they would appear ignoring the hyphen. Names of compounds or groups not included in the index may be found in Tables P7 (p. 205), P9 (p. 232) and PIO (p. 234). ~, 3,87 acac, 93 *, 95 -acene, 66 \ +, 7,106 acetals, 160-161 - (minus), 7, 106 acetate, 45 - (en dash), 124-126 acetic acid, 45, 78 - (em dash), 41, 91, 107, 115-116, 188 acetic anhydride, 83 --+, 161,169-170 acetoacetic acid, 73 ct, 139, 159, 162, 164, 167-168 acetone, 78 ~, 159, 164, 167-168 acetonitrile, 79 y, 164 acetyl, III, 160, 163 11, 105, 110, 114-115, 117, 119-128, 185 acetyl chloride, 83, 183 K, 98,104-106,117,120,124-125, 185 acetylene, 78 A, 59, 130 acetylide, 41 11, 89-90,98, 104, 107, 113-116, 125-126, 146-147, acid anhydrides, see anhydrides 154, 185 acid halides, 75,83, 182-183 TC, 119 acid hydrogen, 16 cr, 119 acids ~, 167 amino acids, 25, 162-163 00, 139 carboxylic acids, 19,72-73,75--80, 165 fatty acids, 165 A sulfonic acids, 75 ct, 139,159,162,164,167-168 see also at single compounds A, 33-34 acrylic acid, 73, 78 A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic actinide, 231 Compounds, 4, 36, 195 actinoids (vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Kinetics and Mechanism of Polythionate Oxidation to Sulfate at Low Ph by O2 and Fe3+
    Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 67, No. 23, pp. 4457–4469, 2003 Copyright © 2003 Elsevier Ltd Pergamon Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0016-7037/03 $30.00 ϩ .00 doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00388-0 3؉ Kinetics and mechanism of polythionate oxidation to sulfate at low pH by O2 and Fe 1, 2 1,2 GREGORY K. DRUSCHEL, *ROBERT J. HAMERS, and JILLIAN F. BANFIELD † 1Departments of Geology and Geophysics and 2Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA (Received October 16, 2002; accepted in revised form May 30, 2003) 2Ϫ Abstract—Polythionates (SxO6 ) are important in redox transformations involving many sulfur compounds. Here we investigate the oxidation kinetics and mechanisms of trithionate and tetrathionate oxidation between pH 0.4 and pH 2 in the presence of Fe3ϩ and/or oxygen. In these solutions, Fe3ϩ plus oxygen oxidizes tetrathionate and trithionate at least an order of magnitude faster than oxygen alone. Kinetic measurements, coupled with density functional calculations, suggest that the rate-limiting step for tetrathionate oxidation involves Fe3ϩ attachment, followed by electron density shifts that result in formation of a sulfite radical and 0 S3O3 derivatives. The overall reaction orders for trithionate and tetrathionate are fractional due to rearrange- ment reactions and side reactions between reactants and intermediate products. The pseudo-first order rate coefficients for tetrathionate range from 10Ϫ11 sϪ1 at 25°C to 10Ϫ8 sϪ1 at 70°C, compared to 2 ϫ 10Ϫ7 sϪ1 Ϯ at 35 °C for trithionate. The apparent activation energy (EA) for tetrathionate oxidation at pH 1.5 is 104.5 4.13 kJ/mol.
    [Show full text]
  • Substitution and Redox Chemistry of Ruthenium Complexes
    iJ il r¿ SUBSTITUTION AND REDOX CHEMISTRY OF RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES by Paul Stuaft Moritz, B. Sc. (Hons) * A Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The Department of Physical and lnorganic Chemistry, The University of Adelaide. JUNE 1987 lìr.+:-c{,¡l I /tz lZ]' STATEMENT. This Thesis conta¡ns no materialwhich has been accepted for the award of any other Degree or Diploma in any University and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text. I give consent that, if this Thesis is accepted for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, it may be made available for photocopying and, if applicable, loan. Moritz. SUMMARY The coordination chemislry of ruthenium is domínated by the oxidation states, +2 and +3. Within these oxidation states, the ammine complexes form a large and welt- characterized group. This thesis reports on the chemistry of lhe hitherto neglected triammine complexes, with particular reference to their redox chemistry, and the possible formation of Ru(lV) triammine complexes with terminal oxo ligands. The chemistry of the +4 oxidation state is further explored through the formation of stable chelate complexes. The salt, [Ru(NH3)3(OH2)31(CFgSO3)3, was prepared by hydrotysis of Ru(NHs)sCts in triflic acid solution. lts spectra, electrochemistry and substitution reactions are similar to those of the well-known hexa-, penta-, and tetraammine complexes. At freshly polished platinum and glassy carbon electrodes, a quasi reversible redox wave was detected, corresponding to a proton-coupled reduction involving the pu3+7pu2+ couple.
    [Show full text]
  • Deracemization of Sodium Chlorate with Or Without the Influence of Sodium Dithionate Manon Schindler
    Deracemization of sodium chlorate with or without the influence of sodium dithionate Manon Schindler To cite this version: Manon Schindler. Deracemization of sodium chlorate with or without the influence of sodium dithionate. Cristallography. Normandie Université, 2020. English. NNT : 2020NORMR004. tel- 02521046v2 HAL Id: tel-02521046 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02521046v2 Submitted on 15 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Pour obtenir le diplôme de doctorat Spécialité Physique Préparée au sein de l’Université de Rouen Normandie Deracémisation du chlorate de sodium avec et sans l’influence du dithionate de sodium Présentée et soutenue par Manon SCHINDLER Thèse soutenue publiquement le 13 mars 2020 devant le jury composé de Mme. Elizabeth HILLARD Dr. Hab. Université de Bordeaux Rapporteur M. Elias VLIEG Pr. Université Radboud de Nimègue Rapporteur Mme. Sylvie MALO Pr. Université de Caen Normandie Présidente M. Woo Sik KIM Pr. Université Kyung Hee de Séoul Examinateur M. Gérard COQUEREL Pr. Université de Rouen Normandie Directeur de thèse Thèse dirigée par Gérard COQUEREL, professeur des universités au laboratoire Sciences et Méthodes Séparatives (EA3233 SMS) THÈSE Pour obtenir le diplôme de doctorat Spécialité Physique Préparée au sein de l’Université de Rouen Normandie Deracemization of sodium chlorate with or without the influence of sodium dithionate Présentée et soutenue par Manon SCHINDLER Thèse soutenue publiquement le 13 mars 2020 devant le jury composé de Mme.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2012/024294 Al
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date Λ 23 February 2012 (23.02.2012) WO 2012/024294 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C22B 47/00 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (21) International Application Number: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, PCT/US201 1/047916 DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, 16 August 201 1 (16.08.201 1) KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, (25) Filing Language: English NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, (26) Publication Language: English SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, (30) Priority Data: ZW. 61/374,691 18 August 2010 (18.08.2010) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): AMER¬ kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, ICAN MANGANESE INC. [CA/US]; 2533 North Car GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, son Street, Suite 3913, Carson City, NV 89706 (US).
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Data Sheet
    World Headquarters Hach Company P.O.Box 389 MSDS No: M00107 Loveland, CO USA 80539 (970) 669-3050 SAFETY DATA SHEET _____________________________________________________________________________ 1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product Name: Hydrosulfite Reagent for Total Copper Catalog Number: 2118869 Hach Company Emergency Telephone Numbers: P.O.Box 389 (Medical and Transportation) Loveland, CO USA 80539 (303) 623-5716 24 Hour Service (970) 669-3050 (515)232-2533 8am - 4pm CST MSDS Number: M00107 Chemical Name: Dithionous acid, disodium salt CAS Number: 7775-14-6 Additional CAS No. (for hydrated forms): Not applicable Chemical Formula: Na2S2O4 Chemical Family: Reducing Agent Intended Use: Laboratory Use _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION GHS Classification: Hazard categories: Self Heating: Self-heat. 1 Acute Toxicity: Acute Tox. 4-Orl . Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation:Eye Irrit. 2 Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Single Exposure: STOT SE 3 Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment: Aquatic Chronic 3 GHS Label Elements: DANGER Hazard statements: Self-heating: maycatch fire. Harmful if swallowed. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Precautionary statements: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. Handle environmental release according to local, state, federal, provincial requirements. Wear eye protection. IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. IF INHALED: Remove victim/person to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Names and CAS Numbers Final
    Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number C3H8O 1‐propanol C4H7BrO2 2‐bromobutyric acid 80‐58‐0 GeH3COOH 2‐germaacetic acid C4H10 2‐methylpropane 75‐28‐5 C3H8O 2‐propanol 67‐63‐0 C6H10O3 4‐acetylbutyric acid 448671 C4H7BrO2 4‐bromobutyric acid 2623‐87‐2 CH3CHO acetaldehyde CH3CONH2 acetamide C8H9NO2 acetaminophen 103‐90‐2 − C2H3O2 acetate ion − CH3COO acetate ion C2H4O2 acetic acid 64‐19‐7 CH3COOH acetic acid (CH3)2CO acetone CH3COCl acetyl chloride C2H2 acetylene 74‐86‐2 HCCH acetylene C9H8O4 acetylsalicylic acid 50‐78‐2 H2C(CH)CN acrylonitrile C3H7NO2 Ala C3H7NO2 alanine 56‐41‐7 NaAlSi3O3 albite AlSb aluminium antimonide 25152‐52‐7 AlAs aluminium arsenide 22831‐42‐1 AlBO2 aluminium borate 61279‐70‐7 AlBO aluminium boron oxide 12041‐48‐4 AlBr3 aluminium bromide 7727‐15‐3 AlBr3•6H2O aluminium bromide hexahydrate 2149397 AlCl4Cs aluminium caesium tetrachloride 17992‐03‐9 AlCl3 aluminium chloride (anhydrous) 7446‐70‐0 AlCl3•6H2O aluminium chloride hexahydrate 7784‐13‐6 AlClO aluminium chloride oxide 13596‐11‐7 AlB2 aluminium diboride 12041‐50‐8 AlF2 aluminium difluoride 13569‐23‐8 AlF2O aluminium difluoride oxide 38344‐66‐0 AlB12 aluminium dodecaboride 12041‐54‐2 Al2F6 aluminium fluoride 17949‐86‐9 AlF3 aluminium fluoride 7784‐18‐1 Al(CHO2)3 aluminium formate 7360‐53‐4 1 of 75 Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide 21645‐51‐2 Al2I6 aluminium iodide 18898‐35‐6 AlI3 aluminium iodide 7784‐23‐8 AlBr aluminium monobromide 22359‐97‐3 AlCl aluminium monochloride
    [Show full text]
  • Regolith Weathering and Sorption Influences Molybdenum, Vanadium, and Chromium Export Via Stream Water at Four Granitoid Critica
    feart-06-00193 November 8, 2018 Time: 16:14 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 09 November 2018 doi: 10.3389/feart.2018.00193 Regolith Weathering and Sorption Influences Molybdenum, Vanadium, and Chromium Export via Stream Water at Four Granitoid Critical Zone Observatories Justin B. Richardson1,2* and Elizabeth K. King3 1 Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States, 2 Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, 3 Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Understanding the fate of oxyanions in the Critical Zone is important because of Edited by: their biological significance and the potential for their use as geochemical tracers in Julia Perdrial, University of Vermont, United States terrestrial environments and subsurface systems. This study assessed the partitioning Reviewed by: and transport of a suite of oxyanion metals (Mo, V, and Cr) in regolith profiles and stream Angelica Vazquez-Ortega, waters from four granitoid Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs) (Boulder Creek, Calhoun, Bowling Green State University, United States Luquillo, and Southern Sierra). For regolith profiles, we compared Mo, V, and Cr in Dragos George Zaharescu, total digestions and two extractions targeting oxyanions adsorbed to organic matter Georgia Institute of Technology, and amorphous oxides (H O C 0.1 M acetic acid) and secondary Fe oxides (citrate– United States 2 2 bicarbonate–dithionite). Total Mo, V, and Cr ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 mg kg−1, 16 to *Correspondence: −1 −1 Justin B. Richardson 208 mg kg , and 0.2 to 55 mg kg , respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • January-February 2009 Volume 31 No
    The News Magazine of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) CHEMISTRY International January-February 2009 Volume 31 No. 1 The IUPAC International Periodic Tables Chemical Identifier and IUPAC Celebrating Worldwide Excellence in Chemistry From the Editor CHEMISTRY International omething old, something new, something borrowed, something blue . Sthat recipe is for something else, yet it applies surprisingly well to the The News Magazine of the International Union of Pure and contents of this issue of Chemistry International. Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Something old would be the description of IUPAC’s position with regard to the periodic table. The feature article by Jeffery Leigh (page 4) www.iupac.org/publications/ci reminds the reader that “IUPAC’s primary concern is with unequivo- Managing Editor: Fabienne Meyers cal and unambiguous commu- Production Editor: Chris Brouwer nication,” and in the context of Design: CB Communications a periodic table format, IUPAC’s recommendation is only for the All correspondence to be addressed to: groups numbering from 1 to 18, and Fabienne Meyers no more. Leigh demonstrates that IUPAC, c/o Department of Chemistry one table does not fit all uses, and Boston University the periodic table as we know it today is an icon often wrongly associ- Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering ated with IUPAC. 590 Commonwealth Ave. Something new would be the focus of Steve Heller and Alan Boston, MA 02215, USA McNaught’s article (page 7) on InChI, known as “in-chee.” The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI) continues to be developed and E-mail: [email protected] is becoming more widely used throughout the chemistry community.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19. 11) 4,059,533 Watson Et Al
    United States Patent (19. 11) 4,059,533 Watson et al. 45 Nov. 22, 1977 (54) OXYGENSCAVENGING METHODS AND 3,399,725 9/1968 Pye ....................................... 166/275 ADDITIVES 3,852,201 12/1974 Jackson ................................. 252/8.5 (75 Inventors: Jimmie L. Watson; Leroy L. Carney, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS both of Duncan, Okla. 6,414,645 6/1965 Netherlands .......................... 252/8.5 (73) Assignee: Halliburton Company, Duncan, Okla. OTHER PUBLICATIONS (21) Appl. No.: 518,306 The Merck Index, Eighth Edition, Published 1968 by 22 Filed: Oct. 29, 1974 - Merck and Co., Inc., pp. 958 and 960. 51) Int. Cl.2 ....... e o os see s see a woo C09K 7/02; C09K 7/04; Primary Examiner-Herbert B. Guynn E21B 43/22; CO1B 17/66 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Robert S. Nisbett; Thomas R. 52 U.S. C. ................................... 252/8.5A; 175/64; Weaver; John H. Tregoning 252/8.5 B; 252/8.55 B; 252/188 58) Field of Search .............. 252/8.5 A, 8.5 B, 8.5 C, 57 ABSTRACT 252/8.55 D, 188; 166/279, 310, 175/64; This invention relates to methods and additives for 423/515, 512 R, 265 scavenging oxygen dissolved and entrained in liquids (56) References Cited which are particularly suitable for removing dissolved and entrained oxygen from polymer-containing fluids U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS used in drilling and completing well bores as well as 1,810,663 6/1931 Kritchevsky et al................ 252/188 water flood and other procedures carried out in the oil 1,810,665 6/1931 Kritchevsky et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry. IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013
    International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Division VIII Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation Division Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry. IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. Prepared for publication by Henri A. Favre and Warren H. Powell, Royal Society of Chemistry, ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4 Chapter P-6 APPLICATIONS TO SPECIFIC CLASSES OF COMPOUNDS (continued) (P-66 to P-69) (continued from P-60 to P-65) P-60 Introduction P-61 Substitutive nomenclature: prefix mode P-62 Amines and imines P-63 Hydroxy compounds, ethers, peroxols, peroxides and chalcogen analogues P-64 Ketones, pseudoketones and heterones, and chalcogen analogues P-65 Acids and derivatives P-66 Amides, hydrazides, nitriles, aldehydes P-67 Oxoacids used as parents for organic compounds P-68 Nomenclature of other classes of compounds P-69 Organometallic compounds P-66 AMIDES, IMIDES, HYDRAZIDES, NITRILES, AND ALDEHYDES, P-66.0 Introduction P-66.1 Amides P-66.2 Imides P-66.3 Hydrazides P-66.4 Amidines, amidrazones, hydrazidines, and amidoximes (amide oximes) P-66.5 Nitriles P-66.6 Aldehydes P-66.0 INTRODUCTION The classes dealt with in this Section have in common the fact that their retained names are derived from those of acids by changing the ‘ic acid’ ending to a class name, for example ‘amide’, ‘ohydrazide’, ‘nitrile’, or ‘aldehyde’. Their systematic names are formed substitutively by the suffix mode using one of two types of suffix, one that includes the carbon atom, for example, ‘carbonitrile’ for –CN, and one that does not, for example, ‘-nitrile’ for –(C)N. Amidines are named as amides, hydrazidines as hydrazides, and amidrazones as amides or hydrazides.
    [Show full text]
  • Decomposition of Dithionates Dissertation
    DECOMPOSITION OF DITHIONATE S DISSE RTATI ON PRESEN TE D IN PA RTIAL F%LFI L LM EN T O F TH E REQ %IREM ENTS FO R THE D EG REE O F DO C TO R O F PHI LO SO PH Y IN THE G RA D%A TE S C H O O L O F THE O HIO STATE %N I%ERSITY BY JACOB CORNOG 1921 TABLE O F C ONTE NTS R eview of th e Lit er atur e P ertin ent t o th e Form ation and f t t po sition o Di hiona es . Aim s of th e Pr es ent Work on of B ar i um Dithionate a x e e t al of V riou s Dithionates (E p rim n . ) G en eral C on sider ation s an d Proc edur e T he D ecompo s ition of Barium Dithion at e of Some Other Dithionat es th e Lit eratur e P LYT H I O A T E I . T H E O N S H Dithionic acid , 2 8 2 0 6 , the first ember of this remarkable 1 - group of acids , was discovered in 9 by Welter and Gay Lus 1 5“ sacl H 1 842 Lan lo i s z ; trithionic acid , 2 S 3 0 6 , in , by g ; tetrathionic H 1 843 G elis 3 a acid , 2 8 4 0 6 , in , by Fordos and ; pent thionic acid , H 8 0 1 845 Wacken roder“ hexathi 2 5 6 , in , by ; finally potassium K 1 88 5 onate , Q S 6 , was discovered in 8 by D ebu s as a part of ’ roder his classic investigation of Wacken s solution .
    [Show full text]