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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment CASA-1000

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment CASA-1000 Tajikistan MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND WATER RESOURCES OSHC “BARQI TOJIK” Public Disclosure Authorized CASA 1000 Project Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental and Social Impact Assessment CASA-1000 TRANSMISSION LINE - NORTH SEGMENT Volume 1 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Dushanbe, October 10,2020 1 TABLE OF CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 8 I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 14 II. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................................................................... 17 2.1. Legal framework for environmental protection ............................................................................... 17 2.2. Legal framework for Environmental Assessment ............................................................................ 19 2.3. Environmental Permits and Licences 22 2.4. Community and workforce 23 2.5. Workforce and Labour Conditions 24 2.6. Land Regulation 29 2.7. National Legislation on Access to Information and Public Engagement 32 2.8. Gender Issues 32 III. WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS ................................ 33 IV. THE COMPARISON OF NATIONAL AND WB EA REQUIREMENTS ................................... 36 V. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................. 40 5.1. CASA-1000 Project components in Tajikistan ........................................................................... 40 5.1.1. Description of 500 HVAC transmission line route ( North T/L segment) .......................... 40 5.1.2. Right of way (ROW) ........................................................................................................... 42 5.1.3. Design aspects ..................................................................................................................... 42 5.1.4. Сonductors and line configuration ...................................................................................... 43 5.1.5. Towers ................................................................................................................................. 43 5.1.6. Work force.......................................................................................................................... 44 5.1.7. Construction/labor cams ...................................................................................................... 44 5.1.8. Construction procedure ....................................................................................................... 46 5.1.9. Clearing ROW ..................................................................................................................... 46 5.1.10. Tower foundations and tower erection ................................................................................ 46 5.1.11. Blasting works 47 5.1.12. Stringing of conductors and overhead ground wire ............................................................ 48 5.1.13. Access roads 50 5.1.14. Operation and maintenance arrangements .......................................................................... 50 VI. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 51 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE .................................................................................................. 57 7.1. Physical Environment ................................................................................................................. 57 7.1.1. Topography, Geology and soils ........................................................................................... 57 7.1.2. Geohazards and Seismicity 58 7.2. Air and Climate ................................................................................................................................ 60 7.2.1. Water resources ......................................................................................................................... 63 7.3. Biological environment ................................................................................................................ 65 7.3.1. Flora and Forest resources ................................................................................................... 65 7.3.2. Fauna ......................................................................................................................................... 67 7.3.3. Aviafauna and IBA.................................................................................................................... 70 7.3.4. Migratory corridors ................................................................................................................... 71 7.3.5. Protected areas, rare and endangered species ............................................................................ 72 7.3.6. Cultural heritage 75 VIII. SOCIOECONOMIC BASELINE ................................................................................................... 76 8.1. Methodology for socioeconomic baseline and impact identification .............................................. 76 8.2. Social and Demographic Characteritcs of the country ............................................................... 76 8.2.1. Average income level 76 8.2.2. Population data by gender and age categories 76 2 8.2.3. Poverty and other social inequalities 77 8.2.4. Gender equality 78 8.3. Social and Demographic Characteristics of the Sughd region 79 8.4. Social and Demographic Characteristics of the Project Areas ..................................................... 81 IX. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ............................................ 87 X. POTENTIAL SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATIONS ............................................................ 98 10.1. Social impacts ................................................................................................................................ 98 10.1.1. Land acquisitions and resettlement impacts .......................................................................... 100 10.1.2. Impact to agriculture and livelihood activities .................................................................... 100 10.1.3. Relocation of Private/Public Infrastructure ........................................................................... 100 10.1.4. Local economy and Employment generation ........................................................................ 101 10.1.5. Labor risks, including labor influx, child labor, gender based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, and sexual harassment .................................................................................................... 102 10.1.6. Workers Health and Safety 108 10.1.7. Community safety and health ................................................................................................ 109 10.1.7. Community infrastructure and services ................................................................................. 111 10.1.8 Presence of Vulnerable groups ............................................................................................... 111 10.1.9. Cultural Heritage ................................................................................................................... 112 10.1.10. Cumulative impacts 112 10.2. Proposed Mitigation measures .................................................................................................. 120 10.2.1. Land Acquisition and Resettlement ...................................................................................... 120 10.2.2. Impact to agriculture and livelihood activities ...................................................................... 120 10.2.3. Impact on local economy and Employment generation ........................................................ 120 10.2.4. Labor influx ........................................................................................................................... 121 10.2.5. Community safety and health ................................................................................................ 121 10.2.6. COVID 19 Infection control ................................................................................................... 122 10.2.7. Community infrastructure and services ................................................................................. 123 10.2.8. Impact on vulnerable groups ................................................................................................. 123 XI. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) ................................................................. 125 11.1. ESMP objectives ....................................................................................................................... 125 11.2. Thematic Management Plans ....................................................................................................... 149 11.3. Environmental and Social Compliance Framework………………………………… … 150 11.3.1. Contractor’s ESMP Implementation Plan .............................................................................. 150 11.3.2 Construction Contractor Management ................................................................................... 150 11.3.3. Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements .......................................................
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