D 4.2–Lessons Learned – 2Nd Stage Analysis

Deliverable: D 4.2–Lessons Learned – 2nd Stage Analysis 1 Grant Agreement No.: 635973 Deliverable: D 4.2 – Lessons Learned – 2nd Stage Analysis Project Start Date: December 1st 2014 End Date: August 31st 2016 Co-ordinator: University of the Aegean Deliverable No D 4.2 Due date: 01/01/2016 Submission date: 18/01/2016 2 3 Document summary information Initials Contributing Authors Organisation Key Contributions (Chapters/Sections) AR Athena Roumboutsos University of the Aegean Coordination of research & SK Seraphim Kapros Chapters 1, 2, 9 and 10 Sections 3.1, 4.3 PM Panayota Moraiti Annexes A.1, A.2, A3.1 and A.5 IK Iosif Karousos EK Emmanouel Konstantinopoulos AP Aristeidis Pantelias UCL Sec. 2.1, 4.6, A.7 GM Goran Mladenovic University of Belgrade Coordination of research in MM Miljan Mikic Chapters 3 & 5 and JC Jelena Cirilovic Sec. 3.3, 3.8, 5.1 and 5.6 NV Nevena Vajdic PN Pierre-Francois Nouaille CEREMA Sec. 3.3 and 5.2 TG Thierry Gouin PL Pekka Leviäkangas University of Oulu Sec. 3.4 AL Agnieszka Lukasiewicz IBDIM Sec. 3.5 and 5.3 RM Rosário Macário IST Sec. 3.6 and 5.4 MO Matheus Oliveira LT Lourdes Trujillo University de Las Palmas de Chapter 8 Castellano Gran Canaria Sec. 3.7 and 5.5 FS Federico Inchausti Sintes JC Javier Campos MG Maria Manuela González CM Casiano Manrique KV Koen Verhoest University of Antwerp Coordination of research in TV Thierry Vanelslander Chapters 6, 7, 8 and EM Eleni Moschouli Chapter 6 MS Murwantara Soecipto BK Bjorn Kleizen OH Omer Hussain HV Hans Voordijk University of Twente Chapter 7 and IC Ibsen Cardenas Sec. 4.4, and A.6 JB João Bernardino TIS Sec. 4.5 JV João Vieira DC Daniela Carvalho KM Kay Mitusch KIT Sec. 4.6, A.7 CB Cornelia Bange All partners A.1 and A.2 (development of snapshots) 4 Quality Control Who Date Checked by External reviewer Yves Crozet 14/01/2016 Checked by External reviewer Cesar Queiroz 13/01/2016 Checked by External reviewer Dejan Makovsek 05/01/2016 Checked by External reviewer Astrid Molenveld (chapter 6) 21/12/2015 Checked by External reviewer Werner Rothengatter (chapters 3.1 and 4.3) 18/11/2015 Checked by Internal reviewer Champika Liyanage 12/01/2016 Checked by Internal reviewer Thierry Vaneslander/ Eleni Moschouli 08/01/2016 Checked by Task Leader Athena Roumboutsos 22/12/2016 Checked by Project Athena Roumboutsos 16/01/2016 Coordinator Disclaimer The content of the publication herein is the sole responsibility of the publishers and it does not necessarily represent the views expressed by the European Commission or its services. While the information contained in the documents is believed to be accurate, the authors(s) or any other participant in the BENEFIT consortium make no warranty of any kind with regard to this material including, but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Neither the BENEFIT Consortium nor any of its members, their officers, employees or agents shall be responsible or liable in negligence or otherwise howsoever in respect of any inaccuracy or omission herein. Without derogating from the generality of the foregoing neither the BENEFIT Consortium nor any of its members, their officers, employees or agents shall be liable for any direct or indirect or consequential loss or damage caused by or arising from any information advice or inaccuracy or omission herein. 5 Glossary Within BENEFIT certain terms are used throughout. These are described here. Collective BENEFIT database: This is the BENEFIT database consisting, at the start of the project, of seventy-five case studies of funding transport infrastructure and twenty-four country profiles. These are published data from COST Action TU1001 and the OMEGA Centre megaprojects. During the course of the project, the database will be supplemented with at least twenty-eight more cases of funding/financing infrastructure (in particular public funding/financing, which are less represented). Funding Scheme: A funding scheme is considered to be any combination of private and public income generated by or towards the infrastructure over its life cycle. These may include any combination of user contribution (tolls, fees, fares etc.) or public contributions based on direct and indirect taxation etc. Public funding may also take on the form of availability fees, shadow tolls etc. Financing Scheme: A Financing scheme is considered to be any combination of public and/or private financial investments required by the infrastructure over its life cycle. Business model: The business model describes the business case of the overall investment in the project. Depending on the context, it may be narrowed, including strictly the infrastructure projects considered, or it may be widened, including other planned and commonly designed activities in order to capture other “planning gains” (and other value-added services) and even exploiting synergies across the sectors (e.g. transport, energy, ICT). The latter incorporates the notion of innovative procurement and other approaches to infrastructure delivery, now in the pilot phase. Key Elements: Elements are groups of variable project dimensions of the same context, which influence the performance of the funding scheme and financing scheme. Elements, as noted in Figure 1.1.1 [of the proposal/contract], are the implementation environment (socio-political, micro and macroeconomic, institutional, regulatory, etc.); the transport mode (functionality; natural and contractual exclusivity, etc.); business model structure; funding scheme; financing scheme and governance and institutional arrangement (risk allocation; decision making processes; ownership rights, etc.). Typology: A typology concerns groups of factors describing a project that contribute in demonstrating a particular behaviour. Example: Negative Private investment environment type in the implementation context typology. The group of factors leading to the demonstration of this behaviour may be: poor growth forecast, lack of enabling legal framework etc. Typologies for every element (context) will be generated during the project using the collective BENEFIT database (country profiles and case studies) as field examples and desk research. Quantitative and qualitative analysis are the analytical tools that may be used. Decision Matching Framework: This is the Analysis and Decision Framework to be developed by the BENEFIT project. The framework will contain typologies influencing the overall performance of the investment. It will initially be developed using hypotheses of optimum matching between types, which are confirmed as Matching Principles (rules describing how optimum performance may be achieved) during the course of the project. As such, it could be used as an analysis tool (e.g. identification of “mismatches”) or decision tool (e.g. given the types of elements, which funding scheme type or project rating framework (expressed as the risk to match a specific financing scheme) or project rating enhancing framework (which types may be changed and in which direction to improve project rating) is most appropriate). Snapshots: These describe the project case study at various points in its life cycle through the typology indicator values at the particular point in time. 6 Executive Summary The delivery of transport infrastructure is characterised by significant complexity including multiple factors that interrelate positively or negatively leading to observed performance. Multiple actors make decisions that influence the course of development and operation. Infrastructure projects are also vulnerable to external micro and macroeconomic influence, which impact on performance. In addition, transport infrastructure produces short, medium and long term impacts with respect to the economy, the environment, institutions and society in general. Therefore, multiple stakeholders are involved with different and, many times, competitive interests. In this context, success or failure can only be subjective depending on the particular objectives of each stakeholder and how they are met through project performance over time. Considering the anticipated positive (and negative) impacts, the sunk nature of investments in transport infrastructure and the range of stakeholder interests, significant research has been devoted to the topic of funding and financing of infrastructure and its performance. Researchers have focused on particular aspects of the transport infrastructure delivery. However, this research only presents aspects of the problem as long as it is not considered with respect and in context with all other factors that may influence outcomes. The BENEFIT project takes an alternative approach. It initiates by considering transport infrastructure delivery, implementation, operation and maintenance as a system (see D3.1) bearing specific inputs and producing outputs (or outcomes) considered as the “performance” of the infrastructure investment. These outcomes may be project management related, transport goal related, investment related and other outcomes. The “system” includes key elements as illustrated in Figure 1.1.1 of this report. These “elements” have been studied and their key drivers have been aggregated to indicator – proxies (see D2.2, D2.3, D2.4 and D3.1). In this sense, the complexity of transport infrastructure funding and financing and the multiple factors involved are reduced to nine (9) indicators descriptive of the elements of the respective system: the Matching Framework as it is termed in BENEFIT. The other innovative aspect of the BENEFIT approach

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