Final Report
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Final Report Team 22 - SHARC Sustainable Housing And Responsible Construction Andrew Blunt, Robert LaPlaca, Oscar Lopez, and Julie VanDeRiet Engineering 339/340 Senior Design Project Calvin College May 10, 2018 © 2018, Calvin College and Andrew Blunt, Robert LaPlaca, Oscar Lopez, and Julie VanDeRiet 1 Executive Summary This document outlines the work that Team 22 of Calvin College’s engineering senior design project achieved over the academic year, as well as the goals they achieved. The accomplished work contains research and feasibility analysis for design decisions regarding the design of the a sustainable home. The client family desires a sustainable home near Calvin College. Team 22’s goal was to provide a solution to their problem by designing a home to comply with Passive House Institute US’s certification. This task requires a variety of engineering disciplines with specific objectives that require a parallel design process. This document outlines the research and work that Team 22 has achieved. Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary 2 Introduction 1 2.1 Project Introduction 1 2.1.1 Location 1 2.1.2 Client 1 2.2 Passive House US Requirements 1 2.3 The Team 3 2.3.1 Andrew Blunt 3 2.3.2 Robert LaPlaca 3 2.3.3 Oscar Lopez 4 2.3.4 Julie VanDeRiet 4 2.4 Senior Design Course 4 3 Results 5 3.1 Thermal Results 5 3.2 Home Design 5 3.3 Energy Performance 6 4 Project Management 7 4.1 Team Organization 7 4.2 Schedule 7 4.2.1 First Semester 7 4.2.2 Second Semester 8 4.2.3 Project Management Visualization 8 5 Design Process 9 5.1 Ethical Design Considerations 9 5.1.1 Transparency 9 5.1.2 Stewardship 9 5.1.3 Integrity 10 5.2 Design Alternatives 10 5.2.1 Certification Options 10 6 Architecture and Site 12 6.1 Client Specifications 12 6.1.1 Preliminary Client Specifications 12 6.1.2 Final Client Specifications 13 6.2 Location 14 6.3 City Regulations 14 6.4 Site Development 16 6.5 Floor Plans 16 6.5.1 Floor Plan Considerations 16 6.5.2 Basement 17 6.5.3 First Floor 18 6.5.4 Second Floor 18 6.6 Windows 19 6.7 Overhangs 20 6.8 Exterior Design 23 7 Structural 24 7.1 Structural Analysis 24 7.1.1 General 24 7.1.2 Load Combinations 24 i 7.1.3 Dead Loads 25 7.1.4 Live Loads 26 7.1.5 Structural Modeling 26 7.1.6 Roof Truss 26 7.2 Foundation Thermal Bridging 28 8 Mechanical 30 8.1 Heating and Cooling System 30 8.1.1 Heating Method Selection 31 8.1.2 Heat Pump Selection 32 8.2 Water Heating 32 8.3 Laundry 32 8.4 Ventilation 32 8.4.1 Ventilation System Selection 32 8.4.2 Utilization Pattern 33 9 Electrical 34 9.1 Appliances 34 9.1.1 Fridge/Freezer Combination 34 9.1.2 Dishwasher 34 9.1.3 Cooktop/Stove 34 9.1.4 Washer 34 9.1.5 Dryer 35 9.1.6 Water Heater 35 9.1.7 Appliance Summary 36 9.2 Energy Consumption 36 9.2.1 Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption 36 9.2.2 Appliance Energy Consumption 36 9.2.3 Lighting Energy Consumption 37 9.2.4 Miscellaneous Energy Consumption 37 9.2.5 Total Annual Energy Consumption 38 9.3 Energy Generation 39 9.3.1 Solar System Sizing Background 39 9.3.2 Roof Angle Considerations 40 9.3.3 Solar System Sizing Results 40 9.3.4 Roof Area Calculations 41 9.3.5 Solar System Cost 42 9.3.6 Tesla Solar Roof 42 9.4 Energy Monitoring 42 9.4.1 Neurio Energy Monitor 43 9.4.2 Smappee Solar 43 9.5 Power Distribution 43 9.5.1 Low Voltage DC Distribution Justification 43 9.5.2 Low Voltage Load Center 44 9.5.3 Low Voltage Distribution Factor 45 9.6 Daylighting Analysis 45 9.6.1 LEED v4 Daylighting Standard 45 9.6.2 Level 0 Daylighting Analysis 45 9.6.3 Level 1 Daylighting Analysis 47 9.6.4 Level 2 Daylighting Analysis 48 9.6.5 Daylighting Results 49 10 Thermal Modeling 50 ii 10.1 Thermal Modeling Introduction 50 10.2 WUFI ® Plus 51 10.3 Walls and Insulation 53 10.4 Thermal Modeling Results 54 11 Financial Analysis 57 11.1 Initial Budget 57 11.2 Top-Down Financial Analysis 57 11.3 Bottom-Up Financial Analysis 59 11.3.1 Estimation Software 59 11.3.2 Additional Sustainable Design Cost 59 11.4 Cost Comparison 60 11.5 Payback period 60 12 Conclusion 62 13 References 63 14 Acknowledgments 67 15 Appendices 68 15.1 Appendix A: Team 22 Second Semester Gantt Chart 69 15.2 Appendix B: Licaso Daylighting Results 70 15.3 Appendix C: Heat Pump Specification Sheet 73 15.4 Appendix D: HRV Specification Sheet 75 15.5 Appendix E: Nextek Power Hub Driver Specification Sheet 83 15.6 Appendix F: Solar Generation - PV Watts - Results 85 15.7 Appendix G: Solar Panel Specification Sheet 86 iii Table of Figures Figure 2.2a U.S. Climate Zones 2 Figure 2.3a From Left to Right: LaPlaca, Blunt, Lopez, and VanDeRiet 3 Figure 3.1a Thermal Modeling Results related to PHIUS Requirements 5 Figure 3.2a House Exterior Design 6 Figure 3.3a Annual Energy Use Comparison 6 Figure 4.2.3a Work Breakdown Schedule 8 Figure 6.1.2a Current Client Room Specifications 13 Figure 6.2a The Vos House location 14 Figure 6.3a MCN-LRD Minimum Dimensions 15 Figure 6.4a Site Plan 16 Figure 6.5.2a 0th Floor Design 17 Figure 6.5.3a First Floor Design 18 Figure 6.5.4a Second Floor Design 19 Figure 6.6a Multiple-Pane Window Energy Savings 19 Figure 6.7a Winter and Summer Solar Angle at Design Site 21 Figure 6.7b Southern First Story Overhang Design 22 Figure 6.7c Southern Second Story Overhang Design 22 Figure 6.8a House Exterior 23 Figure 7.1.6a Truss Design 27 Figure 7.1.6b Isometric Truss Design 27 Figure 7.1.6c Truss Design Load 27 Figure 7.1.6d Distribution of Trusses 28 Figure 7.2a Footing, Foundation and Wall Insulation 29 Figure 9.2.4a National Residential Site Energy Consumption by End Use 38 Figure 9.2.5a Energy Usage by End Means 39 Figure 9.5.1a Low Voltage Power Distribution System 44 iv Figure 9.7.2a Level 0 Licaso Daylighting Simulation 46 Figure 9.7.3a Level 1 Licaso Daylighting Simulation 47 Figure 9.7.4a Level 2 Licaso Daylighting Simulation 48 Figure 10.1a Grand Rapids Average Monthly Temperature 50 Figure 10.1b Grand Rapids Average Monthly Solar Radiation 51 Figure 10.3a Foundation Construction 53 Figure 10.3b Roof Construction 53 Figure 10.3c Exterior Wall Construction 54 Figure 10.4a Final Model as WUFI Input 55 Figure 10.4b Monthly Heating and Cooling Loads 55 Figure 11.2a Top Down Data Comparison 58 Figure 11.4a Simple Payback Period 61 v Table of Tables Table 2.2a Climate Zone 5 Requirements 2 Table 5.2.1a Certification Alternatives 10 Table 6.1.1a Original Client Specifications 12 Table 6.3a Lot Dimensions and Setbacks 15 Table 6.6a Window Dimensions and Cost 20 Table 7.1.2a HUD Load Combinations 24 Table 7.1.3a HUD Dead Loads 25 Table 7.1.4a HUD Load Combinations 26 Table 7.1.6a Truss Design Load Results 28 Table 8.4.2a Supply Air Ventilation Pattern 33 Table 8.4.2b Exhaust Air Ventilation Pattern 33 Table 9.1.7a Appliance Summary 36 Table 9.2.2a Annual Appliance Energy Consumption 36 Table 9.2.3a US Department of Energy Data 37 Table 9.2.4a Miscellaneous Loads Percentages 38 Table 9.2.5a Annual Energy Consumption 38 Table 9.3.1a PVWatts assumptions 40 Table 9.3.3a PVWatts Results 41 Table 10.2a WUFI Equations 52 Table 10.4a Thermal Modeling Results 56 Table 11.3.2a Sustainable Solution Costs 60 Table 11.4a Cost Analysis 61 vi 2 Introduction Calvin College Engineering Team 22 was tasked with creating the design of a sustainable house for their client. Team 22 will match the considerations of the client with the requirements of a Passive House Institute US’s sustainable home certification. This document contains research, thermal models, electrical usage and cost data, a structural model, an architectural design, and client consultation decisions. 2.1 Project Introduction 2.1.1 Location The proposed site for the client’s house is the current location of the Vos house located at 3135 Hampshire Blvd SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49506. The property is just under one acre in size1 and borders Calvin’s campus on the west side. This location provides the clients with a quick commute as well as with the potential to make the passive house a Calvin landmark. The front of the property faces south, which provides an excellent location for roof mounted solar generation. The property also incorporates a downward sloping elevation to the north, which provides the opportunity for a walk-out basement. 2.1.2 Client The client household, a family of seven, currently resides in a house in Grand Rapids. The heads of this household are two chemical engineering professors at Calvin. 2.2 Passive House US Requirements The house will most likely follow typical residential design conventions and take advantage of a wood frame.