DOCSLIB.ORG

Heuristic Molecular Lipophilicity Potential

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Heuristic Molecular Lipophilicity Potential Heuristic Molecular Lipophilicity Potential for Computer-Aided Rational Drug Design A Thesis Subrnitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon BY Qishi Du Spnng 1998 O copyright Qishi Du, 1998. Al1 rights reserved. National Library Bibliothèque nationale I*m of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington OttawaON K1AON4 Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Canada Canada Your ttY, Votre releren<ï, Our tüe Noire ret6rmce The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence ailowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sel reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/^, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownershp of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extrts substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author' s ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. The author has agreed that the library, University of Saskatchewan, may make this thesis freely available for inspection. Moreover, the author has agreed that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purpose may be granted by the professor who supe~sedthe thesis work recordai herein or, in his absence, by the Head of the Department of Chemistry in which the thesis work was done. It is understood that due recognition will be given to the author of this thesis and to the University of Saskatchewan and in any use of the material in this thesis. Copying or publication or any other use of this thesis for financial gain without approval by the University of Saskatchewan and the author's written permission is prohibited. Requests for permission to copy or to make any other use of the material in this thesis in whole or in part should be addressed to Head of the Department of Chemistry University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada, S7N OWO Acknowledgments I express sincere thanks to Dr. P.G.Mezey, for his excellent supervision, academic guidance, and ernotiond encouragement throughout my graduate study in this department. In particular, his financiai support has been the necessary condition for me to finish the two-year study at the University of Saskatchewan. His motivation, initiative, industrious and rigorous style penetrates dl parts of rny thesis. He has been not only a trusted supervisor, but also a very respected fnend during rny stay in Saskatoon. 1 also want to thank Mrs. Heather Acton for carefully checking the English of my thesis. This is very beneficial in improving my English and is important for conveying my ideas correctly. Special thanks are sent to Dr. Ron Verra11 for carefully checking and reading my thesis. His thoughtful and knowledgeable classes of solution theory are greatly helpfùl for my model HMLP. The long discussions with Dr. Verrall solve many questions in the model HMLP and give me the nght direction in my thesis research. Many new ideas corne from his classes and discussions. Thanks are aiso sent to Dr. Gustavo A. Arteca (Laurentian University) for his enlightening discussions and inspiring encouragement. 1 thank extemal examiner Dr. Mariusz Klobukowski, University of Alberta, and other members of my Thesis Cornmittee, Dr. S. Pedras, Dr. S. Reid, and Dr. M. Khoshkarn, for their time and energies spent on listening to my reports and examining my Thesis. 1 am very gratefùl to both the Dean's Office and the School of Graduate Studies and Research for their valuable Graduate Fellowship awarded to me. 1 extend thanks to al1 staff and students of the Chemistry Department, for the academic atmosphere they provide. Publications in Thesis Resea rch 1. Qishi Du, Paul G. Mezey, and Gustavo k Art- "Heunstic moleailar lipophilicity potential for mmputer-aided rational hgdesign", JoimI of Compter-Aided MOfecular Desip, 11(1997), 503-5 15. 2. Qishi Du, Paul G.Mezey, "Heuristic molecular lipophilicity potential for cornputer- aided rationai dmg design: Optimizations of screening functions", Accepted by Jmml of Compter-Ai&d MoIecularr Desigr?, (1 998). 3. Qishi Du, Paul G. Mezey, "Heuristicmoleailar lipophilicity potential for compter- aided rational dmg design: An Application to the Small Molecular System of Pyrazole Derivatives", Jaimal of Compter-Aided Moieaiim Design, sent for review, (1998). 4. Qishi Du and Gustavo A Arteca, "Modehg lipophilicity from the distribution of electrostatic potential on a molecular surface", Jminml of Compter-Aided Moiechr Design, 10(1996), 133-144. 5. Qishi Du and Gustavo A. Art- "Derivation of Fused-Sphere Molecular Surfaces from the Electrostatic Potential Distribution", Jmnud of Computatioimi Chemis~,17(1996), 1258- 1268. 6. Isabel Rozas, Qishi Du, Gustavo k Arteca, "Interrelation Between Electrostatic and Lipo philicity Potentials on Molecular Surfaces",Jorînlal ofMoleczilar Graphies, l3(1995), 98-108. ABSTRACT In my thesis research, 1 suggest a heuristic molecular lipophilicity potential (HMLP), a structure-based technique requiring no empirical indices of atornic lipophilicity. The input data used in this approach are molecular geometries and molecular surfaces. The HMLP is a modified electrostatic potentiai, combined with the averaged influences fiorn the molecular environment. Quantum mechanics is used in calculating the electron density function p(r) and the electrostatic potential V(r), and from this information a lipophilicity potential L(r) is generated. The HMLP is a unified lipophilicity and hydrophilicity potential. The interactions of dipole and multipole moments, hydrogen bonds, and charged atoms in molecules are included in the hydrophilic interactions in this model. The HMLP is used to study hydrogen bonds and water-octanol partition coefficients in several examples. The calculated results show that HMLP gives qualitatively and quantitatively correct, as well as chemically reasonable results in cases where comparisons are available. These comparisons indicate that the HMLP has advantages over the empincal lipophilicity potential in many aspects. Three possible screening functions and parameters used in them are tested and optirnized in this research. Power screening fùnction, bi/llR,-rllT, and exponential screening function, b;e~p(-(IRi-i-rll/do), give satisfactory results. A new strategy for dmg design and combinatory chemistry is presented based on HMLP, and is used in the study of a small molecular system, pyrazole and its derivatives. The mechanism of inhibition of LADH caused by pyrazole and its derivatives is explained based on the calculation results of HMLP indices. Good results are achieved in this example. Further improvernents of screening function and visualization of HMLP by computer graphics are discussed. 1 suggest two possible visualization approaches of HMLP: a two-color system and a three-color system. Their possible applications are discussed. HMLP is suggested as a potential tool in cornputer-aided three- dimensional dnig design, studies of 3D-QSAR, active structure of proteins, combinatory chemist ry, and ot her types of molenilar interactions. Table of Contents Preface i .. Copyright 15 ... Acknowledgments III Publications in Thesis Research iv Abstract v Table of Contents vi Chapter 1: Theoretical and Experimental Background of Molecular Lipo philicity Hydration and Molecular Lipophilicity Solvation and Hydration Molecular Interactions in Solvation Structure of Water Molecules in Liquid Molecular Lipophilicity and Hydrophilicity Moiecular Electrostatic Potentid and Force Field Molecular Electrostatic Potential The Role of MEP in Molecular Interactions MoIecuIar Electric Force Field Ab Initio Calculation of MEP Density Matrix and MEP Fuzzy Electron Density Fragmentation Principle Additive Fu- Density Fragmentation Scheme Partition Coefficients as a Measure of Molecular Lipophilicity Partition Coefficients Partition Coefficients in p--r Analysis Molecular Lipophilicity in Advanced Drug Design Approaches Experimental Methods for DetemWiing log P Flask-Shaking Method and Determination of Phase Concentrations MiceUar Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatograp hy NMR in the Study of Lipophilicity DynamicNMR Water Oxygen- 17 Magnetic Relaxation Techniques other than NMR Measurements of Interaction Forces between Surfaces Direct Measurements of ~ntennoIecu1arand Surface Forces Applications of Direct Measurements of Forces Chapter 2: Review of Research of Molecular Lipophilicity Empiricai Estimations of Partition Coefficients Derived from MolecuIar Structure Estimations of logP Based on Molecular Surface Idonnation Empirical Formulas Based on Atomic Charge, Surface Area, and Dipole Moment Empirical Formulas for Hydration Free Energy Fragmenta1 Contribution to log P Estimation of Partition Coefficients Based on Molecular Electrostatic Po tential Quantum-Mechanical Methods to Compute the Solvation Free Energy Discrete and Continuum Quantum-Mechanical Models Self-Consistent Readon Field (SCRF) Method for Evaluating AG,id Double-Layer Polarizable Quantum Continuum Model
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bio-Based Reactive Diluents and Thiol-Ene
    BIO-BASED REACTIVE DILUENTS AND THIOL-ENE PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN COATINGS A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of the University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Kosin Wutticharoenwong December, 2007 BIO-BASED REACTIVE DILUENTS AND THIOL-ENE PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN COATINGS Kosin Wutticharoenwong Dissertation Approved: Accepted: _____________________________ _____________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Mark D. Soucek Dr. Sadhan C. Jana _____________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. Kevin Cavicchi Dr. Stephen Cheng _____________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Kyonsuku Min Cakmak Dr. George R. Newkome _____________________________ _____________________________ Committee Member Date Dr. George Chase _____________________________ Committee Member Dr. Wiley J. Youngs ii ABSTRACT Tung oil was used as diene for modification via a Diels-Alder reaction with acrylate dienophiles. Tung oil was modified with three different acrylate molecules: 3- methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MAS), 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFM) and triallyl ether acrylate (TAEA) at atmospheric pressure. The modified tung oils were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT-IR. The molecular weight and distribution were characterized using GPC, and MALDI-TOF. The effects of new acrylate modified tung oils on the properties of alkyd-based coatings film were investigated including hardness, solvent resistance, flexibility, gloss, impact resistance, contact angle, tensile, and thermo-mechanical properties. The viscosity can be reduced to the application viscosity of the alkyd by the reactive diluents. Drying time study showed that drying time can be altered by types and level of diluent added. All the results revealed that modified tung oils can be used as volatile organic compound (VOC) compliant in alkyd systems.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0285191 A1 Kalechofsky (43) Pub
    US 20140285.191A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0285191 A1 Kalechofsky (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 25, 2014 (54) TECHNIQUES, SYSTEMS AND MACHINE Related U.S. Application Data SEREROGRAMS FOR MAGNETIC (60) Provisional application No. 61/802,315, filed on Mar. 15, 2013. (71) Applicant: Millikelvin Technologies LLC, Publication Classification Braintree, MA (US) (51) Int. Cl. (72) Inventor: Neil Kalechofsky, Stow, MA (US) GOIR 33/483 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. (73) Assignee: Millikelvin Technologies LLC, Sc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GOIR 33/483 Eo Braintree, MA (US) r (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 14/210,389 The present disclosure provides various methods and systems for performing magnetic resonance studies. In accordance with many embodiments, image or other information of inter (22) Filed: Mar 13, 2014 est is derived from Super radiant pulses. 4. ... -- { 0.02 0.04 0.06 8. Patent Application Publication Sep. 25, 2014 Sheet 1 of 11 US 2014/0285.191 A1 x^ { E. Patent Application Publication Sep. 25, 2014 Sheet 2 of 11 US 2014/0285.191 A1 Patent Application Publication Sep. 25, 2014 Sheet 3 of 11 US 2014/0285.191 A1 GRE3 83. - 2 -3 2 s 8 13 .4 . O. Resonance 2 Eros:::::c:::::::::&Xss's ...'...'...', xxxx-xxx; S -1 -O- -3 i. 8 O. Patent Application Publication Sep. 25, 2014 Sheet 4 of 11 US 2014/0285.191 A1 :*:::::::::::::: : GRE 4A GRE 48 Patent Application Publication Sep. 25, 2014 Sheet 5 of 11 US 2014/0285.191 A1 *::::::::::::::: 3: Patent Application Publication Sep. 25, 2014 Sheet 6 of 11 US 2014/0285.191 A1 3rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr-ee: Patent Application Publication Sep.
    [Show full text]
  • Book of Abstrcts
    ICOSECS 8 University of Belgrade 8th International Conference Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy of the Chemical Societies Belgrade, Serbia, June 27-29, 2013 of the South-East European Countries BOOK OF ABSTRACTS organized by SAC - Society of Albanian Chemists Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia - SCTM UCB - Union of Chemists in Bulgaria Chemical Society of Montenegro - CSM PUC - Pancyprian Union of Chemists Romanian Chemical Society - RCS AGC - Association of Greek Chemists Serbian Chemical Society - SCS CIP - Каталогизација у публикацији Народна библиотека Србије, Београд 54(048)(0.034.2) 577.1(048)(0.034.2) 66(048)(0.034.2) INTERNATIONAL Conference of the Chemical Societies of the South-East European Countries (8 ; 2013 ; Belgrade) Book of abstracts [Elektronski izvor] / 8th International Conference of the Chemical Societies of the South-East European Countries - ICOSECS 8, Belgrade, Serbia, June 27-29, 2013 ; [organized by the Society of Albanian Chemists ... et al. ; editors Sofija Sovilj, Aleksandar Dekanski]. - Belgrade : Serbian Chemical Society, 2013 (Belgrade : Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy). - 1 elektronski optički disk (CD-ROM) ; 12 cm Sistemski zahtevi: Adobe Reader. - Nasl. sa naslovne strane dokumenta. - Tiraž 250. - Bibliografija uz većinu radova. ISBN 978-86-7132-053-5 1. Society of Albanian Chemists a) Хемија - Апстракти b) Биохемија - Апстракти c) Хемијска технологија - Апстракти COBISS.SR-ID 199136780 ICOSECS 8 8th International Conference of the Chemical Societies of the South-East European
    [Show full text]
  • A Perspective: Active Role of Lipids in Neurotransmitter Dynamics
    Molecular Neurobiology https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-019-01775-7 A Perspective: Active Role of Lipids in Neurotransmitter Dynamics Pekka A. Postila1,2 & Tomasz Róg3 Received: 6 June 2019 /Accepted: 1 September 2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Synaptic neurotransmission is generally considered as a function of membrane-embedded receptors and ion channels in response to the neurotransmitter (NT) release and binding. This perspective aims to widen the protein-centric view by including another vital component—the synaptic membrane—in the discussion. A vast set of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and biophysical experiments indicate that NTs are divided into membrane-binding and membrane-nonbinding categories. The binary choice takes place at the water-membrane interface and follows closely the positioning of the receptors’ binding sites in relation to the membrane. Accordingly, when a lipophilic NT is on route to a membrane-buried binding site, it adheres on the membrane and, then, travels along its plane towards the receptor. In contrast, lipophobic NTs, which are destined to bind into receptors with extracellular binding sites, prefer the water phase. This membrane-based sorting splits the neurotransmission into membrane- independent and membrane-dependent mechanisms and should make the NT binding into the receptors more efficient than random diffusion would allow. The potential implications and notable exceptions to the mechanisms are discussed here. Importantly, maintaining specific membrane lipid compositions (MLCs) at the synapses, especially regarding anionic lipids, affect the level of NT-membrane association. These effects provide a plausible link between the MLC imbalances and neuro- logical diseases such as depression or Parkinson’s disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Modulation of Solid Surface with Desirable Under-Liquid Wettability
    Chemical Science EDGE ARTICLE View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Modulation of solid surface with desirable under- liquid wettability based on molecular hydrophilic– Cite this: Chem. Sci.,2021,12,6136 lipophilic balance† All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society ad a a c a of Chemistry Yang Wang, Qifei Wang, Baixian Wang, Ye Tian, Jiancheng Di, * Zuankai Wang, d Lei Jiang c and Jihong Yu *ab There has been great interest in the fabrication of solid surfaces with desirable under-liquid wettability, and especially under-liquid dual-lyophobicity, because of their potential for widespread use. However, there remains the lack of a general principle to modulate the under-liquid wettability in terms of surface energy (SE). Herein, we found that the relative proportion between the polar and dispersive components in SE that reflects the competition between hydrophilicity and lipophilicity governs the under-liquid wettability of the solid surface. For the first time, we introduced hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) calculated solely based on the amount and type of hydrophilic and lipophilic fragments in surface Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. molecules to rapidly predict the under-liquid wettability of a solid surface, thereby guiding the fabrication of solid surfaces with desirable under-liquid wettability. Accordingly, the under-liquid dual superlyophobic surfaces in a nonpolar oil–water-solid system were fabricated by grafting molecules with Received 9th February 2021 appropriate HLB values (e.g., 6.341–7.673 in a cyclohexane–water–solid system) onto porous Accepted 11th March 2021 nanofibrous membranes, which were able to achieve continuous separation of oil–water mixtures.
    [Show full text]
  • Routes of Human Exposure to Per- and Polyfluorinated Compounds (Pfcs) In
    Routes of Human Exposure to Per- and Polyfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) in Winnipeg Homes by Neda Nikoobakht A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of the University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2014 by Neda Nikoobakht Abstract Per and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) include a large group of chemicals which are known to be toxic, bioaccumulative and resistant to hydrolysis, photolysis, mi- crobial degradation and metabolism. However, human exposure pathways and toxic ef- fects to humans are still widely unknown and more data is needed over time. The concen- trations of 7 PFCs were measured in indoor air from homes in Winnipeg, Manitoba using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 16 PFCs were measured in house dust from Winnipeg, Manitoba using on-line solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatog- raphy mass spectrometry. For commonly detected PFCs in indoor air and dust, concentra- tions were found at pg/m3 and ng/g levels, respectively, similar to that observed in other recent studies. Appropriate statistical tests and principal component analysis were used to evaluate possible associations between PFC concentrations and home characteristics. PFCs in indoor air and dust were associated with each other and home characteristics but not with indoor ambient temperature nor type of room (child room or the most used room). Furthermore PFCs did not show significant association with infant wheezing. None of the neutral PFCs in indoor air showed an association with seasonal temperature variation, except 8:2 FTOH and MeFOSE that had significantly higher concentrations in winter than summer.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of API Physicochemical Properties on Cleaning Method Design and Cleaning Validation
    PEER-REVIEWED Impact of API Physicochemical Properties on Cleaning Method Design and Cleaning Validation William R. Porter ABSTRACT purpose of a cleaning method is to minimize cross- Physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical contamination from previously manufactured product ingredients (APIs) and excipients used in the manu- when the subsequent product is to be manufactured facture of pharmaceutical dosage forms play a critical on cleaned equipment. Cleaning validation serves to role in the successful design of robust and validated demonstrate that the cleaning method can achieve cleaning processes. The development and validation this goal. of these methods requires an understanding of the Prevention of cross contamination between differ- solubility properties and resistance to degradation ent product lots manufactured on shared equipment is of formulation components, including both API and accomplished by using a validated cleaning procedure excipients. Knowledge and understanding of physi- (the method). The cleaning method should be devel- cochemical characteristics is critical to cleaning agent oped according to scientific and technical principles, selection, cleaning procedure design, worst-case com- be validated in designated conformance trials, be pound identification, and analytical method selection well controlled in performance, and be monitored and development. Much of the information needed and maintained throughout the product lifecycle. concerning solubility (i.e., hydrophilicity/lipophi- The cleaning method is validated by demonstrating licity, ionizability, surface activity, and temperature that remaining residue on the equipment surfaces effects) and degradation (i.e., hydrolysis, oxidation, is below a calculated acceptable residue level that photochemical reactivity) is routinely obtained dur- provides clean equipment that can be safely used for ing preformulation studies on new API candidates, subsequent manufacturing.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of the Assembly of Surfactants at the Solid-Liqid Interface for Adsorption and Materials Applications
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2007 INVESTIGATION OF THE ASSEMBLY OF SURFACTANTS AT THE SOLID-LIQID INTERFACE FOR ADSORPTION AND MATERIALS APPLICATIONS Rong Xing University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Xing, Rong, "INVESTIGATION OF THE ASSEMBLY OF SURFACTANTS AT THE SOLID-LIQID INTERFACE FOR ADSORPTION AND MATERIALS APPLICATIONS" (2007). University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations. 510. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/510 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Rong Xing The Graduate School University of Kentucky 2007 INVESTIGATION OF THE ASSEMBLY OF SURFACTANTS AT THE SOLID-LIQID INTERFACE FOR ADSORPTION AND MATERIALS APPLICATIONS ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Engineering at the University of Kentucky By Rong Xing Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Stephen E. Rankin, Professor of Lexington, Kentucky 2007 Copyright © Rong Xing 2007 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION INVESTIGATION OF THE ASSEMBLY OF SURFACTANTS AT THE SOLID-LIQID INTERFACE FOR ADSORPTION AND MATERIALS TEMPLATING APPLICATIONS This dissertation addresses two topics associated with the assembly of surfactants at the solid-liquid interface for adsorption and materials synthesis. The first is the adsorption of an anionic fluorinated surfactant, tetraethylammonium perfluorooctylsulfonate (TEA-FOS), at the solid/liquid interface.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterising the Phenotype and Impact of Adipose in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
    Characterising the Phenotype and Impact of Adipose in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension By Connar Stanley James Westgate A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham April 2019 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare disease that primarily affects obese women of reproductive age, characterised by raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and papilloedema that drives chronic debilitating headache and visual loss. The aetiology of IIH is uncertain, however it is clear that weight loss is therapeutic and reduces ICP, headache, and visual morbidity. Novel data has highlighted that female IIH patients have an androgen excess phenotype. However the role of adipose tissue and androgens in the pathogenesis of IIH remains unclear. Utilising RNA-sequencing, NMR-based metabolomics and secretomic techniques, it has been identified that ex vivo subcutaneous adipose tissue from female IIH patients has features of glucocorticoid excess including increased lipolysis, ribosomal subunit depletion and a preference for lipid synthesis, driven by intra-adipose cortisol accumulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Supported Membranes Meet Flat Fluidics: Monitoring Dynamic Cell
    Materials 2013, 6, 669-681; doi:10.3390/ma6020669 The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again. OPEN ACCESS materials ISSN 1996-1944 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials Article Supported Membranes Meet Flat Fluidics: Monitoring Dynamic Cell Adhesion on Pump-Free Microfluidics Chips Functionalized with Supported Membranes Displaying Mannose Domains Jochen Oelke 1,2,†, Thomas Kaindl 1,3,†, Andreea Pasc 1,4, Zeno Guttenberg 5, Achim Wixforth 2,* and Motomu Tanaka 1,3,6,* 1 Department of Physics, Technical University Munich, Garching D85748, Germany; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.O.); [email protected] (T.K.); [email protected] (A.P.) 2 Experimental Physics I, University of Augsburg, Augsburg D86159, Germany 3 Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg D69120, Germany 4 NANO group-UMR 7565 SRSMC CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Boulevard des Aiguillettes-F54506 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France 5 Beckman Coulter Biomedical GmbH, Advalytix Products, Munich D81377, Germany; E-Mail: [email protected] 6 Cell Biophysics Lab, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe D76131, Germany † These two authors equally contributed to the work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (A.W.); [email protected] (M.T.); Tel: +49-821-598-3300 (A.W.); +49-622-154-4916 (M.T.); Fax: +49-821-598-3225 (A.W.); +49-622-154-4918 (M.T.).
    [Show full text]
  • COMMUNICATION a Fluorinated Detergent for Membrane-Protein Applications
    COMMUNICATION A fluorinated detergent for membrane-protein applications Erik Frotscher,[a] Bartholomäus Danielczak,[a] Carolyn Vargas,[a] Annette Meister,[b] Grégory Durand,[c] and Sandro Keller*[a] Abstract: Surfactants carrying fluorocarbon chains hold great prom- broken.[12,13] Moreover, fluorocarbon chains are bulkier than their ise as gentle alternatives to conventional, hydrocarbon-based deter- hydrocarbon counterparts, which prevents them from intruding gents for the solubilization and handling of integral membrane pro- between protein transmembrane domains.[7,12] teins. However, their inertness towards lipid bilayer membranes has The peculiarity of fluorocarbon chains of being both hydrophobic limited the usefulness of fluorinated surfactants in situations where and lipophobic is thought not only to prevent protein denatura- detergent-like activity is required. Here, we show that fluorination per tion and delipidation but also to render fluorinated surfactants se does not preclude detergency, as exemplified by a fluorinated poor solubilizers,[13–18] unless they contain a harsh, ionic head- [19] octyl maltoside derivative dubbed F6OM. This nonionic compound group. Here, we show that, contrary to this assumption, avidly interacts with and completely solubilizes phospholipid vesicles nonionic fluorinated surfactants can be powerful yet mild deter- in a manner reminiscent of conventional detergents without, however, gents. Comparison of two compounds sharing the same fluoro- compromising membrane order at subsolubilizing concentrations. carbon chain but different headgroups reveals that fluorination Owing to this mild and unusual mode of detergency, F6OM outcom- per se does not guarantee lipophobicity. Instead, it is the proper- petes a lipophobic fluorinated surfactant in chaperoning the func- ties of the polar headgroup that, in conjunction with a fluorocar- tional refolding of an integral membrane enzyme by promoting bi- bon chain, govern the detergency—or lack thereof—of fluorinat- layer insertion in the absence of micelles.
    [Show full text]
  • Modulation of Solid Surface with Desirable Under-Liquid Wettability
    Chemical Science EDGE ARTICLE View Article Online View Journal | View Issue Modulation of solid surface with desirable under- liquid wettability based on molecular hydrophilic– Cite this: Chem. Sci.,2021,12,6136 lipophilic balance† All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society ad a a c a of Chemistry Yang Wang, Qifei Wang, Baixian Wang, Ye Tian, Jiancheng Di, * Zuankai Wang, d Lei Jiang c and Jihong Yu *ab There has been great interest in the fabrication of solid surfaces with desirable under-liquid wettability, and especially under-liquid dual-lyophobicity, because of their potential for widespread use. However, there remains the lack of a general principle to modulate the under-liquid wettability in terms of surface energy (SE). Herein, we found that the relative proportion between the polar and dispersive components in SE that reflects the competition between hydrophilicity and lipophilicity governs the under-liquid wettability of the solid surface. For the first time, we introduced hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) calculated solely based on the amount and type of hydrophilic and lipophilic fragments in surface Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. molecules to rapidly predict the under-liquid wettability of a solid surface, thereby guiding the fabrication of solid surfaces with desirable under-liquid wettability. Accordingly, the under-liquid dual superlyophobic surfaces in a nonpolar oil–water-solid system were fabricated by grafting molecules with Received 9th February 2021 appropriate HLB values (e.g., 6.341–7.673 in a cyclohexane–water–solid system) onto porous Accepted 11th March 2021 nanofibrous membranes, which were able to achieve continuous separation of oil–water mixtures.
    [Show full text]