Ŏŕŕŋōŕŋňśŏŧ Őţŗŋţŏřřňŕň Ť Ŋŭ Şśőśŗŕʼn

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Ŏŕŕŋōŕŋňśŏŧ Őţŗŋţŏřřňŕň Ť Ŋŭ Şśőśŗŕʼn ŤŋŭşŚőŚŗŕʼn ŎŕŕŊŌŕŊŇśŏŦőŢŗŊŢŎŘřŇŔŇ ЗООГЕОГРАФИЯ КЫРГЫЗСТАНА УДК 59 ББК 28.685 Ш – 95 Рекомендовано Ученым Советом Бишкекской Финансово-Экономической Академии Ш–95 Зоогеография Кыргызстана. Шукуров Э.Дж. – Б.: 2016. – 186 с., илл. Рецензенты: д.б.н., проф. Правоторов Г. В. проф. кафедры Новосибирский Гос. Мед. Университет д.б.н., Ионов Р.Н., главн. научный сотрудник Биолого-почвенный институт НАН КР ISBN 978-9967-08-602-9 В книге рассматриваются закономерности территориального распределения фауны и зо- огеографическое районирование Кыргызстана, эколого-фаунистические комплексы и состав населения птиц и млекопитающих в зависимости от среды обитания. Дается краткий очерк распределения мигрирующих птиц в пространстве и времени в период весенних и осенних массовых миграций. Обсуждаются также прикладные аспекты, связанные с дикой фауной: рациональным природопользованием, охраной животного мира, участием наземных позво- ночных в поддержании природноочаговых инфекций и т.п. Публикация рассчитана на зоологов, зоогеографов, специалистов по охране природы, преподавателей и студентов биологического профиля. Ш 1805040900-16 УДК 59 ББК 28.685 ISBN 978-9967-08-602-9 © Шукуров Э.Дж., 2016 Коротко об авторе Коротко об авторе Эмиль Джапарович Шукуров - сын одного из основателей народного образования, кыргызского языковедения, Кыргызской Академии наук Джапара Шукуровича Шукурова (1906-1963). Доктор географических наук, кандидат биологических наук, заслуженный де- ятель науки КР, председатель Экологического Движения Кыргызстана «Алейне», член Меж- дународного Социально-Экологического Союза, ассоциированный член Fauna and Flora International. Награжден медалью «Данк». Научная деятельность связана с изучением экологии, географии живой природы Кыргы- зстана, философскими проблемами естествознания. Автор более 350 научных публикаций, вкючая около 40 брошюр и монографий, 14 карт. Инициатор и участник нескольких десятков крупных проектов по изучению и охране природы. 3 ЗООГЕОГРАФИЯ КЫРГЫЗСТАНА ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ Введение .............................................................................................................................................................................6 Глава 1. История изучения. ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Глава 2. Методологические проблемы зоогеографии Кыргызстана ........................................................ 16 Глава 3. Биогеографические аспекты охраны животного мира Кыргызстана ...................................... 23 3.1. Состояние и тенденции сохранения видового разнообразия ............................................................23 3.2. Состояние и тенденции изменения экосистем ...........................................................................................25 3.3. Разнообразие и состояние флоры и фауны Кыргызстана .....................................................................36 3.4. Антропогенные факторы, влияющие на биоразнообразие ................................................................39 Глава 4. Эколого-фаунистические комплексы .................................................................................................. 43 4.1. Систематический состав фауны позвоночных ............................................................................................43 4.2. Эколого-фаунистический анализ .......................................................................................................................46 4.3. Эколого-фаунистические комплексы ...............................................................................................................46 4.3.1. Эколого-фаунистический комплекс Северной и Умеренной Палеарктики и широкораспространенные палеарктические виды ...............................49 4.3.2 Эколого-фаунистический комплекс Южной Палеарктики ...................................................50 4.3.3. Эколого-фаунистический комплекс Западной части Южной Палеарктики ................51 4.3.4. Комплекс видов Восточной части Южной Палеарктики ......................................................52 4.3.5. Комплекс видов Средней Азии и Казахстана ..............................................................................52 4.3.6. Фаунистический комплекс Центральной Азии ...........................................................................52 4.3.7. Фаунистический комплекс Южной Азии .......................................................................................53 4.3.8. Фаунистический комплекс европейских видов .........................................................................53 4.3.9. Европейско-Сибирский фаунистический комплекс .................................................................53 4.3.10. Восточно-Палеарктический комплекс .........................................................................................53 4.3.11. Участие видов различных фаунистических комплексов в формировании фауны ........................................................................................................................53 Глава 5. Зоогеографическое районирование Кыргызстана ......................................................................... 55 5.1. Краткий обзор развития представлений о зоогеографическом членении Кыргызстана ...........................................................................................................................................56 5.2. Схема зоогеографического районирования ................................................................................................58 5.2.1. Джунгарская провинция. Южно-Казахстанский округ ..........................................................61 5.2.2. Туранская провинция. Ферганский округ ......................................................................................62 5.2.3. Нагорно-Азиатская провинция ..........................................................................................................64 5.2.3.1. Алайский округ ..........................................................................................................................64 5.2.3.2. Западно-Тяньшанский округ ...............................................................................................66 5.2.3.3. Северо-Тяньшанский округ ..................................................................................................68 5.2.3.4. Иссык-Кульский округ .............................................................................................................70 5.2.3.5. Внутренне-Тяньшанский округ ...........................................................................................73 5.2.3.6. Центрально-Тяньшанский округ ........................................................................................75 Глава 6. Население наземных позвоночных ..................................................................................................... 77 6.1. Комплексные местообитания наземных позвоночных ...........................................................................80 6.2. Объект и предмет картографирования населения наземных позвоночных ...............................81 6.3. Классификация и типология населения наземных позвоночных Кыргызстана .........................84 6.4. Обзор населения наземных позвоночных ....................................................................................................86 6.4.1. Комплекс населения еловых лесов...................................................................................................87 6.4.2. Комплекс населения арчевых лесов ................................................................................................87 4 ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ 6.4.3. Комплекс населения широколиственных лесов ........................................................................87 6.4.4. Комплекс населения тугаев ..................................................................................................................88 6.4.5. Комплекс населения мелколиственных лесов и облепишников .......................................88 6.4.6. Комплекс населения среднегорных листопадных кустарников ........................................88 6.4.7. Комплекс населения среднегорных петрофильных кустарников .....................................88 6.4.8. Комплекс населения савваноидов ....................................................................................................89 6.4.9. Комплекс населения миндальников и фисташников ...............................................................89 6.4.10. Комплекс населения нивально-субнивального пояса .........................................................89 6.4.11. Комплекс населения криофитных лугов ......................................................................................90 6.4.12. Комплекс населения криофитных степей ...................................................................................90 6.4.13. Комплекс населения криофотных пустынь ................................................................................90 6.4.14. Комплекс населения среднегорных лугов ..................................................................................90 6.4.15. Комплекс населения среднегорных степей ...............................................................................91 6.4.16. Комплекс населения среднегорных пустынь ............................................................................91 6.4.17. Комплекс населения предгорных степей ....................................................................................91
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