Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani 4 (2) (2020) Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/index.php/kinestetik/index MOTIVATION SURVEY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY STUDENTS OF EDUCATION TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY FKIP MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA

Gatot Jariono1*, Nur Subekti2 12Sports Education, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia

Article Info Abstrak ______Article History: This study reveals the motivation to exercise and physical activity Received September 2020 Revised A September 2020 of UMS POR students in the COVID 19 new order. This study aims Accepted September 2020 to explore the perceptions, strategies, and challenges of UMS POR Available online September 2020 students in the COVID 19 new order in having the motivation to ______exercise and perform physical activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. This case study uses quantitative and qualitative Keywords: methods. Quantitative data using questionnaires and qualitative data motivation to exercise, physical activity, covid 19 obtained through interactive interviews using google forms. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequencies through Excel Microsoft 2013 and qualitative data were analyzed through interactive thematic data analysis. The results showed that (i) the sports motivation of UMS POR students in the COVID 19 new order was in a good category or 61.21%, (ii) The physical activity of UMS POR students in the COVID 19 new order was in a good category or was 71.03%. This study recommends that the more frequent physical activity students maintain their physical quality, this must be balanced with sports motivation that is qualified in the COVID 19 new order.

Corresponding address: Jln. Gayam No. 2 Karangasem, Jawa Tengah ISSN 2685-6514 (online) Email :[email protected] ISSN 2477-331X (print) DOI : 10.33369/jk.v4i2.12449

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INTRODUCTION Restriction (PSBB) policy and finally a new normal or new life order is In new order era, it limits a person implemented for physical activity to do physical activity outside the home, provided that they maintain health in this case someone lacks motivation to protocols imposed by the government to exercise, and limits his daily physical suppress the spread of this virus. Efforts activity. Basically, the motivation to to avoid the corona virus are to stay away exercise and physical activity can be done from crowds, social distance, increase individually to maintain physical fitness. immunity by doing sports activities. Basically, doing daily physical activities does not require a large space or place to Physical activity is a series of do this. Doing physical activity requires movements deliberately to improve exercise motivation, because doing physical fitness so that harmony and physical activity is easier and more harmony are formed for the formation of practical. a healthy and fit body, thus for the successful implementation of this task it Currently the world is faced with is necessary to have a match between the an outbreak of the Covid-19 virus which requirements that must be met, namely has claimed many lives regardless of anatomical and physiological in nature to various backgrounds, social status, the type and intensity of physical tasks. education, occupation, and no longer and motivation to carry out sports recognizes and takes into account skin activities that must be carried out. color, ethnicity or ethnicity, race, even religion. all become one color and close Motivation is an impetus that ranks to fight the plague that swept the arises from within and from outside a world. person to carry out daily activities either without encouragement from other Corona virus infection is called people or encouragement from others to COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) carry out their activities. This is in line and was first discovered in the city of with Slameto (2003: 170), Walgito (2003: Wuhan, at the end of December 220) Dimyati and Mudjiono (2002: 80) 2019. This virus is spreading very quickly Hamalik (2005: 106), Hamzah B Uno and massively and has spread throughout (2010: 66), and Gunarsa (2008: 53) the world including Indonesia. This experts. This suggests that motivation is a makes several countries implement change in energy within and from outside policies to impose lockdowns withclose a person which is characterized by a all access in and out of their respective feeling of reaction to achieve certain territoriesin order to prevent the spread of goals. Motivation contains desires, hopes, Covid-19. All corners of Indonesia have needs, goals, objectives and incentives. implemented a Large-Scale Social This condition is what activates, moves,

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channels, and directs the attitudes and in carrying out their daily activities can behavior of individual learning. From the avoid the impact of Covid 19. To do motivation to do sports activities, then sports activities to improve physical arises from someone to do physical fitness, it does not have to be done in open activity. Physical activity is a daily places such as fields but can be done activity carried out by a person to indoors such as in a fitness center or done maintain body fitness. This is in line with at home (stay at home). In accordance the opinion of Irianto (2000: 46), with these circumstances, the researcher Faturrohman and Sutikno (2020: 19), intends to conduct a survey of the interest Rivai and Murni (2009: 732) someone in sports and physical activity carried out who performs physical activity with the by students during the Covid 19 type of exercise and intensity that has met pandemic and in the current new order. the requirements, as well as the length of exercise with a frequency that is enough METHODS every week, will be able to obtain and maintain physical fitness. The method used in this research is survey research using qualitative and Physical fitness is doing daily quantitative approaches. This research activities without feeling tired. This is in was conducted from July to August 2020. line with the opinion of Mutohir and Participants [this is formatted as Heading Maksum (2007: 51), Mukholid (2007: Level 2]. 34), Wahjoedi (2003: 58), the Indonesian This research was conducted in Health Ministry (2009: 9), and Sukoharjo with the research sample being Giriwijoyo (2007: 43) some experts argue all students of the sports education study that physical fitness is a very important program, Muhammadiyah University of aspect of physical fitness as a whole, Surakarta. With a total sample of 214 people who had filled out a questionnaire which in turn will give a person the ability via google form. to lead a productive life and be able to adapt to any proper physical load. Sampling Procedures Physical fitness refers to the ability and The sampling procedure was physical ability of a person to carry out purposive sampling. Proposive sampling his daily tasks with enthusiasm is an alternative, because the researcher considers the sample who has filled out a effectively and efficiently for a relatively form via google form by considering the long time without causing significant student's ability, one of which is having fatigue, and still has spare energy to carry an internet quota. In this study, out other activities. researchers conducted a survey with the help of google form through the link: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1hfyoG But on the other hand, to carry out Gz0msPt8Ybh43a2O4geUdzBlL9Xc13y sports activities in this new era, you must nduFY8/edit follow health protocols, so that someone

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This research requires research; and (3) finding the validity of consideration on the grounds of the the data through triangulation. student's ability to take the time to fill out Design or Data Analysis the google form online This online costs This research uses a quantitative money. So the researcher spends on the research approach and a qualitative sample only those who are able to fill out approach. Meanwhile, data analysis was the form and have an internal quota as the carried out by examining the data sample. obtained from distributing questionnaires Materials and Apparatus and interviews. Therefore, the data The data collection technique used analysis process uses qualitative and several techniques, namely 1) The quantitative approaches, the data analysis interview method was conducted process starts with data reduction, data intensively with informants to obtain the display, and data verification, while the information needed in this study. explanation of the data analysis technique Interviews were conducted in two ways, can be described as follows: namely open and closed interviews. Open 1) Data reduction refers to the process of selecting raw data that occurs in interviews are meant to dig deeper into the field when data collection takes the analysis of the motivation for sports place through written field notes and physical activity carried out by through distributing questionnaires students during the Covid 19 pandemic about exercise motivation and and in the current new order. Meanwhile, physical activity to UMS POR students. Then categorize the data a closed interview is to confirm the obtained in both qualitative and research data; and 2) the questionnaire quantitative forms. The data is then method is distributed via google form analyzed using the descriptive online to students of the sports education statistical frequency test. study program to obtain quantitative data. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequency descriptive statistics through Microsoft Excel Procedures 2013, and qualitative data were The procedure in this study analyzed through interactive consisted of three stages, namely (1) the thematic data analysis first stage the researcher categorized the 2) Display data is a step where the supporting and unsupportive data with researcher collects information that the focus in this study. Then the is structured to be described by researcher examines the relationship drawing conclusions by taking between the data and field notes so that action in this study; the data or information that has been 3) Data verification is done by drawing obtained in the field can be known; (2) the conclusions from the results of this second stage of the research pays study. attention to the data obtained, either in the form of direct statements or indirect conclusions related to the problem of this

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RESULT COVID 19 new order, it can be described 1. The gender of the sample in Figure 2 below The sex of the sample is more than 71,03% half male. This shows that the male 152 sample is more than the female 25,23% sample, Figure 1 below describes a 54 detailed description of the gender 2,34% 5 background of the sample in this 1,40% study; 3

0 50 100 150 200

Female 26% Figure 2. Analysis of the motivational situation exercise and physical activity Male 74% Situation analysis of the motivation to exercise and physical Figure 1. Gender of the Sample activity of sports education students in the new Covid 19 regime.More than half The description of the sex of the (71.03%) of the sample from the survey sample shows that there are more male agreed that in the COVID-19 pandemic samples than female samples in the situation, they always have motivation to process of filling out the questionnaire. exercise and and do physical activity by Among the 158 samples, 73.83% of them maintaining health protocols, 25, 23% of took the time to fill out questionnaires them are in the occasional category, online, and 26.17% were samples of 2.34% of the sample are in the rare women who took the time to fill out statement obtaining a percentage value questionnaires online. The sample is of 1.40%. Interestingly, only 1.40% of dominated by male students. Thus it can the sample never did physical activity be concluded that physical activity and and did not have the motivation to sports motivation are dominated by male exercise to maintain a better physical samples, male samples assume that condition or chose to stay at home during physical activity and sports motivation are the COVID 19 pandemic. Figure 2 in accordance with their needs. shows that most of the samples in this study were sample of men to do physical 2. Situation analysis activity. Motivation to exercise and physical activity are like sides of a coin Related of exercise motivation that need each other, without motivation and physical activity during this to exercise, it is impossible to do physical pandemic was supported by the activity regularly and vice versa, physical interviews results with samples by activity is not accompanied by motivation telephone lines. The interview results to exercise, so a person is always lazy to with the sample "I am more enthusiastic do movement activities. From the about maintaining a better physical situation analysis about motivation to condition" (interview with Alif exercise and physical activity in the Khorouman Abidin, Thursday 27 August 2020). Thus motivation is a

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psychological condition that encourages exercise motivation and physical activity the supporter community to do can be described as follows: something 1) The motivation to exercise UMS 3. Benefits of motivation to exercise and POR students in the COVID 19 new physical activity order is in a very good category, this Based on the study results, there are is evidenced by a questionnaire that three categories of benefits from physical has been distributed via google form activity and motivation to exercise: very from 214 samples, it is known that beneficial, beneficial, and limited benefits 131 samples are very agreeable and (see Figure 3). Analysis of the motivation get a percentage value of 61.21%, to exercise and physical activity of sports and a score. The lowest was 1 sample education students in the COVID 19 new who answered strongly disagree with order a percentage value of 0.47%. Thus it can be concluded that the results of

Sangat Bermanfaat 72,43% the response strongly agree to get the Very helpful 155 highest score, this proves that the motivation to exercise sports Bermanfaat 26,64% Helpful 57 education students is in a good category. Furthermore, from the TidakUseless bermanfaat 0,93% 2 results of the descriptive analysis of the frequency, the following is 0 50 100 150 200 presented the data on the motivation to exercise of UMS POR Students in Figure 3. Benefits of exercise COVID 19 new order on following Motivation survey and physical activity histogram form:

140 131 Figure 3 shows the benefits of 120 motivation survey to exercise and physical 100 80 64 activity of sports education students in 60 40 COVID 19 new order to help them regulate 14 self-control of students to always maintain 20 1 4 0 physical fitness with a feeling of pleasure Very less Disagree Doubtful Agree Strongly in training and always trying to improve Agree the quality for success, Always trying to outperform others / self-confidence, Enjoys getting compliments on what he does, Establishing a harmonious Figure 4. Histogram of the score of relationship between friends, Training exercise motivation data with getting attention of friends and coaches / Standards of excellence, Helping 2) The physical activity of UMS POR parents garden / selling, or other students in the COVID 19 new order professions. Doing sports activities is in a good category, this is from a (football, , , and questionnaire that has been others, as well as doing sports activities distributed via google questionnaire (cycling, rock climbing, running / jogging form from 214 samples, it is known and others. The benefits resulting from that 152 samples are always in the

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statement and get a percentage value psychological condition that encourages of 71.03%, and the lowest score is students to do something. In doing found. 3 samples are in the statement physical activities, motivation is needed, never get a percentage value of 1.40%. Thus it can be concluded that 4. The impact of the survey on exercise the results of the response always get motivation and physical activity the highest score, this proves that the The impact of survey on exercise physical activity of the UMS POR motivation and physical activity of sports Students in the COVID 19 new order education students on the COVID 19 new is in a good category. Furthermore, order has categories, namely strongly from the results of the descriptive agree, agree, doubt, disagree, and strongly frequency analysis, the following is disagree. The results of survey can be seen presented the physical activity data in the following histogram. of UMS POR Students in the COVID 131 19 new order in the following 140 histogram form: 120 100 80 65 60 40 14 Selalu 71,03% 4 (30,37(61,21%) Always 152 20 0 (1,87) (6,54) 0 0,00%

Kadang-kadang 25,23% Sometim 54 Very less Disagree Doubtful Agree Strongly es Agree Jarang 2,34% 5 Rarely Tidak Pernah 1,40% 3 Never 0 50 100 150 200 Figure 6. The impact of the exercise Figure 5. Histogram of data on scores of motivation survey and physical physical activity results of activity UMS POR Students in the new COVID 19 setting Figure 6 below shows that there is a strong tendency where students in The exercise motivation benefits doing physical activities are always survey and physical activity of sports accompanied by motivation to carry out education students in COVID 19 new daily activities both in the surrounding order in terms of knowledge, skills, environment and in the surrounding abilities, and motivation. Knowledge as environment. Figure 6 illustrates that the basis of truth that students must there are no students who believe that the understand in maintaining their exercise motivation survey and physical motivation to exercise and carry out activity have a negative impact on physical activity for sports education students. The existence of a survey students in COVID 19 new order; Skills activity motivation to exercise and are the ability of students to formulate physical activity for students has a goals, strategies, sympathy and empathy positive impact by understanding the to control their physical fitness; Ability importance of doing physical activity is the capacity of students to carry out during a pandemic so that the body various physical activities to keep the remains in shape and applying it in their body healthy; and motivation is a

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daily lives, especially in keeping the results it can be concluded that the body healthy. challenges faced in this millennial era are very high, the last few months, there 5. Motivational challenges for sports has been an interesting phenomenon in and physical activity the danger of COVID 19 spread, namely that the public still ignores health Even though the students stated a protocols, especially in the challenges positive impact on the motivational realm, motivation to exercise and behavior of sports and physical activity physical activity, which is very of sports education students in the interesting to study further in subsequent COVID 19 new order, they still face studies. some challenges. And one of obstacles in doing physical activity is the massive DISCUSSION spread of COVID 19. The description of Based on data obtained in understanding impact motivation to research on the motivation analysis to exercise and physical activity of students exercise and physical activity of UMS in the COVID 19 new order can be seen POR students in the COVID 19 new in the following histogram: order, it is in a good category. Described on each indicator and sub-indicator statement in the percentage value (%) of 77,57% Sangat tinggi questionnaire statement of the Very high 166 motivation to exercise and physical 21,50% sangatVery terbatas activity of the UMS POR students in the limited 46 COVID 19 new order, from each

0,93% indicator having a happy feeling in HesitatesRagu-ragu 2 training and always trying to improve

0 50 100 150 200 the quality for success, always trying to outperform others / self-confidence, Figure 7. Survey challenges of motivation enjoy getting praise for what he does, to exercise and physical activity forging a harmonious relationship between friends, training with hope of Based on Figure 7, the getting the attention of friends and motivation survey to exercise and coaches/ excellence standards, helping physical activity to students in the parents with gardening/ selling, or other COVID 19 new order is the lack of professions, do sports activities awareness of the surrounding (football, volleyball, badminton, etc., as community about the dangers of well perform sports activities (cycling, spreading COVID 19 by complying with rock climbing, running/ jogging and health protocols. These results are other sobtained a percentage value of evidenced by a questionnaire that has 61.21% and 71.03%. The cumulative been distributed from 150 samples, it is value of presentation can be calculated known that 166 or 77.57% of the with an average value of 66.12% or in samples are in a very high statement of the good category. The statement in this understanding and the lowest score is in good category is supported by the the very limited understanding category, interpretation criteria of Riduwan's score and there are 2 samples who are in a (2013: 18) at an interval of 61% - 80% in statement of doubt obtaining a good category or by 66.12%. Thus, this percentage value of 0.93%. From these

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proves that the motivation to exercise CONCLUSION and physical activity of POR UMS In accordance with the results students in the COVID 19 new order has and discussion of the research above, a a positive impact on doing one's conclusion can be drawn that: (i) the activities. sports motivation of UMS POR students in the COVID 19 new order is in a good The motivation to exercise and category or is 61.21%, (ii) the physical physical activity of UMS POR students activity of UMS POR Students in the in the COVID 19 new order shows that new COVID order 19 in good category the phenomenology of the COVID 19 or 71.03%. pandemic in exercise motivation and physical activity is influenced by ACKNOWLEDGEMENT motivation both from within and outside of a person in doing physical activity. This research is an individual Blegur and Mae (2018) argue that lecturer grant research funded by the motivation is an internal energy force that determines all aspects of individual Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta behavior. This also affects how with the number PID-1633 for the 2020- individuals think, feel, and interact with 2021 budget year. other individuals. This is in line with the opinion of Slathia, Singh, and Dar REFERENCES (2015). In sports themselves, athletes need motivational interventions for the Blegur, J dan Mae R.M. 2018. Motivasi training and competition process, even berolahraga atlet atletik dan Tinju. motivation is generally accepted as an Jurnal Keolahragaan, 6 (1) 29-37 important prerequisite for delivering Dimyati dan Mudjiono. (2002). Belajar dan athletes to fulfill their potential and Pembelajaran. : Rineka Cipta Faturrohman, Pupuh dan Sutikno, M. Sobry, performance. Motivation and sports 2010. Strategi Belajar Mengajar, performance play an important role, Melalui Penanaman Konsep Umum & because the level of physical stress Konsep Islami, Bandung: Refika increases as the level of competition Aditama increases, the desire to achieve success Giriwijoyo Santoso H.Y.S. dan Sidik, Zafar, and exercise is an obvious one. Dikdik (2007). Ilmu Faal Olahraga (Fisiologi Olahraga), Fungsi Tubuh This is in line with the results of Manusia pada Olahraga untuk Hadi's (2020) research that exercise is Kesehatan dan Untuk Prestasi, Edisi. 7 one of the physical activities that must be , UPI Bandung, done during COVID 19 pandemic. The Gunarsa, Singgih, D, (2008). Psikologi Olahraga Prestasi. Jakarta: Pbk community must remain active even Gunung Mulia though they are working and studying Hadi, Faisal Kusuma, 2020. Aktivitas from home. Social distancing and work olahraga bersepeda masyarakat di from home tend to make a person have a Kabupaten Malang Pada Masa sedentary lifestyle, studies show that a Pandemi Covid 19. Sport Science & sedentary lifestyle can reduce immunity, Education Journal, 1 (2) 28-36 thereby increasing the risk of viral Hamalik, Oemar. 2005. Perencanaan infection (Association of sports Pengajaran Berdasarkan Pendekatan. specialists, 2020). Sistem. Jakarta: PT Bumi Aksara.

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