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Tana River Delta Strategic Environmental Assessment Scoping Report 2012 Compiled by: Peter Odhengo , Paul Matiku, John Nyangena, King’uru Wahome, Benard Opaa, Serah Munguti, George Koyier, Peter Nelson, Eugene Mnyamwezi and Paul Misati Edited by: Fleur Ng’weno, Peter Odhengo, John Nyangena, Paul Matiku, Serah Munguti and Robert Mounde Lead institutions: Offi ce of the Prime Minister; Ministry of Lands; Ministry of State for Planning, National Development and Vision 2030 and Nature Kenya Design & layout by: Ernest Mwongela Collaborating Institutions: Ministry of Water & Irrigation; Ministry of Agriculture; Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources; Ministry of Information and Communication; Ministry of Fisheries Development; Ministry of Livestock Development; Ministry of State for Planning, National Development and Vision 2030; Ministry of Lands; Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife; Ministry of Finance; Ministry of State for Provincial Administration and Internal Security; Ministry of Tourism; Ministry of Local Government; Ministry of Energy,Government Agencies: Kenya Forest Service; National Environment Management Authority; National Museums of Kenya; Tana and Athi Rivers Development Authority; Kenya Wildlife Service; Imarisha Naivasha Board and Civil Society: Nature Kenya - The East Africa Natural History Society; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and World Wide Fund for Nature. Technical Advisor: Peter Nelson GIS Expert: Dickens Odeny External Advisor: Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment The Ecosystem Alliance: Tana River Delta Strategic Environmental Assessment Scoping Report, 2012 i Members of the Inter-Ministerial Technical Committee on Sustainable Management of Deltas in Kenya NO. NAME ORGANIZATION 1. Anderson Koyo Imarisha Board - Naivasha 2. Paul Matiku Nature Kenya 3. Robert Ndetei World Wide Fund for Nature 4. Kenneth Waithiru Ministry of Finance 5. Benard Opaa National Environment Management Authority 6. Fred Omego Kenya Wildlife Service 7. Judith Nyunja Kenya Wildlife Service 8. John Nyangena Ministry of State for Planning, National Development &Vision 2030 9. Joan Gichuki Nature Kenya 10. Richard Fox Imarisha Board - Naivasha 11. Samuel Gitonga Tana and Athi Rivers Development Authority 12. Naftali Abuya Ministry of Regional Development Authorities 13. Patrick Adolwa Ministry of Local Government 14. Patrick Waweru Ministry of Lands 15. Brian Waswala Kenya Wildlife Service 16. Daniel M. Mbithi Kenya Forest Service 17. Ernest Mwongela Nature Kenya 18. Serah Munguti Nature Kenya 19. Zephania O. Ouma National Environment Management Authority 20. George A. Koyier Ministry of Water and Irrigation 21. Verity Mghanga Offi ce of the Prime Minister 22. Emily Boro Offi ce of the Prime Minister 23. Dan O. Oguda Ministry of Agriculture 24. King’uru Wahome Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources 25. Dickson O. Nyandiga Ministry of Information and Communication 26. Dr. K. I. Ondimu National Environment Management Authority 27. Robert Mounde Offi ce of the Prime Minister 28. Peter Odhengo Offi ce of the Prime Minister 29. Bahati Mwita Offi ce of the Prime Minister 30. Eugene Mnyamwezi Ministry of Water and Irrigation 31. Sammy Kathike Ministry of Lands 32. Jane Kibwage Ministry of Fisheries Development 33. Dickens Odeny National Museums of Kenya 34. Benjamin Tuikong Ministry of Information and Communication 35. Sam Kosgei Ministry of Energy 36. Patrick Oloo Ministry of Water and Irrigation 37. David Gitonga Ministry of Tourism Copyright © Government of Kenya, 2012 Recommended citation: Odhengo P. Matiku P., Nyangena J., Wahome K., Opaa B., Munguti S., Koyier G., Nelson P., Mnyamwezi E., and Misati P. (2012). Tana River Delta Strategic Environmental Assessment Scoping Report. Published by the Ministry of Lands, Physical Planning Department P.O. Box 30450 GPO, Nairobi 00100, Kenya Phone (+254) (0) 20 2718050/2716822 Fax (+ 254) (0) 20 2721248 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.lands.go.ke ii Tana River Delta Strategic Environmental Assessment Scoping Report, 2012 Foreword trategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a new phenomenon in Kenya and indeed in Africa. SEA is Sa proactive tool which helps to maximize sustainable economic development opportunities, while also identifying potential adverse effects of policies, plans and programmes on human welfare and natural systems. Recently, the Tana River Delta has experienced environmental and land use changes due to rising population and competition for land, water and other natural resources. These changes, coupled with declining water fl ows in the Tana River, and effects of climate change and variability, have threatened the sustainability and even the continuing existence of the Delta. Lack of a general framework to guide decision making on developments within the Delta has not helped the situation. In July 2011, the Offi ce of the Prime Minister (OPM) established an Inter-Ministerial Technical Committee composed of 18 ministries to coordinate the sustainable management of Dr. Isahakia Mohamed, CBS Deltas in Kenya starting with the Tana Delta. In September Permanent Secretary, 2011, the Government, through the Ministry of Lands and with Offi ce of the Prime Minister involvement of other agencies coordinated by the OPM, started preparing a Land Use Plan (LUP) for the Tana River Delta to guide policy formulation and decision-making on future development of the Delta. The LUP will signifi cantly infl uence the way land is allocated to various users and interest groups. Given the implications of the LUP on the sustainable development of the Delta, there is need to subject it to the process of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). The Tana River Delta SEA Scoping Report is a description of the breadth and depth of issues that will be considered in carrying out a full SEA for the Delta. The Scoping Report is hinged on the draft SEA Guidelines set out by the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). The SEA is a response to the need to harmonize the different, and sometimes confl icting, land uses in the Delta. The Tana Delta SEA Scoping Report sets a precedent on mainstreaming environmental, social, economic and cultural considerations into land use planning in Kenya. In particular, the planned development of land use plans for fi ve other river deltas in the country will benefi t from this report. Government ministries, lead agencies, non-government organizations, local communities and international experts were involved in a series of meetings that informed the contents of this report. The excellent collaboration between the Kenya Government, civil society, local community structures and international experts in the production of this report is in the true spirit of the new Constitution of Kenya, 2010. Planners, environmentalists, decision makers, local authorities, communities, developers and other interest groups are encouraged to use this report as an example of actualizing the inter-linkages between environmental sustainability,ustainan bility, human livelivelihoods and development. Dr. Isahakia Mohamed, CBS Permanent Secretary Offi ce of the Prime Minister Tana River Delta Strategic Environmental Assessment Scoping Report, 2012 iii Acronyms 0C degrees centigrade LM Lower Midland zones AEZ Agro-ecological zonation lu Livestock Units CBD Convention on Biological Diversity LUP Land Use Plan CEDAW Convention on Elimination of all forms of LUP/SEA Land Use Plan/Strategic Environment Assessment Discrimination against Women m3 Metres cubed CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered MDG’s Millennium Development Goals Species mm millimetres CL Coastal Lowland Mt. Mount cm centimetre NEMA National Environment Management Authority CSO Civil Society Organisation NGO’s Non Government Organisations Cumecs Cubic metres per second OECD-DAC Organisation for Economic Cooperation and EIA Environment Impact Assessment Development Assistance Committee EIA/EA Environment Impact Assessment/Environment OPM Offi ce of the Prime Minister Audit PAC Planning Advisory Committee EPS Economic Stimulus Plan PGF Planning Green Futures GIS Geographic Information System PPP Policy, Plans and Programmes Ha hectares RSPB Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (UK) hr. Hour SEA Strategic Environment Assessment IBA Important Bird Area TA Tropical Alpine IMTC Inter-Ministerial Technical Committee TARDA Tana and Athi Rivers Development Authority IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature TDP Tana Delta Project Kengen Kenya Electricity Generating Company UH Upper Highland KFS Kenya Forest Service UM Upper Midland Km kilometres UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Km2 kilometres squared Desertifi cation KWS Kenya Wildlife Service UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate L/IL Lowland/Inner lowland Change LAPSSET Lamu Port-Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport WG Working group corridor WRMA Water Resource Management Authority LH Lower Highland WRUAs Water Resource Users Associations iv Tana River Delta Strategic Environmental Assessment Scoping Report, 2012 Table of contents Foreword iii ACRONYMS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vii 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Land Use Plan 3 1.3 Legal Context for SEA 3 1.4 Goal and objectives of the SEA 5 2.0 MAIN ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED 6 2.1 Introduction 6 2.2 Development 6 2.3 Community Concerns 7 2.4 Land and Water Issues 7 2.5 Land Use Planning 8 2.6 Summary of Issues 9 3.0 SITUATION ANALYSIS 10 3.1 Climate and Land Cover 10 3.2 Soils and Geology 11 3.3 Irrigation
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