Cinema Fulgor Ore 14.30 Ritrovati & Restaurati / Recovered & Restored - Etienne-Jules Marey Au Cinéma HP2 E HM17 (Francia, 1882-86)

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Cinema Fulgor Ore 14.30 Ritrovati & Restaurati / Recovered & Restored - Etienne-Jules Marey Au Cinéma HP2 E HM17 (Francia, 1882-86) Cinema Fulgor ore 14.30 Ritrovati & restaurati / Recovered & restored - Etienne-Jules Marey au cinéma HP2 e HM17 (Francia, 1882-86). Lavoro scientifico diretto da: Etienne-Jules Marey 35mm. L.: 10m. D.: 20 secondi a 16 f/s. Da: Cinémathèque Française Dal 1996, la Cinémathèque Française ha iniziato il restauro delle bande cronofotografiche di Etienne- Jules Marey conservate nelle sue collezioni. Si tratta di circa 400 piccoli rulli di una sottile pellicola nitrato, soprattutto negativi, larghi 9 centimetri e lunghi un metro, contenenti in media una quindicina di immagini registrate fra il 1890 e il 1895. Supporto molto fragile, formato non riproducibile, immagini mitiche praticamente intoccabili ed invisibili in questo stato. La decisione della Cinémathèque Française di usare la tecnica digitale per restaurare questo materiale pone forse qualche interrogativo, legato non più al trasferimento su supporto 35mm, ma al trattamento e all’eventuale trasformazione dell’immagine stessa. Paradossalmente, la prima operazione consiste nel tentare di immobilizzare una parte dell’immagine, come se si trattasse di un malato recalcitrante. In effetti, il digitale permette di correggere l’instabilità della ripresa originale e di attenuare così il disagio che provoca. Ma questa correzione, se è eccessiva, può diventare per lo spettatore ugualmente spiacevole, comportando l’immobilizzazione dello sfondo in un’immagine fissa per qualche secondo. In questo caso, la linea del pavimento si arresta, le foglie degli alberi smettono di tremare, la tenda bianca perde i suoi riflessi ondulanti. Il paziente è guarito, ma è morto e persino imbalsamato. I soggetti in movimento (uomo che corre, cavallo che salta...) sembrano incongrui, come corpi estranei su un décor filmato in trasparenza. Disturbano la perfezione dell’immobilità. “Odio il movimento che sposta le righe...”, diceva Verlaine. Integrare con un semplice copia/incolla le lacune dell’emulsione o eliminare i graffi del supporto può condurre alla soppressione completa dei segni del tempo: il tempo del film come quello dello spettatore, testimone angosciato dall’abolizione della durata, e degli effetti perversi di un elisir di eterna giovinezza. Eppure, il digitale permette anche di tenere in memoria le diverse tappe del lavoro compiuto: lo stato attuale del restauro di queste bande cronofotografiche non è forse definitivo, e il “pentimento” resta possibile. Il trasferimento su 35mm e la proiezione a 24 f/s implicano di ripetere più volte le bande e di moltiplicarne talvolta le immagini. In effetti, i quindici fotogrammi che le compongono rimarrebbero, senza questo allungamento, praticamente illeggibili per la nostra percezione. Qui risiede senza alcun dubbio il vero tradimento nei confronti di Marey: investire queste immagini del potere ipnotico generato dalla ripetizione dello stesso oggetto nel tempo artificialmente allungato. Se il soggetto effettua uno spostamento nello spazio (come il gatto che cammina o il cavallo nero al galoppo), ecco che sparisce a destra del quadro per riapparire subito a sinistra e ricominciare la sua breve avanzata. Il tempo non si ferma, slitta e balbetta. Se il soggetto rimane allo stesso posto (una mano che si apre e si chiude; Georges Demeny, con l’espressione di un sonnambulo, gli occhi chiusi, che ripete delle strane frasi come “Vous m’y poussez” o “Le plus beau mur”), noi facciamo fatica a reperire la giunta tra l’ultima immagine della banda e la prima della sua ripetizione. Allora perdura la sensazione di una litania quasi incantatoria, e l’effetto di circolo, di chiusura del tempo su se stesso. Così, restituendo la concatenazione “naturalista” del movimento, la proiezione in 35mm produce la magia di un tempo irreale e la fascinazione di un eterno ritorno. Due delle tredici bande presentate sono nettamente più lunghe delle altre, e il movimento studiato sembra meno evidente. Questi due “Fucili cronofotografici” si svolgono solo una volta, perfettamente leggibili a causa della loro lunghezza. L’uomo che raccoglie il suo cappello è libero, dopo questo gesto unico, di uscire dall’inquadratura e di andare dove gli pare. La finzione può ormai installarsi... (Claudine Kaufmann) From 1966, the Cinémathèque Française began restoring some of Etienne-Jules Marey’s chrono- photographic tracks that had been conserved in his collection. The operation deals with about 400 little rolls of thin nitrate film recorded between 1890 and 1895, mostly negatives, 9 centimeters wide and one meter long, each containing about fifteen images. They are all mostly negatives with a very fragile backing, in an unreproducible format, these mythic images are practically untouchable and invisible in their current state. The Cinémathèque Française’s decision to use the digital technique to restore this material should perhaps be rationalized, the process no longer implies a 35mm film transfer, but a special treatment and eventual transformation of the image itself. Paradoxically, the first operation consists of an attempt to immobilize part of the image, as though dealing with the reluctance of a very sick man. In effect, the digital process allows for the correction of camera unsteadiness, mitigating the viewing discomfort thus provoked. But this correction, if it is eccessive, can become equally displeasing to the spectator, involving the immobilization of the background in a fixed image for a matter of seconds. In this case, the horizon line freezes, the leaves on the trees stop trembling, the white tent loses its undulating reflection. The patient has healed, but has died in the process and even been embalmed. The subjects in motion (the man that runs, the horse that jumps) seem incongruous, like estraneous bodies transparently emblazoned onto a filmed décor. They disturb the perfection of the immobility. “I hate movement that moves the lines...” Verlaine always used to say. To integrate, by means of a simple cut and paste technique, gaps in the emulsion or to eliminate the scratches on the film’s backing can lead to the complete suppression of the signs left by time: the time of the film, like that of the spectator, testifies in anguish for the abolition of duration, and of the perverse effects of an eternal youth elixir. And yet, the digital technique also permits us to keep tabs on the different stages of the completed work: the actual state of the restoration of these chrono- photographic tracks is perhaps not definitive, and repentance is still possible. The 35mm transfer and the 24 f/s projection implies a necessary repetition of the tracks and a multiplication of some of the images. In effect, the fifteen frames constituting each track would be illegible to our perception without this lengthening. Here lies the true betrayal without a doubt in comparison with Marey: to invest these hypnotically charged images generated by the repetition of the same object with an artificially prolonged period of time. If the subject effects a displacement in space (like the cat that walks, or the black horse that jumps), vanishing on the right side of the frame to immediately reappear on the left side restarting its brief trajectory. Time does not stop, it slides and falters. If the subject remains in the same place (one hand that opens and closes; Georges Demeny, with the expression of a somnambulist, eyes closed, repeating strange phrases like “Vous m’y poussez”, or “Le plus beau mur”) it fatigues us to trace the joint between the last images of the track and the first images of its repetition. The sensation of a litany persists almost enchantedly, it has a circulatory effect, of the closure of time upon itself. Thus, giving a “naturalist” link back to the movement, the 35mm projection produces the magic of an irreal time and the fascination of an eternal return. Two of the presented tracks are clearly longer than the others, and the studied movement seems less evident. These two “chrono-photographic rifles” unfold before our eyes only once, perfectly legible due to their length. The man that collects his hat is free, after this unique gesture, to exit from the frame and to go wherever he pleases. By now fiction can impose itself... (Claudine Kaufmann) Ritrovati & restaurati / Recovered & restored LA LUMIÈRE ET L’AMOUR (Francia, 1911). R.: Léonce Perret. F.: Specht. In.: René Cresté, Léonce Perret, Suzanne Grandais. 35mm. L.: 851m. D.: 39’ a 20 f/s. Didascalie francesi / French intertitles Da: Cinémathèque Française Copia positiva stabilita nel 1999 a partire da un negativo nitrato senza didascalie, che sono state riscritte / Print produced from an original nitrate negative lacking intertitles, which were re-written. Accompagnamento musicale di / Musical accompaniment by Donald Sosin Mentre l’attività dei Pouittes costituisce la fase conclusiva del genere burlesco francese, la serie dei Léonce, ugualmente prodotta della Gaumont, messa in scena e interpretata da Léonce Perret, segna la nascita della commedia che, progressivamente, emerge e si affranca dal cinema comico. “Bisogna citare come esempio questa deliziosa commedia, La Lumière et l’Amour, che otteneva, più o meno un anno fa, un successo considerevole nel mondo intero. Citiamo ancora, nello stesso genere: Margaret et Bénédit, La Rançon du bonheur, Le Mystére des roches de Kador, che furono altrettanti strepitosi trionfi per l’interprete principale e per la casa Gaumont che le ha prodotte. Nel dramma poliziesco, Léonce Perret fu incomparabile. La serie dei Mains de fer rimane nella memoria di tutti. Mentre si svolgevano sullo schermo queste
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