Region of Peloponnese Investment Profile
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TUBERCULOSIS in GREECE an Experiment in the Relief and Rehabilitation of a Country by J
TUBERCULOSIS IN GREECE An Experiment in the Relief and Rehabilitation of a Country By J. B. McDOUGALL, C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P. (Ed.), F.R.S.E.; Late Consultant in Tuberculosis, Greece, UNRRA INTRODUCTION In Greece, we follow the traditions of truly great men in all branches of science, and in none more than in the science of medicine. Charles Singer has rightly said - "Without Herophilus, we should have had no Harvey, and the rise of physiology might have been delayed for centuries. Had Galen's works not survived, Vesalius would have never reconstructed anatomy, and surgery too might have stayed behind with her laggard sister, Medicine. The Hippo- cratic collection was the necessary and acknowledged basis for the work of the greatest of modern clinical observers, Sydenham, and the teaching of Hippocrates and his school is still the substantial basis of instruction in the wards of a modern hospital." When we consider the paucity of the raw material with which the Father of Medicine had to work-the absence of the precise scientific method, a population no larger than that of a small town in England, the opposition of religious doctrines and dogma which concerned themselves largely with the healing art, and a natural tendency to speculate on theory rather than to face the practical problems involved-it is indeed remarkable that we have been left a heritage in clinical medicine which has never been excelled. Nearly 2,000 years elapsed before any really vital advances were made on the fundamentals as laid down by the Hippocratic School. -
Genetics of the Peloponnesean Populations and the Theory of Extinction of the Medieval Peloponnesean Greeks
European Journal of Human Genetics (2017) 25, 637–645 Official journal of The European Society of Human Genetics www.nature.com/ejhg ARTICLE Genetics of the peloponnesean populations and the theory of extinction of the medieval peloponnesean Greeks George Stamatoyannopoulos*,1, Aritra Bose2, Athanasios Teodosiadis3, Fotis Tsetsos2, Anna Plantinga4, Nikoletta Psatha5, Nikos Zogas6, Evangelia Yannaki6, Pierre Zalloua7, Kenneth K Kidd8, Brian L Browning4,9, John Stamatoyannopoulos3,10, Peristera Paschou11 and Petros Drineas2 Peloponnese has been one of the cradles of the Classical European civilization and an important contributor to the ancient European history. It has also been the subject of a controversy about the ancestry of its population. In a theory hotly debated by scholars for over 170 years, the German historian Jacob Philipp Fallmerayer proposed that the medieval Peloponneseans were totally extinguished by Slavic and Avar invaders and replaced by Slavic settlers during the 6th century CE. Here we use 2.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms to investigate the genetic structure of Peloponnesean populations in a sample of 241 individuals originating from all districts of the peninsula and to examine predictions of the theory of replacement of the medieval Peloponneseans by Slavs. We find considerable heterogeneity of Peloponnesean populations exemplified by genetically distinct subpopulations and by gene flow gradients within Peloponnese. By principal component analysis (PCA) and ADMIXTURE analysis the Peloponneseans are clearly distinguishable from the populations of the Slavic homeland and are very similar to Sicilians and Italians. Using a novel method of quantitative analysis of ADMIXTURE output we find that the Slavic ancestry of Peloponnesean subpopulations ranges from 0.2 to 14.4%. -
Early Mycenaean Arkadia: Space and Place(S) of an Inland and Mountainous Region
Early Mycenaean Arkadia: Space and Place(s) of an Inland and Mountainous Region Eleni Salavoura1 Abstract: The concept of space is an abstract and sometimes a conventional term, but places – where people dwell, (inter)act and gain experiences – contribute decisively to the formation of the main characteristics and the identity of its residents. Arkadia, in the heart of the Peloponnese, is a landlocked country with small valleys and basins surrounded by high mountains, which, according to the ancient literature, offered to its inhabitants a hard and laborious life. Its rough terrain made Arkadia always a less attractive area for archaeological investigation. However, due to its position in the centre of the Peloponnese, Arkadia is an inevitable passage for anyone moving along or across the peninsula. The long life of small and medium-sized agrarian communities undoubtedly owes more to their foundation at crossroads connecting the inland with the Peloponnesian coast, than to their potential for economic growth based on the resources of the land. However, sites such as Analipsis, on its east-southeastern borders, the cemetery at Palaiokastro and the ash altar on Mount Lykaion, both in the southwest part of Arkadia, indicate that the area had a Bronze Age past, and raise many new questions. In this paper, I discuss the role of Arkadia in early Mycenaean times based on settlement patterns and excavation data, and I investigate the relation of these inland communities with high-ranking central places. In other words, this is an attempt to set place(s) into space, supporting the idea that the central region of the Peloponnese was a separated, but not isolated part of it, comprising regions that are also diversified among themselves. -
Don-Juan Canto III Annotated
Don Juan CANTOÛ III Gordon, Lord Byron Annotations by Peter Gallagher¤ April, 2015 You can find the free audio-book of Canto 1 of Don Juan on the iBooks Store Û ¤ [email protected] Canto 3 I Hail Muse ] Finally, at the start of Canto III, Byron gets around to invoking the Muse: the traditional way to start an Epic poem HAIL, Muse! et cetera.—We left Juan sleeping, and, briefly, to foreshadow its subject. But Byron’s invocation is no Pillowed upon a fair and happy breast, more than a sardonic nod to the idea; a sort of poetic blasphemy. Compare, for example, Homer’s Iliad (first seven lines), or Odyssey And watched by eyes that never yet knew weeping, (first ten lines) or Virgil’s Æneid (first eleven lines). Or, again, And loved by a young heart, too deeply blest Paradise Lost, where Milton’s invocation to his “Heavn’ly Muse” occupies the first twenty-six, breathless, lines. To feel the poison through her spirit creeping, Byron’s first draft of Canto III, before he split it into two Can- Or know who rested there, a foe to rest, tos, began with a nine-verse attack on Wellington; later moved Had soiled the current of her sinless years, to Canto IX. This verse, in that earlier draft, began: “Now to my Epic. ” And turned her pure heart’s purest blood to tears! A foe to rest ] The “foe to rest” refers to the “who” of the previous sentence. It is “Love”, addressed in the next verse, that II rests in her heart and has “soiled the current of [Haidee’s] sinless years. -
Ancient History Sourcebook: 11Th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA an Ancient City in Greece, the Capital of Laconia and the Most Powerful State of the Peloponnese
Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA AN ancient city in Greece, the capital of Laconia and the most powerful state of the Peloponnese. The city lay at the northern end of the central Laconian plain, on the right bank of the river Eurotas, a little south of the point where it is joined by its largest tributary, the Oenus (mount Kelefina). The site is admirably fitted by nature to guard the only routes by which an army can penetrate Laconia from the land side, the Oenus and Eurotas valleys leading from Arcadia, its northern neighbour, and the Langada Pass over Mt Taygetus connecting Laconia and Messenia. At the same time its distance from the sea-Sparta is 27 m. from its seaport, Gythium, made it invulnerable to a maritime attack. I.-HISTORY Prehistoric Period.-Tradition relates that Sparta was founded by Lacedaemon, son of Zeus and Taygete, who called the city after the name of his wife, the daughter of Eurotas. But Amyclae and Therapne (Therapnae) seem to have been in early times of greater importance than Sparta, the former a Minyan foundation a few miles to the south of Sparta, the latter probably the Achaean capital of Laconia and the seat of Menelaus, Agamemnon's younger brother. Eighty years after the Trojan War, according to the traditional chronology, the Dorian migration took place. A band of Dorians united with a body of Aetolians to cross the Corinthian Gulf and invade the Peloponnese from the northwest. The Aetolians settled in Elis, the Dorians pushed up to the headwaters of the Alpheus, where they divided into two forces, one of which under Cresphontes invaded and later subdued Messenia, while the other, led by Aristodemus or, according to another version, by his twin sons Eurysthenes and Procles, made its way down the Eurotas were new settlements were formed and gained Sparta, which became the Dorian capital of Laconia. -
With Samos & Kuşadası
GREECE with Samos & Kuşadası Tour Hosts: Prof. Douglas Henry & MAY 27 - JUNE 23, 2018 Prof. Scott Moore organized by Baylor University in GREECE with Samos & Kuşadası / MAY 27 - JUNE 23, 2018 Corinth June 1 Fri Athens - Eleusis - Corinth Canal - Corinth - Nafplion (B,D) June 2 Sat Nafplion - Mycenaean Palace and the Tomb of King Agamemnon - Epidaurus - Nafplion (B, D) June 3 Sun Nafplion -Church of Agia Fotini in Mantinea- Tripolisand Megalopolis-Mystras-Kalamata (B,D) BAYLOR IN GREECE June 4 Mon Kalamata - Drive by Methoni or Koroni to see the Venetian fortresses - Nestor’s Palace in Pylos (B,D) Program Directors: Douglas Henry and Scott Moore June 5 Tue Pylos - Tours in the surrounding area - more details will follow by Nick! (B,D) MAY 27 - JUNE 23, 2018 June 6 Wed Pylos - Gortynia - Dimitsana - Olympia (B, D) June 7 Thu Olympia - Temple of Zeus, the Temple of Hera, Museum - Free afternoon. Overnight Olympia (B,D) Acropolis, Athens June 8 Fri Olympia - Morning drive to the modern city of Corinth. Overnight Corinth. (B,D) June 9 Sat Depart Corinth for Athens airport. Fly to Samos. Transfer to hotel. Free afternoon, overnight in Samos (B,D) June 10 Sun Tour of Samos; Eupalinos Tunnel, Samos Archaeological Museum, walk in Vathi port. (B,D) June 11 Mon Day trip by ferry to Patmos. Visit the Cave of Revelation and the Basilica of John. Return Samos. (B,D) June 12 Tue Depart Samos by ferry to Kusadasi. Visit Miletus- Prienne-Didyma, overnight in Kusadasi (B,D) Tour Itinerary: May 27 Sun Depart USA - Fly Athens May 28 Mon Arrive Athens Airport - Private transfer to Hotel. -
The Temples of Pallantion: Archaeological Collaboration in Arcadia
THE TEMPLES OF PALLANTION: ARCHAEOLOGICAL COLLABORATION IN ARCADIA Erik Østby Hardly anybody with some knowledge of art and history would have diffi- culties in recognizing a Doric temple; hardly any other manifestation of Classical Greek culture has the same immediate and direct appeal to us as these buildings have. In today's world, where comparatively few people are equipped with the linguistic competance and cultural insight which is essential in order to fully understand the literature and much of the figu- rative art of the ancient Greeks, the strict, clear, and purely abstract character of the Doric temple strikes chords which we recognize in our own culture, and the Doric temple is perhaps the most accessible statement of some of the deepest forces of the ancient Greek civilization. For good reasons the Parthenon, generally acclaimed as the supreme masterpiece of the Doric style, is today considered the principal symbol of the finest mo- ment in Greek history. When the Parthenon was conceived and constructed in the years after 450 BC, the Doric style had already been developing for a period of about 200 years. In order to fully understand and appreciate a building such as the Parthenon, it is obviously necessary to know as much as possible about its background in the Doric tradition, a tradition which is known to us exclu- sively through the buildings from an earlier period which happen to be preserved. Unfortunately, only a limited number of Doric temples antedat- ing the Parthenon are preserved to such an extent that their visual effect can be immediately appreciated; most of these are located in Southern Italy and Sicily. -
The Efforts Towards and Challenges of Greece's Post-Lignite Era: the Case of Megalopolis
sustainability Article The Efforts towards and Challenges of Greece’s Post-Lignite Era: The Case of Megalopolis Vangelis Marinakis 1,* , Alexandros Flamos 2 , Giorgos Stamtsis 1, Ioannis Georgizas 3, Yannis Maniatis 4 and Haris Doukas 1 1 School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece; [email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (H.D.) 2 Technoeconomics of Energy Systems Laboratory (TEESlab), Department of Industrial Management and Technology, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece; afl[email protected] 3 Cities Network “Sustainable City”, 16562 Athens, Greece; [email protected] 4 Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 November 2020; Accepted: 15 December 2020; Published: 17 December 2020 Abstract: Greece has historically been one of the most lignite-dependent countries in Europe, due to the abundant coal resources in the region of Western Macedonia and the municipality of Megalopolis, Arcadia (region of Peloponnese). However, a key part of the National Energy and Climate Plan is to gradually phase out the use of lignite, which includes the decommissioning of all existing lignite units by 2023, except the Ptolemaida V unit, which will be closed by 2028. This plan makes Greece a frontrunner among countries who intensively use lignite in energy production. In this context, this paper investigates the environmental, economic, and social state of Megalopolis and the related perspectives with regard to the energy transition, through the elaboration of a SWOT analysis, highlighting the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the municipality of Megalopolis and the regional unit of Arcadia. -
GREECE: a CIRCUMNAVIGATION of the PELOPONNESE a History & Nature Cruise Aboard Harmony G MAY 13–22, 2020
GREECE: A CIRCUMNAVIGATION OF THE PELOPONNESE A History & Nature Cruise Aboard Harmony G MAY 13–22, 2020 ATHENS PRE-TRIP: BIRDS & HISTORY MAY 9–14, 2020 NORTHERN GREECE EXTENSION: BIRDS & HISTORY MAY 22–JUNE 1, 2020 ©2019 Parthenon, Athens © Shutterstock Greece: Birds and History, Page 2 Splayed like the great hand of Poseidon, Greece’s multi-fingered Peloponnesian Peninsula thrusts south into the navy-blue waters of the Mediterranean Sea. Here, where southeastern Europe reaches its terminus at the doorsteps of Asia and Africa is a landscape seemingly bathed in endless light, where hills of jumbled limestone, fertile plains, and ancient olive groves forever stoke the irresistible allure of Greece. In May 2020, VENT is returning to Greece for a fabulous History and Nature cruise. The event, a Circumnavigation of the Peloponnese, will delve into the country’s illustrious history and culture while observing the region’s special resident and migrant birds and other aspects of the natural world. We have chartered the Harmony G, an elegant motor yacht, for a trip offering an abundance of beautiful scenery, visits to timeless archaeological sites and extraordinary museums, historical interpretation, quality birding, and cruising along the dramatic Greek coastline. While the white walled, blue-domed roofs of the tourist friendly Aegean islands figure preeminently in the plans of many visitors, it is the Peloponnesian Peninsula and nearby Athens where the heart of ancient Greece lies. From this largely rugged terrain, inhabited by ancient peoples, came words and thoughts never before conceived, ideas that together formed the basis of Western Civilization. History, philosophy, politics, theater, and athletics all made their debut here. -
Politics and Policy in Corinth 421-336 B.C. Dissertation
POLITICS AND POLICY IN CORINTH 421-336 B.C. DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by DONALD KAGAN, B.A., A.M. The Ohio State University 1958 Approved by: Adviser Department of History TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD ................................................. 1 CHAPTER I THE LEGACY OF ARCHAIC C O R I N T H ....................7 II CORINTHIAN DIPLOMACY AFTER THE PEACE OF NICIAS . 31 III THE DECLINE OF CORINTHIAN P O W E R .................58 IV REVOLUTION AND UNION WITH ARGOS , ................ 78 V ARISTOCRACY, TYRANNY AND THE END OF CORINTHIAN INDEPENDENCE ............... 100 APPENDIXES .............................................. 135 INDEX OF PERSONAL N A M E S ................................. 143 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................... 145 AUTOBIOGRAPHY ........................................... 149 11 FOREWORD When one considers the important role played by Corinth in Greek affairs from the earliest times to the end of Greek freedom it is remarkable to note the paucity of monographic literature on this key city. This is particular ly true for the classical period wnere the sources are few and scattered. For the archaic period the situation has been somewhat better. One of the first attempts toward the study of Corinthian 1 history was made in 1876 by Ernst Curtius. This brief art icle had no pretensions to a thorough investigation of the subject, merely suggesting lines of inquiry and stressing the importance of numisihatic evidence. A contribution of 2 similar score was undertaken by Erich Wilisch in a brief discussion suggesting some of the problems and possible solutions. This was followed by a second brief discussion 3 by the same author. -
In Greece Under Rome (100 Bc - 100 Ad)
STRATEGIES OF REMEMBERING IN GREECE UNDER ROME (100 BC - 100 AD) edited by Tamara M. Dijkstra, Inger N.I. Kuin, Muriel Moser & David Weidgenannt PUBLICATIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE AT ATHENS VI engaged actively with the increasing funerary culture, festival and associ- presence of Roman rule and its repre- ation, honorific practices, Greek lit- sentatives. The archaeological and ep- erature, and political ideology. The igraphic records attest to the contin- variety of these strategies attests to At the beginning of the first century ued economic vitality of the region: the vitality of the region. In times of BC Athens was an independent city buildings, statues, and lavish tombs transition the past cannot be ignored: bound to Rome through a friendship were still being constructed. There actors use what came before, in di- alliance. By the end of the first centu- is hence need to counterbalance the verse and complex ways, in order to ry AD the city had been incorporated traditional discourses of weakness on build the present. into the Roman province of Achaea. Roman Greece, and to highlight how Along with Athenian independence acts of remembering were employed perished the notion of Greek self- as resources in this complex political rule. The rest of Achaea was ruled by situation. Tamara M. Dijkstra, Inger N.I. Kuin, Muriel the governor of Macedonia already Moser & David Weidgenannt (eds): since 146 BC, but the numerous de- The legacy of Greece defined Greek Strategies of Remembering in Greece fections of Greek cities during the and Roman responses to the chang- under Rome (100 BC - 100 AD). -
The World View of the Anonymous Author of the Greek Chronicle of the Tocco
THE WORLD VIEW OF THE ANONYMOUS AUTHOR OF THE GREEK CHRONICLE OF THE TOCCO (14th-15th centuries) by THEKLA SANSARIDOU-HENDRICKX THESIS submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF ARTS in GREEK in the FACULTY OF ARTS at the RAND AFRIKAANS UNIVERSITY PROMOTER: DR F. BREDENKAMP JOHANNESBURG NOVEMBER 2000 EFACE When I began with my studies at the Rand Afrikaans University, and when later on I started teaching Modern Greek in the Department of Greek and Latin Studies, I experienced the thrill of joy and the excitement which academic studies and research can provide to its students and scholars. These opportunities finally allowed me to write my doctoral thesis on the world view of the anonymous author of the Greek Chronicle of the Tocco. I wish to thank all persons who have supported me while writing this study. Firstly, my gratitude goes to Dr Francois Bredenkamp, who not only has guided me throughout my research, but who has always been available for me with sound advice. His solid knowledge and large experience in the field of post-classical Greek Studies has helped me in tackling Byzantine Studies from a mixed, historical and anthropological view point. I also wish to render thanks to my colleagues, especially in the Modern Greek Section, who encouraged me to continue my studies and research. 1 am indebted to Prof. W.J. Henderson, who has corrected my English. Any remaining mistakes in the text are mine. Last but not least, my husband, Prof. B. Hendrickx, deserves my profound gratitude for his patience, encouragement and continuous support.