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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 336 5th International Conference on Social Science and Higher Education (ICSSHE 19) Comparative Study on the Development of Main Language Institutions in the Philippines Lili Xu Kehua Yu* The Southern Base of Confucius Institute Headquarters College of International Culture Xiamen University South China Normal University Xiamen, China Guangzhou, China Abstract—The major language institutions have established and mature operation. Whereas, organizations like Instituto branches in the Philippines. They have all about the same mission, Cervantes, The Japan Foundation Manila (JFM), Confucius that is, promote the development of their own languages in the Institutes (CIs) and Korean Cultural Center (KCC) emerge late Philippines and deepen the exchange and understanding between but develop fast. two cultures. They hold different characteristics in organization patterns, content, promoting channels and service, based on which this paper makes a comparative study of the development II. ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION MODE of these institutions in the Philippines and attempts to analyze The above-mentioned language institutions all have the their advantages and disadvantages, in a bid to draw some governments of the countries that they belong to participated in enlightenment for the development of Confucius Institutes in the the management and operation. The ways and degrees of the Philippines. participation vary from country to country. Such institutions as Goethe-institute, Instituto Cervantes, JFM and KCC have been Keywords—language institutions; the Philippines; Confucius dominated by their countries officially. Goethe-institute takes Institute; cultural communication on the Germany teaching and cultural exchanges as the official cultural communication agency of Germen government and the I. INTRODUCTION research institution. It has launched cooperation with The Philippines is an archipelagic multi-ethnic country with Philippine Department of Education and cultural organizations. rich resources and favorable geographical setting. It had a Instituto Cervantes in Manila was announced by the Spanish population of at least 100 million. As a member of the ASEAN princess named Dona Elena and received support in such and APEC, the Philippines is one of the largest economies in aspects as expenditure, teaching personnel and equipment. It is southeast Asia and has a prominent regional strategic position, created to strengthen the Spanish culture spreading in making it one of the key development areas for the world’s Southeast Asia. The Japan Foundation belongs to the Japanese major language institutions. At present, almost all of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and is an important platform for world’s major language institutions have set branches in the Japan to develop internationally. [1] JFM conducts activities Philippines. Although their purposes and core tasks in the and exchanges as an educational and cultural institution of Philippines are generally the same, their development in the Japanese embassy in Philippines. KCC is under the joint Philippines is characterized by historical, economic, social, leadership of the ministry of culture of the republic of Korea, cultural and linguistic policies. the ministry of culture, sports and tourism of the republic of Korea and the embassy of the republic of Korea in the This paper mainly sheds light on the language institutions Philippines. It has maintained a close relationship with the arts that have cooperated with the Department of Education of the and culture department of the Philippines. Philippines in SPFL before May, 2019. They are The Alliance Française (since 1920 in the Philippines), Goethe-institute By contrast, British Council, The Alliance Française and (since 1961 in the Philippines), Instituto Cervantes (since 1994 CIs are not as official as those counterparts. British Council, in the Philippines), The Japan Foundation (since 1996 in the though, has the Royal Charter,[2] makes more efforts in dilute Philippines), Korean Cultural Center (since 2011 in the the official nature, because the American colonial period left a Philippines) and Confucius Institutes (since 2006 in the deep colonial trace on the development of English in Philippine Philippines). As English serves as the official language in society. It also builds their own image of social services and Philippines, this paper also covers the British Council (since public welfare through a series of community projects such as 1978 in the Philippines). the development of child protection plans, concerning the peace maintaining process in Medan Island, etc. The Alliance Institutions like The Alliance Française, Goethe-institute Française in Manila has the independent corporate capacity and British Council have a long history and have run in with the freedom to develop. Though it is unofficial, the French Philippines for a long time with rich popularization experience government has supported it in both fund and policies, and has established a long-term partnership with Embassy of France in This research was financially supported by Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China “The Strategies of the Manila, Philippines, French schools and French companies in popularization of Mandarin Chinese in the Philippines under ‘One Belt One the Philippines, alumni association etc. CIs in Philippines run Road’” (Grant No.: 18YJC740118) and Xiamen University Graduate Field Fund Survey “The Intercultural Teaching Competence of Chinese Language Teachers Survey”(Grant No.: 2018GF024). Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 1062 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 336 under the cooperation among Confucius Institute Headquarters, teachers and courseware resources. This mode of development the host school in Philippines and the undertaking school in enables CIs to effectively alleviate the “incompatibility” in the China. At present, four Confucius Institutes have been opened early stage of establishment, quickly acquire a student base, in Philippines. They are CI at Ateneo de Manila University and at the same time enhance the comprehensive strength of (2006), CI at Bulacan State University (2009), CI at Angeles Philippine universities in providing local social services. University Foundation (2010) and CI at University of the Philippines (2015). They are all located in the universities of III. BUSINESS SCOPE AND SPECIFIC CONTENT the Philippines, relying on the resources of the universities, and their enrollment and development plans are carried out under Focusing on language teaching and cultural exchange, the the overall planning framework of the universities of the main business of each institution centers are on language Philippines. The headquarters of Confucius Institutes will teaching, examination service, cultural exchange, library provide some support to CIs in terms of operating funds, business and social service. TABLE I. MAIN BUSINESS OF THE LANGUAGE INSTITUTIONS Examination Institutions Language teaching Library service Cultural exchange Social services service Standardized online and offline French courses Reading materials and Music; film; art, seminar; French for different groups; multimedia materials; open Translation; venue rental; employment; The Alliance culture; short program for the professional curriculum; DELF; DALF reading rooms and Quebec immigration service; restaurant Française Artist’s short-term residence in workshops assisting children’s reading corners; operation France language teaching; reading exchange activities teacher training Standardized online and Music; architecture; fashion; offline German courses; German books; newspapers design; dance; drama; film; Translation project (support German Goethe- professional curriculum; TestDaF; Goethe- and multimedia materials; literature; visual arts; authors to publish books in foreign institute German teacher Test PRO open reading room; photography; communication in languages); Immigration services; promotion training; NetLibrary photography and video games; study in Germany SPFL plan academic conference Social entrepreneurship research; IELTS; TKT; teaching survey; local entrepreneurship Standardized online and Film; radio station; visual arts; vocational Open multimedia learning support and business opportunities offline English courses literature and art; creative British qualification room; online English development; Enterprise leader for different groups; industries; global digital Council examination; resources; app training; training of media personnel; professional curriculum; marketing campaign; academic college exam; downloading Peace process promotion workshop; teacher training exchange workshop Aptis test study and exchange programs; child care program Open library with more than 20,000 kinds of books, Spanish and Latin American culture Standard Spanish periodicals and multimedia Theater; dance; music; literature; spreading; work with different course; professional Instituto resources; access to art; architecture; cuisine; institutions, companies and public and curriculum; teacher DELE; SIELE Cervantes database network like Academic exchange and private organizations in different training; SPFL plan; MLA, ULRICH and CSIC; discussion on multiple subjects countries; provides meeting space