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Industrielle Bussysteme : Ethernet • Ethernet Link Schicht • Medium Access Control • Logical Link Control – LLC Dr

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Industrielle Bussysteme : Ethernet • Ethernet Link Schicht • Medium Access Control • Logical Link Control – LLC Dr Inhalt • Ethernet Übersicht und Protokolle • Ethernet Schicht-1 Industrielle Bussysteme : Ethernet • Ethernet Link Schicht • Medium Access Control • Logical Link Control – LLC Dr. Leonhard Stiegler Automation • Ergänzende LAN Protokolle www.dhbw-stuttgart.de Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 1 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 2 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Definitionen IEEE 802 Standardisierung Ein Computernetz ist eine Zusammenschaltung von Host-Rechnern, die 802.1 LAN/MAN Architecture Informationen austauschen über WGs: Interworking, - Übertragungsverbindungen und Security, Audio/Video Bridging and Netzknoten - Congestion Management. Ein Lokales Netz (LAN) umfasst in der Regel einen begrenzten 802.2 : Logical Link Control (LLC) geografischen Bereich, wie z.B. ein Gebäude, Stockwerk oder einen 802.3 : Ethernet Campus Basic Ethernet 10 Mbit/s Ethernet ist eine weit verbreitete LAN Technologie. Sie definiert Fast Ethernet 100 Mbit/s over copper or fibre Gbit-Ethernet 1 Gbit/s over copper or fibre - das Übertragungsmedium 10G-Ethernet 10 Gbit/s over optical fibres - den Zugang zum Medium 802.11 : WLAN - die physikalischen Übertragungseigensaften und Prozeduren 802.16 : WMAN Ethernet ist Teil der Standardisierungsfamilie 802 802.17 : Resilient Packet Ring Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 3 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 4 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 IEEE 802.3 Standards LAN Characteristika Führende Rolle in den Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Implementierungen Universelle IEEE 802.3 Medium Access Control Adressierung Section 1: Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) Zugangsmethode und physikalische Schicht Hohe Datenrate: aktuell über 10 Gbit/s Möglichkeit der optischen Datenübertragung Section 2: Einführung in 100 Mb/s Basisband Netze, 100BASE-T, FE Entwicklung von Bus-Topologie (shared medium) zur Stern Topologie (dedicated media) Section 3: Einführung in 1000 Mb/s Basisband Netze, GE Anwendungen: Private Netze, Zugangsnetze, Stadtnetze (Metropolitain Area Section 4: Einführung in 10 Gb/s Basisband Netze Networks) Weitverkehrsnetze (Wide Area Networks) Diesteintegration: Echtzeit Sprache und Video Section 5: Einführung in Ethernet für Teilnehmer-Zugangsnetze Wireless LAN Implementierungen (IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16) Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 5 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 6 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Netzwerke Netzelemente der Protokollschichten Lokale Netze (Local Area Networks) Broadcast domain / Internet subnetwork Arbeitsplatz Collision Zuhause Segment domain Telekommunikationsnetze Switch Hub Hub B Hub Hub Router Automatisierungstechnik Collision Segment Transport (Schiene, Luft, Wasser) domain Medizintechnik Application Application Ethernet Elemente Gateway Schicht-1 : Hub (wird nicht mehr verwendet) Transport Transport Switch / Bridge Network Router Network - Schicht-1 Funktion : Port Data link Bridge/Switch Data link - Schicht-2 Funktion : Verbindung von Eingangsport mit Ausgangsport Physical Repeater/Hub Physical Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 7 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 8 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Bridge, Switch und Router Netzelemente : vom Hub zur Bridge LAN Segment 1 B/S • Bridge/Switch verbindet Schicht-2 LAN Segmente Router LAN (local traffic) R • Router verbindet Schicht-3 Netze Traffic between Host segments Bridge B/S LAN Segment 2 R WAN LAN (local traffic) LAN segment LAN segment Subnet R Host B/S Ein Hub “lötet” zwei LAN Segmente zusammen: jede Nachrícht wird an alle Ports weiter verteilt LAN segment LAN segment Subnet Eine Bridge “überspannt” zwei LAN Segmente: nur Nachrichten an Empfänger im jeweiligen Segment werden übermittelt Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 9 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 10 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 LAN Architekturbeispiel LAN Segmentierung LAN Segmente Einzelsegment - LAN Broadcast Domain LAN Segment Zweisegment - LAN Router Collision Repeater/Hub Bridge oder Switch LAN Segment Mit Repeater angebunden Domains Heutige LAN Implementierungen verwenden keine Repeater, da diese LAN Segment Funktionen so genannte Collision domains bilden Bridge oder Switch Die Übertragungskapazität in collision domains wird durch das geteilte Medium reduziert Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 11 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 12 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Inhalt LAN Architektur • Ethernet Übersicht und Protokolle Ethernet (10Mbit/s) Fast Ethernet - FE Gigabit Ethernet • Ethernet Schicht-1 MAC User (e.g. LLC) LLC MAC Control (opt.) • Ethernet Link Schicht MAC Medium Access Control (MAC) • Medium Access Control PLS Reconciliation Reconciliation Reconciliation • Logical Link Control – LLC MII GMII GMII • Ergänzende LAN Protokolle AUI PLS PCS PCS AUI PMA PMA PHY PMA PMA PMD PMD MDI Medium PLS: Physical Layer Signalling MII: Medium Independent Interface AUI: Attachment User Interface PCS: Physical Coding Sublayer PMA: Physical Medium Access PMD: Physical Media Dependent Sublayer MDI: Media Dependent Interface LLC: Logical Link Control Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 13 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 14 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Ethernet Protokollschichten LAN Verkabelung: Twisted Pair Link Schicht-1 Funktionen Medium Access Medium Independent Interface User-to-System Medium Interface Schicht-2 Funktionen RJ-45 Stecker Zugang zum Übertragungsmedium Mediaum Access Control Protokollsteuerung MAC Control User port System port Link Verbindungssteuerung Logical Link Control MDI Twisted Pair Verkabelung MDI X Application 1 1 TX TX2 RX2 RX Presentation 3 3 ? Logical Link Control (opt.) RX 4 4 Session 5 5 ?TX MAC Control (opt.) 6 6 Transport 7 7 Medium Access Control RX8 TX8 Network Data Link Medium Independent Interface Physical Medium Access Bei einer 1:1 Verkabelung müssen die Ports einer Seite getauscht werden (MDIX). Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 15 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 16 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 LAN Verkabelung: Twisted Pair Link Ethernet BASE Übersicht Variant Cable specification (min.) Maximum Distance System-to-System Ethernet System port System port 10BASE-T Class C, 2 x UTP, 16 MHz 100 m HD/FD Fast Ethernet 100BASE-TX Class D, 2 x UTP, 100 MHz 100 m HD/FD TX TX MDIX MDIX 100BASE-T4 Class C, 4 x UTP, 100 MHz 100 m HD RX RX 100BASE-FX 2 x 62,5/50 µm, MMF, 1310 nm 400 m HD 2 km FD Gigabit Ethernet MDI RX TX MDI 1000BASE-T Class D, 4 x UTP, 100MHz 100 m HD MDIX TX RX MDIX 1000BASE-CX STP 150 Ohm, 25 m HD 1000BASE-SX 50 µm, MMF, 850 nm 550 m FD 62,5 µm, MMF, 850 nm 260 m FD 1000BASE-LX 50 µm, MMF, 1310 nm 550 m FD 62,5 µm, MMF, 1310 nm 440 m FD 9 µm, SMF, 1310 nm 3 km FD Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 17 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 18 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet 100Mbit/s Media Access Control Protocol (MAC) 1000MBit/s Media Access Control Protocol (MAC) 802.3u CSMA/CD 802.3z CSMA/CD Media Independent Gigabit Media Independent Interface (MII) Interface (GMII) 1000BaseCX 100BaseT4 100BaseTX 100BaseFX 802.3ab 1000BASE LX 1000BASE SX 1000 BASE CX 1000BaseT Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 19 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 20 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Gigabit Ethernet Architektur Medium und Übertragungsdistanz Internet LLC - Logical Link Control 1550 nm, 9µ SM Protokollschichten 1000BaseLH MAC - Media Access Control 1310 nm, 9µ SM User Reconciliation Reconciliation 1000BaseLX 9µ SM Application 1310/ GMII GMII 50µ or 62,5µ MM, 400 or 500 MHz/km Transport 1300 nm PCS PCS 50µ MM, 500 MHz/km Network 50µ MM, 400 MHz/km PMA PMA 1000BaseSX Data Link PMD PMD 850 nm 62,5µ MM, 200 MHz/km Physical 62,5µ MM, 160 MHz/km Medium 1000 Mbit/s 1000BaseT 4pr. Cat 5 UTP PCS: Physical Coding Sublayer 1000BaseCX Balanced Cooper m PMA: Physical Medium Attachment 25 100 220 275 500 550 3km 100km PMD: Physical Medium Dependent 49km Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 21 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 22 5. Semester, Automation, 2015 Gigabit Ethernet und CSMA/CD Auto-Negotiation Roundtrip Delay und Übertragungsdistanz Auto-Negotiation heißt die Prozedur, die zur Bestimmung einer 10 Mbit/s gemeinsamen Übertragungsart (Mode) verwendet wird Modes: 10BASE, 100BASE (FE), 1000BASE (GE) 26.1 µs 5 km 51.2 µs 10 km Am Ende der Prozedur steht ist mit der Betriebsart auch die maximale 100 Mbit/s Übertragungs-Datenrate festgelegt 2.6 µs 500 m 5.1 µs 1 km Basisfunktionen Falls nur ein Port Auto-Negotiation unterstützt (nicht üblich): 1000 Mbit/s Verwendung von 10BaseT Mode. Beide Ports unterstützen Auto-Negotiation. 0.26 µs 50 m 0.5 µs 100 m Verhandlung der Betriebsart (Geschwindigkeit) Bedingungen: • Rahmengröße = 64 bytes = 512 bits • Signal-Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit = 200 000 km/s Industrielle Bussysteme , Teil 1 – Ethernet, L.Stiegler , 23 5. Semester, Automation,
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