Martin Heil – Curriculum Vitae
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The Use of Barcoding Sequences for the Construction of Phylogenetic Relationships in the Euphorbiaceae
University of Padova Department of Land, Environment Agriculture and Forestry MSc in Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management The use of barcoding sequences for the construction of phylogenetic relationships in the Euphorbiaceae Supervisor: Alessandro Vannozzi Co-supervisor: Prof. Dr. Oliver Gailing Submitted by: Bikash Kharel Matriculation No. 1177536 ACADEMIC YEAR 2017/2018 Acknowledgments This dissertation has come to this positive end through the collective efforts of several people and organizations: from rural peasants to highly academic personnel and institutions around the world. Without their mental, physical and financial support this research would not have been possible. I would like to express my gratitude to all of them who were involved directly or indirectly in this endeavor. To all of them, I express my deep appreciation. Firstly, I am thankful to Prof. Dr. Oliver Gailing for providing me the opportunity to conduct my thesis on this topic. I greatly appreciate my supervisor Alessandro Vannozzi for providing the vision regarding Forest Genetics and DNA barcoding. My cordial thanks and heartfelt gratitude goes to him whose encouragements, suggestions and comments made this research possible to shape in this form. I am also thankful to Prof. Dr. Konstantin V. Krutovsky for his guidance in each and every step of this research especially helping me with the CodonCode software and reviewing the thesis. I also want to thank Erasmus Mundus Programme for providing me with a scholarship for pursuing Master’s degree in Mediterranean Forestry and Natural Resources Management (MEDFOR) course. Besides this, I would like to thank all my professors who broadened my knowledge during the period of my study in University of Lisbon and University of Padova. -
Mustafa Din, Wardah (2014) a Phytochemical and Pharmacological Study of Acalypha Wilkesiana Var
Mustafa Din, Wardah (2014) A phytochemical and pharmacological study of acalypha wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. (euphorbiaceae juss.): antioxidant and antibacterial analyses. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham. Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14069/1/THESIS_PhD_WMD.pdf Copyright and reuse: The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. · Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. · To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in Nottingham ePrints has been checked for eligibility before being made available. · Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not- for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. · Quotations or similar reproductions must be sufficiently acknowledged. Please see our full end user licence at: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/end_user_agreement.pdf A note on versions: The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. For more information, please contact [email protected] A PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF Acalypha wilkesiana var. -
Chemical Contents of Macaranga Food Bodies: Adaptations To
Functional Ecology 1998 Chemical contents of Macaranga food bodies: 12, 117–122 adaptations to their role in ant attraction and nutrition M. HEIL,* B. FIALA,* W. KAISER† and K. E. LINSENMAIR* *Lehrstuhl für Zoologie III, Theodor-Boveri-Institut, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg and †Lehrstuhl für Botanik I, Julius von Sachs-Institut, Mittlerer Dallenbergweg 64, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany Summary 1. Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) is a paleotropical tree genus comprising myrmeco- phytic and non-myrmecophytic species. All species are presumed to possess food bodies (FBs) to maintain or attract ants as anti-herbivore defence. 2. The hypothesis was tested that Macaranga species differing in their mode of association with ants would produce FBs differing in their chemical composition. We investigated contents of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in FBs of four myrmeco- phytic and one non-myrmecophytic Macaranga as well as one Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) species. 3. On a dry weight basis, FBs of myrmecophytes contained relatively higher amounts of proteins compared to carbohydrates than those of non-myrmecophytes. Soluble carbohydrates showed species-specific patterns and were found in especially high amounts in both non-myrmecophytes. Furthermore, Parthenocissus FBs contained higher amounts of soluble compared to polymerous substances not only in carbo- hydrates but also in proteins. 4. FBs seem to be specifically adapted to their respective role in ant attraction and nutrition, with myrmecophytes providing ants with high amounts of lipids and proteins and non-myrmecophytes mainly offering carbohydrates in the form of common soluble sugars. Key-words: Ant–plant interaction, insect nutrition, mutualism, myrmecophytism Functional Ecology (1998) 12, 117–122 Introduction Because of their foraging activities, these provide at least some protective effect for the plants (Fiala, Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) is a genus of important Grunsky et al. -
Lao Flora a Checklist of Plants Found in Lao PDR with Scientific and Vernacular Names
Lao Flora A checklist of plants found in Lao PDR with scientific and vernacular names 2 L. Inthakoun and C. O. Delang Lao Flora A checklist of plants found in Lao PDR with scientific and vernacular names Lamphay Inthakoun Claudio O. Delang Lulu Press First published 2008 by Lulu Enterprises, Inc. 860 Aviation Parkway, Suite 300 Morrisville, NC 27560 The book can be purchased or downloaded from http://lulu.com/lao_flora. Contents Introduction 1 Lao Flora Listed by Lao Script 13-121 Lao Flora Listed by Genus and Species 123-238 Introduction This introduction1 provides a brief synopsis of the forest habitats and ecoregions found in Lao PDR, as well as an overview of the related research on plant taxonomy. This is followed by a description of the structure and contents of the present volume and a citation of sources used to compile the present checklist. 1. Forest habitats and ecoregions in Lao PDR 1.1. Forest habitats Forest classifications can be vegetation-related (which implies that the factors used to distinguish forests are the physiognomic or floristic characteristics of the vegetation), biophysically- and climate-related (where broad environmental or geographic characteristics become the distinguishing factors), or management- related (which involves utilizing combinations of vegetation and non-vegetation criteria). These modes of classification are scale-specific: while global-scale classifications are largely based on climatic criteria such as rainfall and temperature, classification systems used at country- or smaller regional-level scales emphasise floristic and physiognomic characteristics as well as physical site factors (Wong, Delang, Schmidt-Vogt, 2007). These latter variables were taken into account by the National Office of Forest Inventory and Planning (NOFIP) when it classified the forests of Lao PDR (Manivong and Sandewall, 1992). -
Taxonomy of Coccids (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Coccus
Zootaxa 4521 (1): 001–051 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D2096E74-49D8-4235-B26C-2C97170DBDC7 Taxonomy of coccids (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Coccus L.) associated with Crematogaster ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the stems of Macaranga plants (Euphorbiaceae) in Southeast Asia PENNY J. GULLAN1, TAKUMASA KONDO2, BRIGITTE FIALA3 & SWEE-PECK QUEK4 1Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Acton, Can- berra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] 2Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia), Centro de Investigación Palmira, Calle 23, Carrera 37 Con- tinuo al Penal, Palmira, Valle, Colombia. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. E- mail:[email protected] 4Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Table of content Abstract . 1 Introduction . 2 Materials and methods . 4 Taxonomy . 8 Coccus Linnaeus . 8 Diagnosis for Coccus species associated with Macaranga. 9 Key to adult females of Coccus species associated with Macaranga . 12 Coccus caviramicolus Morrison . 13 Coccus circularis Morrison. 14 Coccus heckrothi Gullan & Kondo sp. n. 18 Coccus lambirensis Gullan & Kondo sp. n. 20 Coccus macarangae Morrison . 22 Coccus macarangicolus Takahashi . 25 Coccus penangensis Morrison . 30 Coccus pseudotumuliferus Gullan & Kondo sp. n. 34 Coccus secretus Morrison . 39 Coccus tumuliferus Morrison . -
1 Allgemeine Einleitung ______1
Die Reproduktion von Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) in Südostasien: Bestäubung durch Thripse und Kastration durch Pflanzenameisen Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften vorgelegt im Fachbereich Biologie und Informatik der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität in Frankfurt am Main von Ute Moog aus Überlingen am Bodensee Frankfurt am Main 2002 Inhalt Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Allgemeine Einleitung ______________________________________________________ 1 2 Bestäubung _______________________________________________________________ 5 2.1 Einleitung_____________________________________________________________ 5 2.1.1 Fragestellung _______________________________________________________ 8 2.2 Material und Methoden _________________________________________________ 9 2.2.1 Macaranga ________________________________________________________ 9 2.2.2 Untersuchungsgebiete und Zeitraum der Untersuchungen ___________________ 10 2.2.3 Die Macaranga-Flora im Untersuchungsgebiet ___________________________ 11 2.2.4 Blütenmerkmale von Macaranga ______________________________________ 13 2.2.5 Aufsammlung von Blütenbesuchern ____________________________________ 14 2.2.6 Exemplarische Untersuchung von Thripsbestäubung an M. hullettii ___________ 15 2.2.6.1 Reproduktive Phänologie von M. hullettii ____________________________ 15 2.2.6.2 Blütenmerkmale und Anthese _____________________________________ 15 2.2.6.3 Beobachtung und Aufsammlung von Blütenbesuchern__________________ 16 2.2.6.4 Aufzucht von Thripsen___________________________________________ -
Euphorbiaceae)
KEYS TO MACARANGA AND MALLOTUS 157 XI. Keys to the taxa of Macaranga and Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae) of East Kalimantan (Indonesia) J.W.F. Slik Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands (e-mail: [email protected]) Summary Keys mainly based on vegetative characters are given to the 27 taxa of Macaranga and 20 of Mallotus known from or reported for East Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia. Introduction Species ofthe generaMacaranga Thou, and Mallotus Lour. (Euphorbiaceae) often form a characteristic part of secondary vegetations in Malesia. Many are among the first colo- nizers ofdisturbed vegetations. A considerable number can also be found in late secon- dary vegetations and the understorey of primary forests. This wide ecological scope and the more or less well-defined ecological preferences of the various species make them potentially very useful for recognizing the disturbance history of a forest. A comprehensive key to the species is still much in need. It should emphasize vegeta- tive characters in order to recognize sterile specimens. Those presently available for East Kalimantan are either outdated (Pax & Hoffmann, 1914), incomplete (KeBler & based the of Sidiyasa, 1994), or largely on availability both flowering and fruiting mate- rial (Airy Shaw, 1975). collections in 2 of The following keys are based on present L, but species Macaranga reported for the area by Airy Shaw (1975), KeBIer & Sidiyasa (1994), and KeBIer et al. (1995) were absent there. These have been noted as 'doubtful'. Still, they had to be included for completeness' sake. Generative characters have only been addedwhen iden- tification is impossible otherwise. -
Jenis Pohon Pakan Orangutan Sumatera
JENIS POHON PAKAN ORANGUTAN SUMATERA (Pongo abelii Lesson, 1827) BERDASARKAN KETINGGIAN TEMPAT DI STASIUN PENELITIAN KETAMBE SEBAGAI REFERENSI MATAKULIAH EKOLOGI HEWAN SKRIPSI Diajukan Oleh : Taufiq Nurcholisudin NIM. 150207022 Mahasiswa Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI AR-RANIRY BANDA ACEH 2020 M/ 1441 H Jenis Pohon Pakan Orangutan Sumatera (Pongo abelii Lesson, 1827) Berdasarkan Ketinggian Tempat di Stasiun Penelitian Ketambe Sebagai Referensi Matakuliah Ekologi Hewan Banda Aceh, 05 Agustus 2020 Yang Menyatakan, NIM. 150207022 ABSTRAK Orangutan merupakan spesies kunci kekayaan hayati dan berperan penting dalam penyeimbangan ekosistem di lingkungan, akan tetapi populasi Orangutan Sumatera (Pongo abelii) semakin menurun akibat berkurangnya habitat dan ketersediaan pohon pakan yang merupakan faktor penting bagi kelangsungan hidup Orangutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis pohon pakan Orangutan Sumatera (P. abelii) berdasarkan ketinggian tempat, bagian pohon pakan yang dimakan oleh Orangutan Sumatera (P. abelii), dan bentuk dari hasil penelitian jenis pohon pakan Orangutan Sumatera (P. abelii) di Stasiun Penelitian Ketambe berupa poster dan buku ajar sebagai referensi matakuliah Ekologi Hewan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu survey eksploratif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode line transek di 3 strata ketinggian tempat yaitu 300-600 mdpl, 600-900 mdpl, dan 900-1100 mdpl. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara -
Codiversification in an Ant-Plant Mutualism: Stem Texture And
Evolution, 58(3), 2004, pp. 554-570 CODIVERSIFICATION IN AN ANT-PLANT MUTUALISM: STEM TEXTURE AND THE EVOLUTION OF HOST USE IN CREMATOGASTER (FORMICIDAE: MYRMICINAE) INHABITANTS OF MACARANGA (EUPHORBIACEAE) SWEE-PECK QUEK,''2 STUART J. DAVIES,^ TAKAO ITINO,^ AND NAOMI E. PIERCE^ ^Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachussetts 02138 ^E-mail: [email protected] ^Center for Tropical Forest Science•Asia Program, The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University and The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachussetts 02138 "^Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan Abstract.•We investigate the evolution of host association in a cryptic complex of mutualistic Crematogaster (De- cacrema) ants that inhabits and defends Macaranga trees in Southeast Asia. Previous phylogenetic studies based on limited samplings of Decacrema present conflicting reconstructions of the evolutionary history of the association, inferring both cospeciation and the predominance of host shifts. We use cytochrome oxidase I (COI) to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships in a comprehensive sampling of the Decacrema inhabitants oí Macaranga. Using a published Macaranga phylogeny, we test whether the ants and plants have cospeciated. The COI phylogeny reveals 10 well- supported lineages and an absence of cospeciation. Host shifts, however, have been constrained by stem traits that are themselves correlated with Macaranga phylogeny. Earlier lineages of Decacrema exclusively inhabit waxy stems, a basal state in the Pachystemon clade within Macaranga, whereas younger species of Pachystemon, characterized by nonwaxy stems, are inhabited only by younger lineages of Decacrema. Despite the absence of cospeciation, the correlated succession of stem texture in both phylogenies suggests that Decacrema and Pachystemon have diversiñed in association, or codiversified. -
Structuring Mechanisms of the Crematogaster-Macaranga Ant-Plant Association: a Combined Ecological and Phylogenetic Approach
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Hochschulschriftenserver - Universität Frankfurt am Main Structuring mechanisms of the Crematogaster-Macaranga ant-plant association: A combined ecological and phylogenetic approach Dissertation at the Faculty of Biology Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt submitted by Heike B. Feldhaar Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main, 2002 1 Strukturierungsmechanismen der Crematogaster-Macaranga Ameisen-Pflanzen Assoziationen: ein kombinierter ökologischer und phylogenetischer Ansatz Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften vorgelegt beim Fachbereich Biologie der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main Heike B. Feldhaar aus Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main, 2002 2 Vom Fachbereich ................................................................................................der Johann Wolfgang Goethe – Universität als Dissertation angenommen. Dekan: ........................................................................................................ Gutachter: .......................................................................................................... Datum der Disputation: ............................................................................................ 3 Declaration/ Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit an Eides statt, daß ich die vorliegende Dissertation selbständig angefertigt habe und dabei keine anderen als die von mir angegeben Quellen und Hilfsmittel benutzt habe. Diese Dissertation -
Nectar As Fuel for Plant Protectors
//INTEGRAS/TEMPLATES/F:/3-PAGINATION/PPF/2-FIRST_PROOF/3B2/0521819415C03.3D – 75 – [75–108/34] 19.1.2005 2:31PM 3 Nectar as fuel for plant protectors SUZANNE KOPTUR Introduction Nectar is a sweet liquid produced by plants on various parts of the plant body. Most people are familiar with nectar in flowers, collected by bees to make honey, and utilized by a variety of floral visitors, some of whom serve as pollinators for the plant. Less familiar is extrafloral nectar, produced outside the flowers in extrafloral nectaries and usually not associated with pollination. Plants produce nectar in various ways (Elias 1983; Koptur 1992a), and whether they do it purposefully (secretion) or passively (excretion) has been the subject of debate between physiologists and evolutionary ecologists for many years (reviewed in Bentley 1977; see also Sabelis et al., Chapter 4). Over evolutionary time, myriad selective forces have shaped not only the morphology and func- tion of nectaries, but also the composition of the substances secreted and whether or not the structures secrete under different circumstances. Thompson’s (1994) synthetic theory of the ‘‘co-evolutionary mosaic,’’ in which different populations of a given species experience different interactions over space and time, helps to explain the variable findings researchers encounter in studying interactions between plants and predatory insects, especially those mediated by nectar (or other direct or indirect food rewards from plants). Carnivorous organisms, which can benefit plants as protectors, may rely on nectar as an energy source. If ants, wasps, other predators, and parasitoids are more likely to encounter their herbivore prey if they utilize a plant’s nectar, mutualisms are thus promoted. -
Tree Types of the World Map
Abarema abbottii-Abarema acreana-Abarema adenophora-Abarema alexandri-Abarema asplenifolia-Abarema auriculata-Abarema barbouriana-Abarema barnebyana-Abarema brachystachya-Abarema callejasii-Abarema campestris-Abarema centiflora-Abarema cochleata-Abarema cochliocarpos-Abarema commutata-Abarema curvicarpa-Abarema ferruginea-Abarema filamentosa-Abarema floribunda-Abarema gallorum-Abarema ganymedea-Abarema glauca-Abarema idiopoda-Abarema josephi-Abarema jupunba-Abarema killipii-Abarema laeta-Abarema langsdorffii-Abarema lehmannii-Abarema leucophylla-Abarema levelii-Abarema limae-Abarema longipedunculata-Abarema macradenia-Abarema maestrensis-Abarema mataybifolia-Abarema microcalyx-Abarema nipensis-Abarema obovalis-Abarema obovata-Abarema oppositifolia-Abarema oxyphyllidia-Abarema piresii-Abarema racemiflora-Abarema turbinata-Abarema villifera-Abarema villosa-Abarema zolleriana-Abatia mexicana-Abatia parviflora-Abatia rugosa-Abatia spicata-Abelia corymbosa-Abeliophyllum distichum-Abies alba-Abies amabilis-Abies balsamea-Abies beshanzuensis-Abies bracteata-Abies cephalonica-Abies chensiensis-Abies cilicica-Abies concolor-Abies delavayi-Abies densa-Abies durangensis-Abies fabri-Abies fanjingshanensis-Abies fargesii-Abies firma-Abies forrestii-Abies fraseri-Abies grandis-Abies guatemalensis-Abies hickelii-Abies hidalgensis-Abies holophylla-Abies homolepis-Abies jaliscana-Abies kawakamii-Abies koreana-Abies lasiocarpa-Abies magnifica-Abies mariesii-Abies nebrodensis-Abies nephrolepis-Abies nordmanniana-Abies numidica-Abies pindrow-Abies pinsapo-Abies