Gene Elden Likens
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See the Scientific Petition
May 20, 2016 Implement the Endangered Species Act Using the Best Available Science To: Secretary Sally Jewell and Secretary Penny Prtizker We, the under-signed scientists, recommend the U.S. government place species conservation policy on firmer scientific footing by following the procedure described below for using the best available science. A recent survey finds that substantial numbers of scientists at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration believe that political influence at their agency is too high.i Further, recent species listing and delisting decisions appear misaligned with scientific understanding.ii,iii,iv,v,vi For example, in its nationwide delisting decision for gray wolves in 2013, the FWS internal review failed the best science test when reviewed by an independent peer-review panel.vii Just last year, a FWS decision not to list the wolverine ran counter to the opinions of agency and external scientists.viii We ask that the Departments of the Interior and Commerce make determinations under the Endangered Species Actix only after they make public the independent recommendations from the scientific community, based on the best available science. The best available science comes from independent scientists with relevant expertise who are able to evaluate and synthesize the available science, and adhere to standards of peer-review and full conflict-of-interest disclosure. We ask that agency scientific recommendations be developed with external review by independent scientific experts. There are several mechanisms by which this can happen; however, of greatest importance is that an independent, external, and transparent science-based process is applied consistently to both listing and delisting decisions. -
Acid Rain Is New
Book Reviews Rodger W. Bybee Guest Book Review Editor ATMOSPHERE-BIOSPHERE IN- plicitly what cleanliness means in a faucet run and pump the basement; TERACTIONS: TOWARD A BETTER global sense although they are able to some see the leak, but claim it is not UNDERSTANDING OF THE ECO- define pollutantsin a narrowsense. The their problem; and so on. LOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF report of the committee does not give On the weak side, some of the discus- FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION specific solutions to the dilemma of in- sion was sensational. While it held Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/abt/article-pdf/45/4/240/9611/4447687.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 by the Committee on the Atmosphere dustrialprogress and clean air. They do one's interest, there was a feeling that and the Biosphere, Board on say that pollutants must be reduced, very complex issues were being Agriculture and Renewable but they do not say howwe should go presented with a simplicity and tren- Resources, Commission on Natural about achieving those reductions. diness. While on the topic of Resources, National Research Coun- This report probablyis not valuable weaknesses, the diagrams and charts cil. 1981. National Academy Press as a classroombook because it is highly were not very good. Their production (2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., technicaland not meant for laypersons. was poor and several had little or no Washington, DC 20418. The best students should find it a useful explanation. Man is indisputably a geological force starting place for entering the rather Ostmann's orientation is clear from of global proportions. -
The Regulation of Chemical Budgets Over the Course of Terrestrial Ecosystem Succession Author(S): Eville Gorham, Peter M
The Regulation of Chemical Budgets Over the Course of Terrestrial Ecosystem Succession Author(s): Eville Gorham, Peter M. Vitousek and William A. Reiners Source: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 10 (1979), pp. 53-84 Published by: Annual Reviews Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096785 . Accessed: 14/12/2013 10:19 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Annual Reviews is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 66.77.17.54 on Sat, 14 Dec 2013 10:19:00 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1979. 10:53-84 Copyright 0 1979 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved THE REGULATION *4155 OF CHEMICAL BUDGETS OVER THE COURSE OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM SUCCESSION Eville Gorham Department of Ecology and Behavioral Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Peter M. Vitousek Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401 William A. Reiners Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 INTRODUCTION Vitousek & Reiners (158) have suggested that change in net ecosystem production is a major determinant of the balance between inputs and out- puts of elements in terrestrial ecosystems. -
The BBVA Foundation Honors Gene Likens and Marten Scheffer for Decisive Advances in the Science of Predicting the Ecosystem Impacts of Human Activity
www.fbbva.es BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Ecology and Conservation Biology The BBVA Foundation honors Gene Likens and Marten Scheffer for decisive advances in the science of predicting the ecosystem impacts of human activity For the jury, their work has contributed in major ways to improving science’s ability to analyze and predict the “gradual, abrupt and potentially irreversible changes” caused by environmental pollution Likens uncovered the damage being wreaked by acid rain in North America in the late 1960s, and his research hastened the adoption of legal measures to allay this threat; a product of industrial and automotive emissions In the early 1990s, Scheffer was the first to identify the “tipping point” in ecosystem deterioration; a turning point which can propel the system to catastrophic and at time irreversible changes Together, the two scientists “have transformed our understanding of how human activities are changing the structure and function of natural ecosystems,” while providing “tools” to check its deterioration, in the words of the award citation Madrid, February 7, 2017.- The BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Ecology and Conservation Biology category goes, in this ninth edition, to ecologists Gene Likens and Marten Scheffer for contributing decisively to what the jury describes as “one of the major challenges” of this scientific discipline: to understand and, where possible, anticipate ecosystem responses to human-induced alterations of the natural environment. Likens revealed the impact across North America of acid rain, a phenomenon with severe environmental consequences, and Scheffer subsequently showed that human action, though gradual, can trigger abrupt and fundamental ecosystem shifts of a potentially irreversible nature. -
AP Environmental Science Suggested Reading List Please Read One Book from the Following List
AP Environmental Science Suggested Reading List Please read one book from the following list. Please do a one paragraph summary of each chapter. Be prepared to discuss the book with your classmates. Title Author A Civil Action Jonathan Harr A Fierce Green Fire Philip Shabecoff A Green History of the World Clive Pointing A Reason for Hope Jane Goodall Atmosphere, Climate and Change Thomas Graedel and Paul Crutzen Biogeochemistry of a Forest Ecosystem Gene Likens Cadillac Desert Marc Reisner Changes in the Land William Cronon Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment J.T. Houghton et al. Deep Ecology Bill Devall Degrees of Disaster: Prince William Sound Jeff Wheelwright Desert Solitaire Edward Abbey Digging Dinosaurs John Horner Earth in Mind David Orr Earth in the Balance Al Gore Earth Under Siege Richard P. Turco Ecology and the Politics of Scarcity William Ophuls Ecology, Economics, Ethics: The Broken Circle Bonnann and Kellert Eco-warriors Rick Scarce Encounters with the Archdruid John McPhee End of the earth Peter Mattheissen Endurance: Shackelton’s legendary Antarctic Expedition Caroline Alexander Energy: From Nature to Man William C. Reynolds Extinction: Bad Genes or Bad Luck David Raup Field Guide to Nature Observation and Tracking Tom Brown Four Corners Kenneth Brown Gorillas in the Mist Dianne Fossey Green Delusions Martin Lewis Guns, Germs and Steel Jared Diamond Hot, flat and crowded 2.0 Why we need a green revolution and how it will renew America Thomas Friedman How Many People Can the Earth Support? Joel E. Cohen How Much -
A SUMMARY of EVILLE Gorhatvi's SCIENTIFIC CAREER
THE SCIENTIFIC CAREER OF EVILLE GORHAM* Professor Gorham’s researches over the past 65 years have spanned an unusual range of subjects, including among others such topics as acid rain, air pollution and human health, radioactive fallout, the ecology and biogeochemistry of northern peatlands, fossil pigments in lake sediments, physical limnology, forest litter production, the development of forest humus layers, salmon embryology, weight/density relationships in plants and the history of ecology and biogeochemistry. The following pages detail the major aspects of his research career. ATMOSPHERIC INPUTS TO NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS From the 1950’s through the 1970’s Gorham pioneered the study of atmospheric inputs of both nutrients and toxins to natural ecosystems in his research on the chemistry of rain and snow in the English Lake District (15, 33) and in later studies in Canada and the USA. Such studies have been of vital importance to learning how ecosystems function and how they respond to air pollution, as exemplified by the long-term investigations of terrestrial ecosystems by Gene Likens and his colleagues in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest of New Hampshire and of aquatic ecosystems by David Schindler and his colleagues in the Experimental Lakes Area of NW Ontario. Atmospheric inputs are of critical importance in developing chemical budgets of inputs to, outputs from, and storages in ecosystems, both for nutrient elements such as nitrogen, calcium and potassium, and for toxins such as acids, heavy metals and organic micro-pollutants. Gorham’s early work was the first to demonstrate the importance of such atmospheric inputs of chemical elements to lakes and to bogs, and his widely cited review in 1961 (53) provided a strong stimulus to further research on the topic. -
April 8-11, 2019 the 2019 Franklin Institute Laureates the 2019 Franklin Institute AWARDS CONVOCATION APRIL 8–11, 2019
april 8-11, 2019 The 2019 Franklin Institute Laureates The 2019 Franklin Institute AWARDS CONVOCATION APRIL 8–11, 2019 Welcome to The Franklin Institute Awards, the range of disciplines. The week culminates in a grand oldest comprehensive science and technology medaling ceremony, befitting the distinction of this awards program in the United States. Each year, the historic awards program. Institute recognizes extraordinary individuals who In this convocation book, you will find a schedule of are shaping our world through their groundbreaking these events and biographies of our 2019 laureates. achievements in science, engineering, and business. We invite you to read about each one and to attend We celebrate them as modern day exemplars of our the events to learn even more. Unless noted otherwise, namesake, Benjamin Franklin, whose impact as a all events are free and open to the public and located scientist, inventor, and statesman remains unmatched in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. in American history. Along with our laureates, we honor Franklin’s legacy, which has inspired the We hope this year’s remarkable class of laureates Institute’s mission since its inception in 1824. sparks your curiosity as much as they have ours. We look forward to seeing you during The Franklin From shedding light on the mechanisms of human Institute Awards Week. memory to sparking a revolution in machine learning, from sounding the alarm about an environmental crisis to making manufacturing greener, from unlocking the mysteries of cancer to developing revolutionary medical technologies, and from making the world III better connected to steering an industry giant with purpose, this year’s Franklin Institute laureates each reflect Ben Franklin’s trailblazing spirit. -
Directorate of Distance Education UNIVERSITY of JAMMU JAMMU
Directorate of Distance Education UNIVERSITY OF JAMMU JAMMU REFERENCE / STUDY MATERIAL For M.A. SOCIOLOGY SEMESTER - IInd ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT COURSE NO. : SOC - C - 203 LESSON NO. 1-22 Course Co-ordinator : Teacher Incharge : PROF. ABHA CHAUHAN DR. NEHA VIJ HOD, Deptt. of Sociology P.G. Sociology University of Jammu. Directorate of Distance Education, University of Jammu http://www.distanceeducationju.in Printed and Published on behalf of the Directorate of Distance Education, University of Jammu, Jammu by the Director, DDE, University of Jammu, Jammu. 1 COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS Director Prof. J.R. Panda Professor, Dept. of Sociology, University of Jammu. Prof. Shashi Kant Professor, Dept. of Botany, University of Jammu. Prof. Abha Chauhan HOD, Dept. of Sociology, University of Jammu. Dr. Sanjay Sharma Dept. of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu. Dr. Neharica Subhash DDE, University of Jammu. Experts involved in Script Writing Dr. Sanjay Sharma Dr. Neharica Subhash Dr. Nisha Sharma c Directorate of Distance Education, University of Jammu, Jammu, 2019. • All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the DDE, University of Jammu. • The script writer shall be responsible for the lesson / script submitted to the DDE and any plagiarism shall be his/her entire responsibility. • Printed by : Khajuria Printers / 2019 /800 2 Syllabus of Sociology M.A IInd Semester for the examination to be held in the year May 2019, 2020, 2021 (NON - CBCS) Course No. : SOC-C-203 Title : Environment and Sustainable Development Credits : 6 Maximum Marks : 100 Duration of examination : 2½ hrs. -
Curriculum Vitae (Abbreviated)
January 2017 CURRICULUM VITAE (ABBREVIATED) LARS O. HEDIN Professor Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and telephone: (609) 258-7325 Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University Fax: (609) 258-7892 Princeton, NJ 08544-1003 email: [email protected] General Interests: Biogeochemistry of land ecosystems, with emphasis on plant-nutrient dynamics, evolutionary and ecological dynamics, and the global carbon-climate system. Education: Ph.D., Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 1989. M.S., Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 1986. B.S., Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1983. Ph.D. Advisor: Gene E. Likens. Professional Experience: Chair, Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 2014-current. George M. Moffett Professor of Biology, Princeton University, 2016-current. Professor, Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, 2001-current. Director, Program in Environmental Studies, Princeton University, 2010-2014. Acting Director, Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, 2011-2012. Associate Professor, Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, 1997- 2001. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, 1994- 1997. Assistant Professor, W. K. Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, 1990-1994. Adjunct Professor, Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University, 1992- 1994. Research Associate, Institute of Ecosystem Studies, The New York Botanical Garden, 1988-1990. Honors and Awards: Elizabeth Sulzman Award, the Ecological Society of America (for Batterman, Hedin, et al. 2013. Nature 502:224-227), 2014. Best Paper in Theoretical Ecology Award, the Ecological Society of America (for Menge, Hedin, et al. 2012. -
Annual Report for 2018
Hubbard Brook Research Foundation Annual Report December 2018 Long-term monitoring often provides insights that are not available otherwise. We are very fortunate to have been able to continuously monitor the chemistry of precipitation and stream water at Hubbard Brook for more than 55 years. These are now the longest integrated measures of this type in the world. These records are particularly valuable now because of proposed policy changes that could dramatically change air and water pollution in the eastern U.S. We need to know if these changes are happening and whether they are unusual. Our long-term records will provide those answers. – Gene E. Likens, Co-Founder of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study Mirror Lake is among the most studied freshwater ecosystems in the world and a cornerstone of Gene Likens’ seminal theories about air-land-water interactions. Photo: Hannah Vollmer Trustees Staff THE HUBBARD BROOK COMMUNITY Peter Martin, Chair Clara Chaisson For more than half a century, long-term studies of Charles Driscoll, Vice Chair Outreach & Communications Manager air, water, soils, plants, and animals at the 8,000- Syracuse University Sarah Garlick acre Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest have led to John Smitka, Secretary Director of Science Policy & Outreach landmark discoveries including acid rain; the effects of lead, salt, and nitrogen pollution in streams Stanton Williams, Treasurer Kathryn Holland Business & Development Manager and lakes; and the factors affecting migratory Peter Groffman songbird abundance. Hubbard Brook is a network CUNY Advanced Science Research Anthea Lavallee Executive Director of environmental thinkers, including scientists, Center at Brooklyn College communicators, educators, stakeholders, and Brenda McCartney Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies engaged citizens. -
And Nutrients JOTARO URABE* and ROBERT W
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 93, pp. 8465-8469, August 1996 Ecology Regulation of herbivore growth by the balance of light and nutrients JOTARO URABE* AND ROBERT W. STERNER Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 Communicated by Eville Gorham, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, April 19, 1996 (received for review November 11, 1995) ABSTRACT Experiments using planktonic organisms re- proportional to P supply/algal biomass. This ratio implies that vealed that the balance of radiant energy and available above a certain light intensity where P limitation becomes nutrients regulated herbivore growth rates through their increasingly severe, the algal P/C ratio would start to decline effects on abundance and chemical composition of primary (3, 4). As a result, the algal P/C ratio is expected to reach a low producers. Both algae and herbivores were energy limited at value at high light. low light/nutrient ratios, but both were nutrient limited at Herbivore responses were hypothesized based on ingestion high light/nutrient ratios. Herbivore growth increased with of C and P (Fig. IB). Because algal C content varies only increasing light intensity at low values of the light/nutrient slightly with growth conditions (18), C ingested by the herbi- ratio due to increases in algal biomass, but growth decreased vore per unit time (Ic) would be proportional to the rate of with increasing light at a high light/nutrient ratio due to ingestion of algal cells, which we took to be a rectilinear decreases in algal quality. Herbivore production therefore was functional response (19). -
Number 4 Summer 1987 Summer 1987
PARK. SCIENCE A RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BULLETIN NATIONAL PARK SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR VOLUME 7 - NUMBER 4 SUMMER 1987 SUMMER 1987 A report to park managers of recent and on- SCIENCE going research in parks with emphasis on its NATIONAL PARK SERVICE implications for planning and management In This Issue Page Editorial Seismic Research Protects Significant Ruins at Chaco Culture National Historical Park ....... 3 The extremely untimely death of Thomas Lucke on February 28th of this year left the Park Science editorial board with a gaping hole. Tom had been a volunteer-offering to share the frufts of his careful reading of law fsk Royale Moose Thrive journals as they apply to park matters. He read these journals voraciously; he extracted their Parks-related meat; as Wolf Population Declines ................ .5 he translated it into words we all could understand. Manor to Coordinate Acid Rain Program. ....... 5 Your editor chose not to rush out and attempt to fill the boardb vacancy. She has always found that volunteers Abandoned Well Plugging tend to work harder and to add a personal cachet that gives a little different spin to the whole operation. Protects Parka’ Resources ................... 6 Sure enough. The lilies-of-the-field syndrome proved itself again. Within two weeks the phone rang and it was Visitor Surveys Aid Mount Rainier Harvey Fleet, Chief, Digital Cartography Branch, GIS Division at the NPS Denver Service Center, asking if he in Handling Management Problems ............ 7 might have a little corner of Park Science with its own standing head for dealing with Geographic Information Padre Island Kemp’s Ridley Sea Systems(GIS) matters.