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The Lockheed Era

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The Lockheed Era Vol. XVI No. 3 July—August, 1975 Price $1.55 Registered for posting as a periodical Category B. Aviation Historical Society OF Australia TOURNAL Founded 1959 D The Lockheed Era :||ii wiws I I Guinea Airways Lockheed 10A VH—UXH at Mascot Aerodrome. P.J. Ricketts H WllMiiiilii Ansett's Lockheed 10B VH—UZP "Ansalanta" at Mascot. via. F. Walters iiiil m ife>iIII Guinea Airways Lockheed 10A VH-UXI at Mascot. Reddall Collection Guinea Airways Lockheed 10A VH-UXH at Mascot. P.J. Ricketts AVIATION HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA JOURNAL -29- Vol. XVI No. 3 July—August 1975 Patron: Sir Donald Anderson CBE President: Dr. L.V. Turner THE LOCKHEED ERA by G. Goodall Vice President: R.J. Gibson Secretary: G.H. Stone The Civil Use of Lockheed 10-18 Series in Australia Treasurer: P.J. Ricketts Journal Distribution: C.H. O'Neill (This is the first of a series of three articles on this subject by the author. Journal Editors: P.J. Ricketts F. Walters The remaining two parts will be published in later Journals) Photo Pages - Layout J. Gallagher A sleek pale blue Lockheed 12A parked on the grass at Sydney's Movements: E.S. Favelle Bankstown Airport, and a portly orange blue and white Lockheed Hudson parked Register Editor: J.L. Bell on the apron at Tamworth Airport in northern NSW are the two remaining air­ Museum Notes: P.N. Anderson worthy examples In Australia of a line of transport aircraft that are just as signi­ Contributors: ficant to this country's aviation history as the Douglas DC-3. ¥ R. McDonald N. Apperley M. Davis A. Hope Lockheed's series of twin-finned, twin-engined transports entered Aus­ K. Kerle P. Lea tralia at the same time as the DC-2 was introduced, out-lived that type, and R. Cuskehy D.C. Eyre went on to fly the same miscellany of duties as its bigger cousin the DC—3. Pre­ G. Reid J. Vella war Australian airlines flew the Lockheed 10 Electra and the Model 14 Super Western Airletter Electra; with World War Two came the military Model 414 Hudson bomber and South Australian Air Journal the Model 18 Lodestar transport as well as the ultimate development in the Lae Aviation News Ventura bomber; and with the return of peace a new era In the use of Lockheeds Qantas News in Australia when large numbers of military Lockheeds were sold cheaply through disposals and converted for a fascinating range of short-lived airlines, long­ Contents Page distance charter operators, and aerial survey. The Lockheed Era 29 Monthly Notes - Civil 33 The story of these impressive aircraft can be effectively broken up Military 34 into three periods: — Third Level 34 THE PRE-WAR PERIOD: People 35 Museum 35 The introduction of Lockheed airliners into Australia can be attributed Papua New Guinea 36 to the disastrous early career of the de Havilland D.H.86 Express Liner which A Message from the President 36 had been ordered by the newly-formed Holyman's Airways Pty Ltd for their Melbourne-Launceston service and Qantas Empire Airways for their section Australia—Singapore of the Empire Air Mail Scheme. All manuscripts for publication in the Journal should be typed (if possible) Holyman's began their new DH.86 service across Bass Strait on double spaced using one side of each October 1, 1934, and eighteen days later their flagship DH.86 VH—URN Miss sheet only. All work on this Journal Hobart fell into the sea off Wilson's Promontory, Victoria with the loss of is voluntary and no payment can be twelve lives including Victor Holyman. Less than a month later on November 15, made for published material. 1934 Qantas' second DH.86A VH-USG crashed soon after departing Longreach, Membership is for one full calendar Queensland on the last stage of its long delivery flight from England to Brisbane, year commencing March 1st. Annual killing all four on board. membership fees of $10.00 (Australian The subsequent grounding of the DH.86 type and the publicity of currency) will be due for renewal the extensive investigations into the cause of these two accidents placed both during February each year. airlines in extremely difficult situations, and caused Ivan Holyman to firmly Published by: Aviation Historical challenge the Australian Government Customs Ban on the Importation of Society of Australia Limited, American aircraft. He claimed that the American aircraft industry had far- Box C.208, Clarence Street, superior all-metal monoplane airliners to offer than the British manufacturers Sydney, NSW, 2000. with whom Australian operators had been forced to deal with solely up to date because of the embargo on American aircraft and the conditions of Government Printed by: Legal Copying Co. Pty. airmail contracts which specified the use of British aircraft only. Holyman won Limited, 44 Margaret Street, his fight with the lifting of the Customs Ban, but not before another five lives Sydney, NSW, 2000. had been lost in the DH.86 VH-URT Liona in the sea off Flinders Island on October 2, 1935 and had a narrow escape from more deaths when DH.86A VH-USW Lepena crash-landed on the small and rugged Hunter Island on © 1975 Aviation Historical December 13, 1935 after the interplane struts broke away in flight and the Society of Australia pilot believed the wings were about to collapse — incredibly none of the eight on board were seriously hurt, and the aircraft was later salvaged by boat and ISSN 0045-1185 rebuilt. Holyman ordered the DC-2 and established Australian National Airways Ltd to operate the new aircraft. In Melbourne in 1935 Brown & Dureau Ltd, a subsidiary of the firm E.L. Heymanson Pty Ltd, formed an aviation division under the former Chief Pilot of Adastra Airways in Sydney, Mr. Norman Adam. Brown & Dureau anticipated the lifting of the Government ban on American aircraft, and negotiated the Australian agency for Lockheed and Consolidated-Vultee aircraft, as well as Pratt & Whitney aero engines. Aviation Historical Society of Australia Journal - 30 - July—August 1975 The company then enthusiastically promoted the Lockheed 10 Electra to the Australian airlines — carrying ten passengers the Electra cruised at 185mph powered by two 450hp Wasp Juniors. In March 1936 their first big sale was announced when Guinea Airways Ltd's Chairman C.V.T. Wells announced in Adelaide that they had placed an order for one L.10 Electra and one L.12A, this order later being changed to two Electras. The following year Brown & Dureau accepted orders for three Electras for Ansett Airways, two for M.M.A. in Western Australia, and a VIP L.12A for the Zinc Corporation. Also in 1937 a significant success was recorded with the firm order by Guinea Airways of the new L.14 Super Electra off the drawing-board before the prototype had been flown, and this was followed by the first military contracts when the RAAF ordered an initial batch of 50 Hudson bombers and 17 Convair Catalinas. Australia's first Lockheed twin import was the L.10A Electra c/n 1060 which came off the production at Bur­ bank, California on March 3, 1936. Three months later it left San Francisco asdeck-cargo on board S.S. Hauraki for Adelaide for Guinea Airways. The new aircraft caused much interest while the ship was docked at Dunedin, NZ en route, and arrived at Port Adelaide on July 30. After assembly at Parafield aerodrome by Guinea Airways under the supervision of Mr. Vernon Dorrell, Lockheed's representative from USA, the Electra was test-flown by Dorrell on August 5. Local press reports quoted Dorrell as saying the aircraft performed well, and that Parafield was one of the best flying-fields anywhere in the world. Registered VH—UXH and named CJ. Levien after Guinea's founder, the Lockheed flew to Essendon on September 3 for a series of demonstration flights for Brown & Dureau, and then departed for New Guinea flown by Guinea's Chief Pilot Eric Chater, arriving at Wau on September 19, amidst a blaze of publicity. Guinea Airways' new Lockheed was used for internal flights in New Guinea as well as occasional charter flights down to the Australian mainland, but was found not to be economical to the company's New Guinea operations, and in February 1937 the airline surveyed a new and desolate route so far not attempted by any other company, Adelaide—Alice Springs—Darwin. The Electra was ideally suited for the long stages of this route and the service was commenced by VH-UXH. The second Electra VH-UXI arrived at Port Adelaide in late July 1937 on board S.S. Mirrabooka and after assembly at Parafield joined its sister on the Darwin route. Surplus plant and men were transferred to Adelaide from Guinea's successful New Guinea operations, and the two Electras settled down on the weekly return flight to Darwin. Two months later the third Electra VH-AAU arrived at Port Melbourne on board the S.S. Wairuna on September 29 and was assembled at Essendon by Brown & Dureau, then ferried to Adelaide. The service was then increased to twice-return weekly, over the initial route of Adelaide-Farina-Oodnadatta-Alice Springs-Tennant Creek-Daly Waters-Katherine-Darwin. In July 1938 a Government contract was negotiated to carry airmail three times per week Adelaide—Darwin to connect with the new Empire Flying Boat Service to England, and it was in anticipation of this contract that Guinea had ordered the bigger L.14 Super Electra which carried 14 passengers and cruised at 230mph. This aircraft VH—ABI arrived at Port Adelaide in early June 1938 and was assembled at Parafield under the supervision of Lockheed test-pilot Mr.
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