Sport and Development Module MBA in Management, Escuela Universitaria Real Madrid Martha Saavedra, PhD, April 2015

This module will investigate the relationship between contemporary , politics and development. Sport is often posited as a tool to assist in economic and social development. The World Bank, the International Olympic Committee, international sport federations, major professional sport leagues, national governments and a myriad of other advocates argue that sport can contribute to the empowerment, prosperity, health and overall well-being of individuals, communities, and nation-states. For countries facing acute demographic shifts towards youth, many look to sport to alleviate unemployment, drug use and delinquency. For those on the other side of the demographic transition, sport can provide physical, mental and social benefits to improve the well-being of an aging population. Sport can be used to promote social inclusion of otherwise marginalized people. Finally, in situations of conflict or natural disaster, sport might also contribute to unity, peace and humanitarian relief.

In this module we will examine these claims by looking at the history of modern sport, its relationship to the political realm, and its contributions to what is called "development". Some of the topics covered include: colonialism, imperialism, nationalism, the modern state, globalization, international sporting institutions, elite versus mass sport, and mega-events. The module will pay close attention to factors of social power and capital as well as gender, sexuality, class, race and ableness. For sport industry professionals, this module will also provide frameworks to assist in assessing how historical and sociocultural forces shape the sporting milieu, creating both challenges and opportunities. It will also provide some tools for evaluating and integrating ‘sport and development’ initiatives into overall activities, whether in for-profit, non-profit, public or social enterprise sectors.

Assessment: There will be a pre-module assignment to familiarize students with the terms and lines of inquiry associated with this topic. A short post-module written test will assess students’ grasp of concepts, evidence and tools covered in the module and allow students to express their thoughts on integrating ‘sport and development’ into sport management endeavors.

Outline of Sport and Development Module Topics

Session 1: Sport and Development ~ Past and Present or “Why do history, politics and development matter for sport?” 1. Part 1: Situating the topic – The Past: Overview, Definitions, Demographics and Examples

a. What is development? 1 b. Role of Sport Historically

i. Nation Building Page ii. Civic culture, Health and Hygiene, Social Progress iii. Imperialism then and now iv. Soft power

c. Youth, Demographic Dividend and Sport d. Sport and Politics i. Example – Apartheid 2. Part 2: The Present a. Contemporary Wave of Sport and Development i. 2005: Year of Sport and Development; Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the Post-2015 Development Agenda, and Other Aspirations 1. Are good intentions enough? ii. Types of SAD iii. Why so much in Africa, in particular? iv. Sport and Development as a business 1. CSR 2. NGOs 3. Government 4. Education 5. Nuts and Bolts or Organizational theory

Session 2: Equity and Social Inclusion in Sport or “Aren’t we just finding new consumers for the sport industry?” 3. Part 3: Biology or Culture? a. The 800 meters b. Gender and development i. Equality? ii. Empowerment and transformation iii. Sexuality – why is gender an issue? iv. Religion c. Temporary Able-bodiedness – Notions of Normal i. Disability, mainstreaming and inclusivity 4. Part 4: Case Studies a. Women’s Football League in Coastal – Moving the Goalposts- i. Next steps for MTG? b. Soccer without Borders

Session 3: A) The Lure of Mega-events and the road to riches…?; and B) Causality and Efficacy or “Did my effort make a difference and who cares anyway?” 5. Part 5: Mega-Events a. Value added for whom? b. Legacy? 6. Monitoring and Evaluation a. Sport, Development and Philanthropy i. Power and inequality

ii. Surveillance, Accountability, Assessment, Monitoring and Evaluation 2 iii. The Data Revolution

b. Tools of the endeavor Page

Topics and Recommended Readings

Session 1: Sport and Development ~ Past and Present or “Why do history, politics and development matter for sport?”

1. Part 1: Situating the topic – The Past: Overview, Definitions, Demographics and Examples • What is development? • Role of Sport Historically i. Nation Building ii. Civic culture, Health and Hygiene, Social Progress iii. Imperialism then and now iv. Soft power • Youth, Demographic Dividend and Sport • Sport and Politics i. Example – Apartheid

• Reference and Recommended Readings: • Alegi, Peter. 2004. Laduma!: Soccer, Politics and Society in . University of Kwazulu Natal Press. • Alegi, Peter C. 2002. Playing to the Gallery? Sport, Cultural Performance, and Social Identity in South Africa, 1920s-1945. The International Journal of African Historical Studies 35, no. 1 (January 1): 17-38. • Alegi, Peter. 2010. African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World's Game. Ohio University Press.. • Baker, William J. 1987. Sport in Africa: Essays in Social History. Holmes & Meier Publishers. • Darby, P., D. P. Martinez, and P. B. Mukharji. 2008. Stanley Rous's' own goal': football politics, South Africa and the Contest for the FIFA presidency in 1974. Soccer and Society 9, no. 2: 259-272. • Darby, Paul. 2002. Africa, Football and FIFA: Politics, Colonialism and Resistance. Routledge. • Darby, Paul. 2003. Africa, the FIFA Presidency, and the Governance of World Football: 1974, 1998, and 2002. Africa Today 50, no. 1: 3-24. doi:10.1353/at.2003.0055. • Deville-Danthu, Bernadette. 1997. Le sport en noir et blanc: du sport colonial au sport africain dans les anciens territoires français d'Afrique occidentale (1920-1965). Paris:

L'Harmattan. 3 • Dine, Philip. ", and Sport: From Colonisation to Globalisation." Modern & Page Contemporary France 10, no. 4 (2002): 495-505. • Fair, L. "Kickin' It: Leisure, Politics and Football in Colonial Zanzibar, 1900s-1950s." Africa 67, no. 2 (1997): 224-51.

• Goldblatt, David. 2008. The Ball is Round: A Global History of Soccer. Riverhead Trade, January 2. • James, C. L. R. Beyond a Boundary. : Hutchinson, 1963. • King, C. R. 2009. Special Issue: Sport in the Pacific: colonial and postcolonial consequences. International Journal of the History of Sport 26, no. 16: 2311-2449. • Kirk-Greene, Anthony. 2000. Britain's Imperial Administrators, 1858-1966. Palgrave Macmillan, May 5. • Lin, Chien-Yu, and Ping-Chao Lee. "Sport as a Medium of National Resistance: Politics and in Taiwan During Japanese Colonialism, 18951945." International Journal of the History of Sport 24, no. 3 (2007): 319-37. • Majumdar, B. "Cultural Resistance and Sport: Politics, Leisure and Colonialism-Lagaan- Invoking Lost History." Sport in Society 5, no. 2 (2002): 29-44. • Mangan, J.A. 1998. The Games Ethic and Imperialism: Aspects of the Diffusion of an Ideal. 2nd ed. Routledge, February 1. • Mangan, J. A. 2001. Soccer as Moral Training: Missionary Intentions and Imperial Legacies. Soccer & Society 2, no. 2: 41. doi:10.1080/714004848. • Manzenreiter, Wolfram. "Football Diplomacy, Post-Colonialism and 's Quest for Normal State Status." Sport in Society 11, no. 4 (2008): 414 - 28-14 - 28. • Morris, Andrew. 2007. “Kanō Baseball and ‘Triethnic’ Identity in 1930s Taiwan.” In Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies. • Morris, A. D. 2010. Colonial Project, National Game: A History of Baseball in Taiwan. Vol. 6. Univ of California Pr. • Morris, Andrew. 2006. “Taiwan: Baseball, Colonialism and Nationalism.” Baseball Without Borders: The International Pastime, 65. • http://ieas.berkeley.edu/events/pdf/2007.10.05_Morris.pdf. • Stoddart, Brian. 1988. Sport, Cultural Imperialism, and Colonial Response in the British Empire. Comparative Studies in Society and History 30, no. 4 (October 1): 649-673.

2. Part 2: The Present • Contemporary Wave of Sport and Development i. 2005: Year of Sport and Development; Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the Post-2015 Development Agenda, and Other Aspirations 1. Are good intentions enough? ii. Types of SAD

iii. Why so much in Africa, in particular?

iv. Sport and Development as a business 4 1. CSR Page 2. NGOs 3. Government 4. Education

5. Nuts and Bolts or Organizational theory

• Reference and Recommended Readings: • Bateman, Jerram, and Tony Binns. 2014. “More than Just a Game?: Grass Roots and Development in , .” Progress in Development Studies 14 (2): 147–61. doi:10.1177/1464993413517788. • Burnett, C. 2010. Sport-for-development approaches in the South African context: a case study analysis. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation 32, no. 1: 29. • Coalter, Fred. 2010. The politics of sport-for-development: Limited focus programmes and broad gauge problems? International Review for the Sociology of Sport 45, no. 3: 295 -314. doi:10.1177/1012690210366791. • Darnell, Simon C. 2012a. Sport for Development and Peace : A Critical Sociology. London; New , NY: Bloomsbury Academic. • Darnell, Simon C. 2012b. “Olympism in Action, Olympic Hosting and the Politics of ‘Sport for Development and Peace’: Investigating the Development Discourses of Rio 2016.” Sport in Society 15 (6): 869–87. doi:10.1080/17430437.2012.708288. • Hylton, Kevin. 2013. Sports Development. Routledge. • Jeanes, Ruth. 2013. “Educating through Sport? Examining HIV/AIDS Education and Sport-for-Development through the Perspectives of Zambian Young People.” Sport, Education and Society 18 (3): 388–406. doi:10.1080/13573322.2011.579093. • Levermore, R. 2008. Sport: A new engine for development? Progress in Development Studies 8, no. 2: 183-190. • Levermore, R. 2010. CSR for Development through Sport: examining its potential and limitations. Third World Quarterly 31, no. 2: 223. doi:10.1080/01436591003711967 • Levermore, R., and A. Beacom. 2009. Sport and international development. Palgrave Macmillan. • Levermore, Roger, and Aaron Beacom. 2011. “Reassessing Sport-for-Development: Moving beyond ‘mapping the Territory.’” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 4 (1): 125–37. doi:10.1080/19406940.2011.627362. • Lindsey, Iain, and Alan Grattan. 2011. “An ‘international Movement’? Decentring Sport- for-Development within Zambian Communities.” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 4 (1): 91–110. doi:10.1080/19406940.2011.627360. • Lindsey, Iain, and Davies Banda. 2011. Sport and the fight against HIV/AIDS in Zambia: A ‘partnership approach’? International Review for the Sociology of Sport 46, no. 1 (March

1): 90 -107. doi:10.1177/1012690210376020. • Lyras, Alexis, and Jon Welty Peachey. 2011. “Integrating Sport-for-Development Theory 5

and Praxis.” Sport Management Review 14 (4): 311–26. doi:10.1016/j.smr.2011.05.006. Page • Müller, F., L. Zoonen, and L. Roode. 2008. The integrative power of sport: Imagined and real effects of sport events on multicultural integration. Sociology of sport journal 25: 387–401.

• Schulenkorf, Nico. 2012. “Sustainable Community Development through Sport and Events: A Conceptual Framework for Sport-for-Development Projects.” Sport Management Review 15 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.smr.2011.06.001. • Shin, Hyun Bang. 2014. “Urban Spatial Restructuring, Event-Led Development and Scalar Politics.” Urban Studies, January, 0042098013515031. doi:10.1177/0042098013515031. • Spaaij, Ramón, ed. 2011. The Social Impact of Sport: Cross-Cultural Perspectives (Hardback). Sport in Global Socity. London: Rout. http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415583947/. • Spaaij, Ramón. 2009. The social impact of sport: diversities, complexities and contexts. Sport in Society 12, no. 9: 1109 - 1117. • Woodcock, Alison, Órla Cronin, and Sarah Forde. 2012. “Quantitative Evidence for the Benefits of Moving the Goalposts, a Sport for Development Project in Rural Kenya.” Evaluation and Program Planning 35 (3): 370–81. doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2012.01.001.

Session 2: Equity and Social Inclusion in Sport or “Aren’t we just finding new consumers for the sport industry?”

3. Part 3: Biology or Culture? • The 800 meters • Gender and development i. Equality? ii. Empowerment and transformation iii. Sexuality – why is gender an issue? iv. Religion • Temporary Able-bodiedness – Notions of Normal i. Disability, mainstreaming and inclusivity

• Reference and Recommended Readings: • Branch, John. 2014a. “N.F.L. Prospect Michael Sam Proudly Says What Teammates Knew: He’s Gay.” The New York Times, February 9. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/10/sports/michael-sam-college-football-star-says- he-is-gay-ahead-of-nfl-draft.html. • ———. 2014b. “UMass Guard Joins List of Openly Gay Athletes.” The New York Times, April 9. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/10/sports/ncaabasketball/umass-guard-

derrick-gordon-joins-list-of-openly-gay-athletes.html. 6 • Bourgeois, Anne-Marie. 2011. “Contested Perspectives of ‘marvel’ and ‘mockery’ in Disability and Sport: Accra, Ghana.” Sport in Society 14 (9): 1237–50. Page doi:10.1080/17430437.2011.614781. • Forde, Sarah. 2008. Playing by their rules: coastal teenage girls in Kenya on life, love and football. Kilifi Kenya: Moving the Goalposts. https://www.createspace.com/3376110.

• Harris, Doug. 2013. “The Price Glenn Burke Paid For Coming Out.” All Things Considered. NPR. http://www.npr.org/2013/05/05/181410089/the-price-glenn-burke-paid-for- coming-out. • Hayhurst, Lyndsay MC. 2011. “Corporatising Sport, Gender and Development: Postcolonial IR Feminisms, Transnational Private Governance and Global Corporate Social Engagement.” Third World Quarterly 32 (3): 531–49. doi:10.1080/01436597.2011.573944. • ———. 2013a. “The ‘Girl Effect’ and Martial Arts: Social Entrepreneurship and Sport, Gender and Development in Uganda†.” Gender, Place & Culture, no. ahead-of-print: 1– 19. • ———. 2013b. “Girls as the ’New’ Agents of Social Change? Exploring the ‘Girl Effect’ Through Sport, Gender and Development Programs in Uganda.” Sociological Research Online 18 (2): 8. • Clair, Jill M. Le. 2013. Disability in the Global Sport Arena: A Sporting Chance. Routledge: Abingdon, Oxon and New York. • Meiers, M., and M. Saavedra. 2009. Esther Phiri and the Moutawakel effect in Zambia: an analysis of the use of female role models in sport-for-development. Sport in Society 12, no. 9: 1158-1176. • Nauright, John. 1997. Masculinity, Muscular Islam and Popular Culture: 'Coloured' Rugby's cultural symbolism in working-class Cape Town c. 1930-70. The International Journal of the History of Sport 14, no. 1: 184-190. • Pelak, Cynthia Fabrizio. 2010. Women and gender in South African soccer: a brief history. Soccer & Society 11, no. 1: 63 - 78. • Saavedra, M. 2005a. Women, Sport, and Development. Sport and Development International Platform. http://www.sportanddev.org/learnmore/sport_and_gender/the_role_of_sport_in_addr essing_gender_issues/index.cfm?uNewsID=63. • Saavedra, M. 2005b. Sport. In A Companion to Gender Studies, 437-454. Blackwell Companions in Cultural Studies. London: Blackwell Publishing. • Saavedra, M. 2007. Football feminine - Development of the African game: Senegal, and South Africa. Soccer and Society 4, no. 2 (September 21): 225 - 253. • Shehu, Jimoh. 2010a. “Football for Hope Centres in Africa: Intentions, Assumptions and Gendered Implications.” In Gender, Sport and Development in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Patterns of Representation and Marginalization, 135–54. Dakar, Sénégal: CODESRIA. http://codesria.org/IMG/pdf/Chap_10_Jimoh.pdf.

• ———. , ed. 2010b. Gender, Sport, and Development in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Patterns of Representations and Marginalization. Codesria Book Series. 7

Dakar: Codesria. http://codesria.org/spip.php?article1242. Page • Sheppard, Kate. 2013. “Jason Collins Is Not the First Out Gay Pro Athlete.” Mother Jones, April 29. http://www.motherjones.com/mojo/2013/04/jason-collins-not-first- out-gay-pro-athlete.

• Out: The Glenn Burke Story. 2010. http://vimeo.com/16345717. • Zirin, Dave. 2010. “Reviewing ‘OUT: The Glenn Burke Story.’” The Nation, November 9. http://www.thenation.com/blog/155946/reviewing-out-glenn-burke-story.

4. Part 4: Case Studies • Women’s Football League in Coastal Kenya – Moving the Goalposts- i. Next steps for MTG? • Soccer without Borders

• Moving the Goalposts, Kilifi, Kenya“MTGK Strategic Plan, 2011-2015.” 2011. Kilifi, Kenya: Moving the Goalposts. http://mtgk.org/sites/default/files/MTGK%20Strategic%20Plan%202011-%202015.pdf. • Soccer without Borders, Oakland CA. http://www.soccerwithoutborders.org/blog/

• Reference and Recommended Readings: • Forde, Sarah. 2008. Playing by their rules: coastal teenage girls in Kenya on life, love and football. Kilifi Kenya: Moving the Goalposts. https://www.createspace.com/3376110. • Saavedra, M. 2009. Dilemmas and Opportunities in Gender and Sport-in-Development. In Sport and international development. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, : Palgrave Macmillan. • Browse the website of MTKG: http://www.mtgk.org/

Session 3: A) The Lure of Mega-events and the road to riches…?; and B) Causality and Efficacy or “Did my effort make a difference and who cares anyway?”

5. Part 5: Mega-Events • Value added for whom? • Legacy?

• Reference and Recommended Readings: • Alegi, Peter. 2007. “The Political Economy of Mega-Stadiums and the Underdevelopment of Grassroots Football in South Africa.” Politikon 34 (3): 315–31. doi:10.1080/02589340801962635. • Almeida, Bárbara Schausteck de, Chris Bolsmann, Wanderley Marchi Júnior, and Juliano 8 de Souza. 2013. “Rationales, Rhetoric and Realities: FIFA’s World Cup in South Africa

2010 and 2014.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport, April, Page 1012690213481970. doi:10.1177/1012690213481970.

• Atkinson, Michael, and Kevin Young. 2012. “Shadowed by the Corpse of War: Sport Spectacles and the Spirit of Terrorism.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 47 (3): 286–306. doi:10.1177/1012690211433452. • Baumann, Robert, and Victor Matheson. 2013. “Infrastructure Investments and Mega- Sports Events: Comparing the Experience of Developing and Industrialized Countries.” http://crossworks.holycross.edu/econ_working_papers/147/. • Coakley, Jay, and Doralice Lange Souza. 2013. “Sport Mega-Events: Can Legacies and Development Be Equitable and Sustainable?” Motriz: Revista de Educação Física 19 (3): 580–89. doi:10.1590/S1980-65742013000300008. • Cornelissen, Scarlett. 2008. “Scripting the Nation: Sport, Mega-Events, Foreign Policy and State-Building in Post-Apartheid South Africa.” Sport in Society 11 (4): 481–93. • ———. 2011. “Mega Event Securitisation in a Third World Setting Glocal Processes and Ramifications during the 2010 FIFA World Cup.” Urban Studies 48 (15): 3221–40. doi:10.1177/0042098011422392. • Darnell, Simon C. 2012. “Olympism in Action, Olympic Hosting and the Politics of ‘Sport for Development and Peace’: Investigating the Development Discourses of Rio 2016.” Sport in Society 15 (6): 869–87. doi:10.1080/17430437.2012.708288. • Gaffney, Christopher. 2010. “Mega-Events and Socio-Spatial Dynamics in , 1919-2016.” Journal of Latin American Geography 9 (1): 7–29. doi:10.1353/lag.0.0068. • Hayes, Graeme, and John Horne. 2011. “Sustainable Development, Shock and Awe? London 2012 and Civil Society.” Sociology 45 (5): 749–64. doi:10.1177/0038038511413424. • Peeters, Thomas, Victor Matheson, and Stefan Szymanski. 2014. “Tourism and the 2010 World Cup: Lessons for Developing Countries.” Journal of African Economies, January, ejt031. doi:10.1093/jae/ejt031. • Sánchez, Fernanda, and Anne-Marie Broudehoux. 2013. “Mega-Events and Urban Regeneration in Rio de Janeiro: Planning in a State of Emergency.” International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development 5 (2): 132–53. doi:10.1080/19463138.2013.839450. • Shin, Hyun Bang. 2014. “Urban Spatial Restructuring, Event-Led Development and Scalar Politics.” Urban Studies, January, 0042098013515031. doi:10.1177/0042098013515031. • Walker, Matthew, Kiki Kaplanidou, Heather Gibson, Brijesh Thapa, Sue Geldenhuys, and Willie Coetzee. 2013. “‘Win in Africa, With Africa’: Social Responsibility, Event Image, and Destination Benefits. The Case of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa.” Tourism Management 34 (February): 80–90. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2012.03.015. • Wikipedia: “2015 in Sports.” List of events for the year 2015:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_in_sports 9

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6. Monitoring and Evaluation • Sport, Development and Philanthropy i. Power and inequality

ii. Surveillance, Accountability, Assessment, Monitoring and Evaluation • Tools of the endeavor

• Reference and Recommended Resources: i. Websites • SAD International Platform M&E toolkit: http://www.sportanddev.org/en/toolkit/monitoring___evaluation/ • Monitoring and Evaluation News website: http://mande.co.uk/ • UN Evaluation Group: http://www.uneval.org/ • World Bank Impact Evaluation: http://bit.ly/cBAh5S and http://www.worldbank.org/oed/ie/ • World Bank Recommended Readings on Impact Evaluation: http://bit.ly/dIlcOH ii. Readings • Baker, Judy. 2000. Evaluating the Impact of Development Projects on Poverty: A Handbook for Practitioners. Directions in Development, World Bank, Washington, D.C http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTISPMA/Resources/handbook.pdf • Banerjee, Abhijit and others. “Making Aid Work,” Boston Review, July/August 2006. • Coalter, Fred. "Sport-in-Development: Accountability or Development?" In Sport and International Development, edited by Roger Levermore and Aaron Beacom, 55-75. Houndsmill, Basingstrok, Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan, 2009. • Coalter, Fred. 2005. Sport-in-Development. A Monitoring and Evaluation Manual. Manual. International Platform on Sport and Development. http://www.sportanddev.org/toolkit/?uNewsID=17. • Easterly, W. "Can the West Save Africa?" Journal of Economic Literature 47, no. 2 (2009): 373-447. • Nicholls, Sara, Audrey R Giles, and Christabelle Sethna. 2010. Perpetuating the ‘lack of evidence’ discourse in sport for development: Privileged voices, unheard stories and subjugated knowledge. International Review for the Sociology of Sport. doi:10.1177/1012690210378273.

http://irs.sagepub.com/content/early/2010/09/22/1012690210378273. abstract. 10 Page Pre-Assignment for Sport and Development Module, Real Madrid MBA in Sports Management, Universidad Europea April 2015 Martha Saavedra Complete the readings below (Items 1-3). Then answer the following questions in a written document (2- 4 pages typed, double spaced, 2.5 cm margins, 12 point font). Deliver your completed to my dropbox at this site: URL: www.dropitto.me/mesaavedra Password: UEM.sportdev

Questions 1. What does ‘development’ mean to you? (One paragraph.) 2. What does ‘sport and development’ mean to you? (One paragraph.) 3. In reference to the scholarly articles you read (item 2 below), what are the major issues raised? Make sure to cite the articles. (Two to three paragraphs.) 4. What ‘sport and development’ organization did you explore? (See item 3 below). Describe briefly the activities of this organization. What challenges does it face? (One paragraph.) 5. What role(s) do you think ‘sport and development’ could have in the global sport industry? (One or two paragraphs.) 6. What would you like to know more about with respect to ‘sport and development’? (One paragraph).

Preparatory Readings:

1. International Platform on Sport and Development. -- Read through this page (click on the ‘read more’ links) “What Is Sport and Development?” International Platform on Sport and Development. http://www.sportanddev.org/en/learnmore/what_is_sport_and_development/.

2. Read two of the scholarly articles below.*

PDF copies of these readings can be found here: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/rpz52wqtpkdf08b/AABLScJ63VWgj0j1ijGHa3sIa?dl=0

Alegi, Peter. 2007. “The Political Economy of Mega-Stadiums and the Underdevelopment of Grassroots Football in South Africa.” Politikon 34 (3): 315–31. doi:10.1080/02589340801962635. Bateman, Jerram, and Tony Binns. 2014. “More than Just a Game? Grass Roots Cricket and Development in Mumbai, India.” Progress in Development Studies 14 (2): 147–61. doi:10.1177/1464993413517788.

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Coakley, Jay. 2011. “Youth Sports: What Counts as ‘Positive Development?’” Journal of Sport & Social Issues 35 (3): 306–24. doi:10.1177/0193723511417311. Giulianotti, Richard. 2011. “Sport, Transnational Peacemaking, and Global Civil Society: Exploring the Reflective Discourses of ‘Sport, Development, and Peace’ Project Officials.” Journal of Sport & Social Issues 35 (1): 50–71. doi:10.1177/0193723510396666. Hayhurst, Lyndsay MC. 2011. “Corporatising Sport, Gender and Development: Postcolonial IR Feminisms, Transnational Private Governance and Global Corporate Social Engagement.” Third World Quarterly 32 (3): 531–49. doi:10.1080/01436597.2011.573944. Levermore, Roger, and Aaron Beacom. 2011. “Reassessing Sport-for-Development: Moving beyond ‘mapping the Territory.’” International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 4 (1): 125–37. doi:10.1080/19406940.2011.627362. Malhado, Acácia C. M., Lindemberg M. Araujo, and Richard J. Ladle. 2013. “Missed Opportunities: Sustainable Mobility and the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.” Journal of Transport Geography 31 (July): 207–8. doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.06.013. Peeters, Thomas, Victor Matheson, and Stefan Szymanski. 2014. “Tourism and the 2010 World Cup: Lessons for Developing Countries.” Journal of African Economies, January, ejt031. doi:10.1093/jae/ejt031. Schulenkorf, Nico. 2012. “Sustainable Community Development through Sport and Events: A Conceptual Framework for Sport-for-Development Projects.” Sport Management Review 15 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.smr.2011.06.001. Shehu, Jimoh. 2010. “Football for Hope Centres in Africa: Intentions, Assumptions and Gendered Implications.” In Gender, Sport and Development in Africa: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Patterns of Representation and Marginalization, 135–54. Dakar, Sénégal: CODESRIA. http://codesria.org/IMG/pdf/Chap_10_Jimoh.pdf.

3. Select and read about a Sport for Development organization

Find a ‘sport and development’ organization via the web and learn about it by browsing its website, reading reports, watching media, etc. You can visit this site to locate an organization http://www.sportanddev.org/en/connect/organisations/ to find other organizations.

*Note these articles represent just some of the topics we will be addressing in this module.

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