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Ethernet Rechnerkommunikation Und Vernetzung • Netzwerke: Beispiele, Adressierung Teil 1 - Ethernet • Funktionsweise

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Ethernet Rechnerkommunikation Und Vernetzung • Netzwerke: Beispiele, Adressierung Teil 1 - Ethernet • Funktionsweise Inhalt Ethernet Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung • Netzwerke: Beispiele, Adressierung Teil 1 - Ethernet • Funktionsweise Stephan Rupp • Operationen auf Layer 2 und Layer 3 Nachrichtentechnik • Ethernet Switches • Systeme auf Layer 2 und Layer 3 • Protokolle www.dhbw-stuttgart.de Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 2 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Netzwerke Beispiel: Heimnetz Host Lokale Netze (Local Area Networks) (2) Datei laden • Arbeitsplatz Host • Zuhause (3) Dokument • Telekommunikationsnetze Switch LAN drucken • Automatisierungstechnik (1) Web-Seite • Transport (Schiene, Luft, Wasser) laden • Medizintechnik Switch/Hub Network Lokales Netz = IP Subnetwork Printer • Teil des Internet bzw. privaten IP-Netzes Router& • Telekommunikationsnetze DSL-Modem • Basis für IP basierte Dienste • Verkehrs-Aggregation über “Carrier Ethernet” Web Internet Wie funktioniert das? Server Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 3 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 4 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Adressen im Heimnetz Inhalt 192.168.178.21 Host 192.168.178.22 Ethernet 00:13:02:39:e5:f7 00:0a:95:d1:52:30 Host • Netzwerke IP-Address (L3) LAN • Funktionsweise: vom Hub zum Switch MAC Address (L2) Network Printer • Operationen auf Layer 2 und Layer 3 Switch/Hub 192.168.178.23 • Ethernet Switches 192.168.178.1 00:80:77:31:b6:45 00:04:0e:73:3f:3d Router& • Systeme auf Layer 2 und Layer 3 DSL-Modem • Protokolle • IP Adressen durch den Router dynamisch vergeben (DHCP) • MAC Adressen vom Hertsller fest in die Netzwerkschnittstellen eingebaut Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 5 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 6 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Funktionsweise Hub (1) – Anfrage Funktionsweise Hub (2) – Antwort … 100:13:02:39:e5:f7 Host 100:0a:95:d1:52:30 100:13:02:39:e5:f7 Host 100:0a:95:d1:52:30 Host Host Reply message to 100:13:02:39:e5:f7 Request message LAN LAN to 100:0a:95:d1:52:30 Network Network Printer Printer Hub Hub 100:80:77:31:b6:45 100:80:77:31:b6:45 100:04:0e:73:3f:3d 100:04:0e:73:3f:3d Weitersenden an alle Ports (Hub = Multiport Antwort an alle Ports Geht das auch etwas Repeater) weiter verteilen • Alles basierend auf MAC Adressen schlauer? • Hub = Multiport Repeater Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 7 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 8 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Vom Hub zur Bridge Funktionweise der Bridge – 1. Anfrage LAN Segment 1 100:13:02:39:e5:f7 Host Router 100:0a:95:d1:52:30 LAN (local traffic) Host Traffic between Host segments Request message LAN to 100:0a:95:d1:52:30 Bridge Network LAN Segment 2 Bridge Printer LAN (local traffic) 100:80:77:31:b6:45 100:04:0e:73:3f:3d MAC Port Host 100:13:02:39:e5:f7 2 erstes Mal: Anfrage an alle • Ein Hub “lötet” zwei LAN Segmente zusammen: jede Nachrícht wird an alle Ports weiter geben Ports weiter verteilt MAC Adresse des • Eine Bridge “überspannt” zwei LAN Segmente: nur Nachrichten an Absenders lernen Empfänger im jeweiligen Segment werden übermittelt Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 9 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 10 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Funktionweise der Bridge – Antwort Funktionweise der Bridge – 2. Anfrage 100:13:02:39:e5:f7 Host 100:0a:95:d1:52:30 100:13:02:39:e5:f7 Host 100:0a:95:d1:52:30 Host Host Reply message from 100:0a:95:d1:52:30 Antwort nur an den LAN Message LAN betreffenden Port to 100:0a:95:d1:52:30 Network Network Bridge Printer Bridge Printer 100:80:77:31:b6:45 100:80:77:31:b6:45 100:04:0e:73:3f:3d 100:04:0e:73:3f:3d MAC Port 100:13:02:39:e5:f7 2 Nächste Anfrage nur an 100:0a:95:d1:52:30 3 den betreffenden Port Viel weniger Verkehr A bridge is a hub und viel sicherer! with memory. Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 11 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 12 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Hubs, Bridges und Switches Inhalt Ethernet Switch Switch: Bridge mit voller Leitungs-Geschwindigkeit • Netzwerke 100 Mbps zwischen allen Ports • Funktionsweise 100 Mbps • Operationen auf Layer 2 und Layer 3 100 Mbps 100 Mbps • Ethernet Switches • Systeme auf Layer 2 und Layer 3 • Protokolle Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 13 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 14 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Switching (L2) und Routing (L3) IP Adressen als Host Identifier Host 192.168.178.21 Host 192.168.178.22 00:13:02:39:e5:f7 00:0a:95:d1:52:30 Host Host Switching • Local Area Netzwerk LAN LAN • Layer 2 Protokolle Network MAC Address Port No Printer Switch/Hub Hub/Switch Network Printer 192.168.178.23 192.168.178.1 00:80:77:31:b6:45 00:04:0e:73:3f:3d Router& IP Address Port No DSL-Modem ARP (Address Routing • IP Addresses: convenient host identifiers Resolution Protocol): Web Internet ! Wide Area Netzwerk • MAC addresses: used for message delivery Who is 192.168.178.22? Server ! Layer 3 Protokolle Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 15 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 16 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Address Resolution Protocol (1) Address Resolution Protocol (2) 192.168.178.21 Host 192.168.178.22 192.168.178.21 Host 192.168.178.22 00:13:02:39:e5:f7 00:0a:95:d1:52:30 00:13:02:39:e5:f7 00:0a:95:d1:52:30 Host Host Its me, MAC 100:0a:95:d1:52:30 Who is LAN LAN 192.168.178.22 ? Protocol Layers Network Network Printer Printer Hub/Switch IP Hub/Switch 192.168.178.23 192.168.178.23 00:80:77:31:b6:45 00:80:77:31:b6:45 PHY MAC Host replies with „Who is“ Anfrage enthält die MAC adress Ziel-IP-Adresse request • ARP in den Hosts implementiert (L3) • löst IP-Adressen in MAC-Adressen auf • Nur MAC-Adresses werden für die Zustellung verwendet (L2) Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 17 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 18 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Mehr Tricks: Multicast Noch mehr Tricks: Virtuelles LAN • Nachricht an alle Mitglieder der Multicast-Gruppe weiterleiten VLAN1 • Multicast = “Einer an Viele” LAN VLAN2 LAN • Broadcast = “Einer an Alle” VLAN3 • Unicast = “Einer an Einen” Trunk • Multicast Adresse = Identifiziert eine Multicast Gruppe (Adress- Multicast Group • Ports und Ethernet-Frames werden gruppiert (Tag = Markierung, Farbklecks) Tabelle, Verteiler) • Segmentierung in einzelne, unabhängige Netze (LAN) • Durch Aufteilung entsteht eine Umgebung mit reduzierter Komplexität. Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 19 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 20 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Inhalt Nachrichten Speichern und Weiterleiten Ethernet Eingangspuffer Ausgangspuffer • Netzwerke • Funktionsweise 1 3 Ports • Operationen auf Layer 2 und Layer 3 2 Switch (1) Speichern • Ethernet Switches (2) Paketkopf analysieren Switch Route Table (3) Weiterleiten • Systeme auf Layer 2 und Layer 3 • Protokolle Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 21 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 22 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Nachrichtenverarbeitung im Switch Konfigurierbarer Switch Switch Controller: Nachricht: Switch Controller User • Konfigurationsparameter Header Payload Interface ! Ethernet Rahmen (Frame) • Benutzerschnittstelle (Command Header IP-Header Payload Software Line, GUI, MMI) ! IP Paket (im Ehernet Rahmen) Zustandsbasierte • Zustandbasierte Entscheidungen Entscheidungen Implementierung: Nachrichtenverarbeitung basiert auf Informationen im Paketkopf: • Software auf separatem • MAC Adressen im Ethernet Paketkopf (Header) Konfiguration Mikroprozessor • Option: Informationen im IP Peketkopf (Header) Switch • setzt Register im Switch • ebenso: VLAN tags, Quality of Service tags, … • Kann für komplexe Routing – Grenzen: Keine zustandsbasierten Entscheidungen möglich Aufgaben als Multi-Core CPU realisiert werden • Sequenznummern für Rahmen oder Pakete Switch Route Table • Session IDs (Sitzungs-IDs) von Datenströmen • Routen von IP-Paketen Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 23 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 24 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Inhalt Layer 2 Systemarchitektur Ethernet System Switch 1 • Netzwerke • Funktionsweise uplinks • Operationen auf Layer 2 und Layer 3 Clients … IP-Network Switch 2 • Ethernet Switches Servers (Processor Blades) • Systeme auf Layer 2 und Layer 3 • System: Server Farm (Pizza-Boxen plus Switch, bzw. Server Blades) • Protokolle • Switches: in einfacher oder redundanter Konfiguration (Stern bzw. Doppel- Stern Topologie) • Server direkt auf Layer 3 adressierbar (Switches = Layer 2, transparent) Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 25 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Rechnerkommunikation und Vernetzung, Teil 1, S. Rupp 26 5. Semester, Nachrichtentechnik, 2013 Layer 3 Systemarchitektur Inhalt System Ethernet Packet Switch 1 Processor • Netzwerke uplinks • Funktionsweise Clients … IP-Network • Operationen auf Layer 2 und Layer 3 Packet Switch 2 Processor Servers
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