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German Russian Understanding Egon Bahr Fellowship Program for German Russian Understanding Moscow/Kostroma/Berlin Report 2012 Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Moscow Office Report 2012 1 Imprint: © FES Moscow Office, 2012 Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Moscow Office Jausski Boulevard 13 109028 Moscow Russian Federation Tel: +7 495 937 53 23 Fax: +7 495 937 53 25 Email: [email protected] http://www.fesmos.ru/ Responsible: Jan Henrik Fahlbusch / Dr. Rudolf Traub-Merz Layout: Benjamin Schoeler, Berlin 2 Egon Bahr Fellowship Program Content: Preface 05 Simon Bujanowski, Ilia Choukhlov, Viktor Durov, Andrey Shalay, Anna Tsurkan, Julia Wanninger State and Civil Society in Russia: How to Increase the Legitimacy of Politics Through Better Participation 07 Kai Doering, Nadezhda Kurnakova, Adrian Oroz, Stefan Schimming, Marina Sitova, Sergei Zakharov “Do Not Remain Silent and Do Not Tell Lies!” Exploring the Role of Mass Media in the Oblast of Kostroma 15 Larisa Aldehoff, Ilya Andreiko, Vladimir Balakhonov, Maya Hatsukano, Kseniya Neznakina, Konstantin Ponomarev, Juliane Rinas “Kostroma Mon Amour”: Prospects for Economic Regional Development 21 Daria Efimenko, Julia Golla, Nikita Kanshin, Vasily Khokhlov, Roman Krawielicki, Martin Zielke Future of Social Policy in Russia’s Regions: On the Economy of the Housing and Utilities Sector in Kostroma 29 Egon Bahr Fellows 2012 35 Report 2012 3 4 Egon Bahr Fellowship Program Preface The 2012 Egon Bahr Fellowship Program has This year’s seminar was held in Moscow, brought together 24 young leaders from Kostroma and Berlin. The bilateral Germany and Russia to support mutual relationship was discusses in the two capitals, exchange and understanding by researching while regional challenges and local and discussing a variety of current political developments were researchd by using the issues. example of Kostroma. The program was launched in Moscow in July The results of these inquiries into the reality 2012 by former German Minister Egon Bahr, of today’s political life in regional Russia are who famously implemented the “New presented in the following reports on civil Eastern Policy” (Neue Ostpolitik) with German society, mass media, economic development Chancellor Willy Brandt at the beginning of and social policy. All reports are based on the 1970s. Based on the idea of a "change extensive research and numerous meetings through rapprochement" Egon Bahr with stakeholders, analysts and experts. The successfully normalized the relations between findings of the German-Russian teams have the Federal Republic of Germany and Eastern been presented to the governor of Kostroma Europe, particularly with the German region Mr. Sergey Sitnikov during a hearing Democratic Republic, Poland and the Soviet at the local Chamber of Commerce. Union. This path-breaking policy, which The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Moscow Office provided the foundation for the political thanks all partners for their cooperation. In developments leading up to the German particular we are grateful to the member of reunification, continues to surface in today’s the German Bundestag Franz Thönnes for his social democratic “Realpolitik” and guides the ongoing support of this program. We are current German-Russian partnership for thankful to Vladimir Balakhonov and Vladimir modernization. Kornev for their excellent interpretation Therefore, it was a distinguished honor for services. Finally, we express deep gratitude to the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung's Moscow Office our partner Maxim Erin at the Administration that on his 90th anniversary Minister Bahr of Kostroma Region and to his colleagues accepted the proposal to name our annual and friends, who warmly welcomed us in young leader program after him. With the Kostroma and helped us gain extraordinary Egon Bahr Fellowship Program we are insight. pleased to pass on Egon Bahr's commitment to vibrant bilateral German-Russian relations Jewgenia Potemkina, Jan Henrik Fahlbusch, to the next generation of decision makers. Moscow/Berlin, November 2012 Report 2012 5 6 Egon Bahr Fellowship Program Simon Bujanowski, Ilia Choukhlov, Viktor Durov, Andrey Shalay, Anna Tsurkan, Julia Wanninger The State and Civil Society in Russia: How to Increase the Legitimacy of Politics Through Better Participation The 2012 Egon Bahr Fellowship program was For the purpose of our case study we organized for the purpose of bringing decided to define civil society as follows: a together German and Russian perspectives society of citizens who know and use their on current political and socio-economic civic rights and who actively participate in the challenges in Russia. We identified the social and political life. We discussed this relationship between the State and civil definition with all our interlocutors in society as one of these challenges and chose Kostroma. the Kostroma region as a case study. In our opinion an active civil society can Contemporary political science pays a lot of strengthen the state. There are several ways attention to the role that the civil society to do that: plays within a State. There is much debate - Socially and politically active citizens are about whether civil society is involved and in ready to take on positions of how far it should be involved in the political responsibility. decision-making process. However, civil - This increases the people’s interest to society not only plays a role in the political accept further political mandates. life, but the social life as well. - More political ideas are generated. - Citizens are encouraged to develop their What is Civil Society? own solutions to problems. Although civil society has become a popular - Both, citizens and the government concept used by various political actors in experience a higher level of satisfaction. different contexts, not all of them have the same understanding of the term. All of our Raising the Level of Democracy by interlocutors agreed on the importance of an Strengthening Civil Society active participation by civil society plays in As previously mentioned, we started with the political processes. At the same time, a hypothesis that the state of a civil society number of them admitted that they didn’t reflects the level of democracy. We analysed know what the difference between 'society' the role that the educational system plays in and 'civil society' was. Yes, society itself is or shaping an active civil society, the freedom should become a political actor, they argued, that non-commercial and non-governmental but the term 'civil society' made things sectors have to organise and express their unnecessarily complicated. We therefore felt opinion. We also looked at the relationship the need to first give the term a more precise between the state and municipal authorities definition. in Kostroma and its civil society actors. We One of the numerous definitions of civil wanted to find out what Kostroma students society describes it as the aggregate of non- were taught about their role in society as well governmental organisations and institutions as civic education in general. As our next that manifest the interests and the will of step we examined the opportunities for civil citizens. These individuals, organisations and society actors to participate in democratic institutions are expected to be independent processes and to influence political decisions of the government. affecting the region. Finally, we analysed the Report 2012 7 interaction between non-commercial and expert think NGOs had much influence in the non-governmental sectors and the state and matter. Altogether these conditions make for municipal authorities and tried to identify the a very favourable situation for the United strong and weak points of civil society Russia party, because the system is simply organisations in the region. too weak to compete with its power. Citizens’ While studying the level of democracy in the rights are limited and freedom of expression Kostroma region, the following questions lay exists only on paper. Our expert said that he at the centre of our work: Is civil society believed Mikhail Prokhorov to be a positive vibrant in the region? What resources and discovery for Russia, for his business opportunities exist to help society organize in knowledge that could be used to change the the spirit of democracy? What should and country. could be done to raise the level of The next day we met with the Head of the democracy in the region? school department in the city of Kostroma. During our 5-day stay in Kostroma we She told us about the introduction of student discussed these questions with a broad range responsibility and self-management of personalities involved in the political, social curriculum in schools. As of now, this is only and religious life of the city and the region. a pilot project. An average teacher’s salary is Among them was the mayor of Kostroma, 15,000 rubles per month (€372). several members of the City Duma, members The following day we met with the Mayor of of the Public Chamber, representatives of the city of Kostroma Mr. Zhurin. He reported civil society organisations, a schoolteacher as that the number of deputies has increased well as representatives of religious from 24 to 35, which, he believes, resulted in communities. better representation. When asked about the Our first expert was a Deputy of the city of most important and active civil society actors, Kostroma. He has been running his own the mayor said it was the City Duma. furniture manufacturing company since the We had a chance to meet the deputy late 1980s. At first, he told us about the director of School No. 7. She told us about political vertical of “United Russia”: according the problems and everyday life in school. to him, many decisions at the local level must Many young people from Central Asia and be coordinated with Moscow. In particular, from the Caucasus attend the school. This this concerns staff issues. Other parties, both often leads to confrontations with other at the local and federal level, exist but are students. She also reported how low mostly irrelevant.
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