How Nellie Bly Cracked a Gender Barrier by Pioneering Investigative Journalism
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Underestimating Women in Journalism: How Nellie Bly Cracked a Gender Barrier By Pioneering Investigative Journalism Sadie Anderson and Elizabeth Juckem Junior Division Group Performance Process Paper: 475 words Before our research journey began, neither of us had any clue what direction our project would take us. However, one of us had an extensive knowledge and love for history. The book, “Rejected Princesses” written by Jason Porath, had listed many powerful women in history. Nellie Bly grabbed our attention, leading us both to the direction of such a powerful and courageous woman. We had researched Nellie Bly, looked at her past writing pieces and we were intrigued by her boldness. We then dove headfirst into learning about women and investigative journalism. We began our research from the primary source, “Ten Days in a Mad House”, which was Nellie Bly’s own writing. We had read about the depths she went to, to achieve justice for the less fortunate. We then went from her book and turned to secondary sources in regards to getting a better understanding of her experiences. Websites like Chronicling America, Library of Congress, Mental Floss, and The Smithsonian, which is an online magazine, explained the environment women, similar to Nellie Bly, had to endure during this period of history. From there, we had the task of bringing all of our vast understanding of Nellie Bly together. Initially, we had the idea of only doing Nellie Bly’s “Ten Days in a Madhouse” story and only focusing on mental health barriers. However, as we dug deeper for research, we realized Nellie Bly had broken a bigger barrier: sexism. We were shocked to discover how many conflicts Bly had faced while trying to be a successful journalist in New York in the late 1800s. Many sources had explained the harsh attitude from men that Bly endured during a time when gender discrimination was normal. Bly wanted to inspire girls to join the workforce and wanted to prove that women could do anything a man could do. Bly wanted to show her male colleagues she could write stories that are hard-hitting and powerful instead of “girly” topics. Our main goal of this performance was achieving a good representation of a major person in history and highlighting this through oral communication. We emphasised our nonverbal communication through our costumes, props, and expressions while acting out the performance. However, the major obstacle was the strenuous task of displaying all of our knowledge under the course of ten minutes. This developed skills to be more concise with our writing and able to narrow down facts and focus on the major points instead of interesting, yet unnecessary, minor details. Through her determination and perseverance, Nellie Bly cracked gender barriers. During a time when female voices were silenced, she contributed to the women’s suffrage movement, brought awareness and improvements to numerous social issues, and proved women are just as qualified as men. Today, as young women, our voices have become one of our strongest weapons in advocating our rights and liberties. Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources "All the Doctors Fooled." The World [New York City], Oct. 1887, sec. 5, p. 1. Undercover Reporting , sites.dlib.nyu.edu/undercover/follow-all-doctors-fooled-they-try-explain-nellie-blys-sta y-insane-asylum-nellie-bly-new-york-world. This article describes how the doctor diagnosed and treated meanally ill patients. Direct quotes from this newspaper were used for our script. "Behind Asylum Bars." The World [New York City], 9 Oct. 1887, sec. 25, pp. 1-5. Undercover Reporting , dlib.nyu.edu/undercover/i-behind-asylum-bars-nellie-bly-new-york-world. Drawings of Nellie Bly during different times of her writing career aided us visually understanding the process of going undercover for Ten Days In a Madhouse. We incorporated the drawings of her staring into the mirror and other actions into our performance. Bly, Nellie. Around the World in Seventy-Two Days . New York City, Pictorial Weeklies, 1890. "Around the World in Seventy-Two Days" is a primary source from Nellie Bly, in which her writing was featured throughout the performance. This helped us strengthen the performance and gave the opportunity to strengthen our performance. Bly, Nellie. Ten days in a mad-house . Ian L. Munro, 1887. The book, "Ten Days in a Mad-House" was a primary source of Nellie Bly's writing. The book explained the horrors and conditions of the asylum that my partner and I explained in our project. "New York, Thursday, November 14, 1889." The World [New York City], 14 Nov. 1890, sec. 1, p. 1. Chronicling America , chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030193/1889-11-14/ed-3/seq-1/#date1=11%2F01 %2F1889&sort=date&date2=12%2F01%2F1924&searchType=advanced&language=& sequence=0&index=3&words=Bly+Nellie&proxdistance=5&state=New+York&rows= 20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Nellie+Bly&andtext=&dateFilterType=range&pag e=1. The newspaper article explained what Bly wanted to accomplish and gave quotes of Bly. The newspaper gave us a sense of what was perceived of Bly's departure through a different perspective. "Across the Continent! Nellie Bly On the Homestretch of the Great Around-the-World Race Against Time." The World [New York City], The Evening Edition ed., 25 Jan. 1890, sec. 1, p. 1. Chronicling America, chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030193/1890-01-25/ed-4/seq-4/. The New York World evening edition's article of Nellie Bly describes Bly's trip and gives eyewitness primary sources. The article providing strong primary quotes and facts, contributed to many parts throughout the performance strengthening the topic's analysis. "The Girl Puzzle." Pittsburgh Dispatch [Pittsburgh], 25 Jan. 1885. "The Girl Puzzle" was Nellie Bly's first published piece and was put in the newspaper the Pittsburgh Dispatch. "The Girl Puzzle" was the first primary source we used in our performance and made a powerful statement in the context of gender barriers. “‘The World' Their Savior." The World [New York City], 28 Oct. 1887, sec. 12, p. 1. Undercover Reporting , dlib.nyu.edu/undercover/world-their-savior-unsigned-new-york-world-0. In another, "The World" article it describes Nellie Bly's "Ten Days in a Mad-House" experience. This article contributed the short term impact Nellie Bly had made to the Blackwell Insane Asylum with her boosting the facility's funds. Wilson, Erasmus. "What Are Girls Good For." Pittsburgh Dispatch [Pittsburgh], 25 Jan. 1885. Erasmus Wilson's article created the basis of the beginning of the performance. This allowed a powerful understanding in the opening of the performance. Secondary Sources Bradner, Liesl. "Pioneering Female Reporter Nellie Bly Went Undercover and Around the World in 72 days." History.net , Feb. 2018, www.historynet.com/nellie-bly-troublemaker.htm. Accessed 3 Feb. 2020. Historynet provided us the knowledge of the writing career of Nellie Bly. The webpage spanned from Bly's early stories of her writing to her death in 1922. Braithwaite, Kate. #otd 1885- The Girl Puzzle is Published. WordPress , 25 Jan. 2019, WordPress.com. Accessed 25 Feb. 2020. WordPress's article "The Girl Puzzle is Published" gave quotes that were used for character and personality in the performance. Chen, Elaine, et al. "Mind the gap: Uncovering pay disparity in the newsroom." Voices , Asian American Journalists Association, 2017, voices.aaja.org/index/2018/8/8/pay-equity. Accessed 21 Feb. 2020. This website showed the statistics of women pay in journalism today. The authors of this website showed the salary gaps between the male and female gender and also elaborated more about the pay of women of color. Fessenden, Marissa. "Nellie Bly's Record-Breaking Trip Around the World Was, to Her Surprise, A Race." Smithsonian , Smithsonian.com, 25 Jan. 2016, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nellie-blys-record-breaking-trip-around-world- was-to-her-surprise-race-180957910/. Accessed 16 Dec. 2019. The online magazine of the Smithsonian provided the inspiration for our costume for Nellie Bly. The picture of Nellie at the beginning is where we got our inspiration for the coat, hat and size of her suitcase for our costume. Smithsonian also provided the broad idea of Around the World in 72 Days which got the project on track for the performance. Keyser, Hannah. "The Story That Launched Nellie Bly's Famed Journalism Career." Mental Floss , 5 May 2015, www.mentalfloss.com/article/63759/story-launched-nellie-blys-famed-journalism-care er. Accessed 3 Feb. 2020. The article from Mental Floss was the main source for our Historical Context in our performance. Long, Tony. "Nov. 14, 1889: Around the World in Only 72 Days." Wired.com , Condé Nast., 14 Nov. 2007, www.wired.com/2007/11/dayintech-1114/. Accessed 1 Jan. 2020. Wired.com was the provider of more in depth details for the performance. For example, giving the exact mileage of Nellie Bly's traveling and the transportation she used. Maranzani, Barbara. "Inside Nellie Bly's 10 Days in a Madhouse." Biography.com , 12 Dec. 2018, www.biography.com/news/inside-nelly-bly-10-days-madhouse. Accessed 24 June 2019. The source "Biography" covers the portion of our performance build-up. The source also describes the type of journalism she had done. Panganiban, Roma. "Nellie Bly's 72-Day Trip Around the World." Mental Floss , 17 Sept. 2013, www.mentalfloss.com/article/52745/nellie-blys-72-day-trip-around-world. Accessed 3 Feb. 2020. Mental Floss again had described her story and described the heart of the story. Pitcher, George. "The long, hard road to gender equality in journalism." Polis , 17 Sept. 2019, blogs.lse.ac.uk/polis/2019/09/17/the-long-hard-road-to-gender-equality-in-journalism/.