WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANISATION Weather • Climate • Water
VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT
SUB-COMPONENT OF THE AOC-HYCOS PROJECT
PROJECT DOCUMENT
SEPTEMBER 2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………………………….v 1 WORLD HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE OBSERVING SYSTEM (WHYCOS)……………1 2. BACKGROUNG TO DEVELOPMENT OF VOLTA-HYCOS…………………………... 3 2.1 AOC-HYCOS PILOT PROJECT...... 3 2.2 OBJECTIVES OF AOC HYCOS PROJECT ...... 3 2.2.1 General objective...... 3 2.2.2 Immediate objectives ...... 3 2.3 LESSONS LEARNT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AOC-HYCOS BASED ON LARGE BASINS...... 4 3. THE VOLTA BASIN FRAMEWORK……………………………………………………... 7 3.1 GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS...... 7 3.2 COUNTRIES OF THE VOLTA BASIN ...... 8 3.3 RAINFALL...... 10 3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN THE VOLTA BASIN...... 11 3.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS...... 11 4. DESCRIPTION OF VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT………………………………………...13 4.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPLES AND RESULTS...... 13 4.1.1 General objectives ...... 13 4.1.2 Specific Objectives...... 13 4.1.3 General Principles...... 14 4.1.4 Expected Results ...... 15 4.2 BENEFICIARIES OF VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT...... 16 4.2.1 Project Beneficiaries According to Areas of Activity ...... 16 4.2.2 Project Beneficiaries According to Departments and Institutions...... 18 5. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION…………………………………………………………. 21 5.1 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ...... 21 5.1.2 National Hydrological Services (NHS)...... 21 5.1.3 International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (2iE/EIER-ETSHER GROUP)...... 22 5.1.4 IRD ...... 23 5.1.5 The World Meteorological Organization (WMO)...... 23 5.2 PROJECT EXECUTION, GOVERNANCE, PROCEDURES AND MODALITIES...... 23 5.2.1 Project Steering Committee (PSC)...... 25 5.2.2 Executing Agency (WMO)...... 25 5.2.3 Technical Assistance (IRD) ...... 26 5.2.4 2iE/EIER-ETSHER Group ...... 26 5.2.5 National Hydrological Services (NHS) of Participating Countries...... 27 5.2.6 Project Regional Centre – PRC (2iE/EIER-ETSHER GROUP)...... 27 5.2.7 Volta Basin Authority ...... 28 5.3 RESOURCES ...... 28 5.3.1 Project Regional Centre (PRC)...... 28 5.3.2 At the NHSs...... 29 6. PROJECT COST AND FINANCING……………………………………………………... 31 7. JUSTIFICATION OF FFEM INTERVENTION………………………………………….35 7.1 PROJECT BENEFITS TO IWRM...... 35 7.1.1 Developmental Impacts of Project ...... 35 7.2 INNOVATIVE ASPECTS AND REPLICABILITY ...... 36
8. JUSTIFICATION FOR COMPLEMENTARY FUNDS FOR THE VOLTA-HYCOS... 37 9. RISKS AND CONDITIONALITIES………………………………………………………. 39 9.1 ASSUMPTIONS AT VARIOUS LEVELS...... 39 9.2 RISKS AND FLEXIBILITY ...... 39 9.3 REGIONAL COOPERATION POLICY ...... 40 9.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ...... 40 9.5 SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS AND GENDER ISSUES ...... 41 9.6 INSTITUTIONAL AND MANAGERIAL CAPACITY...... 41 9.7 PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY...... 41 10. MONITORING AND EVALUATION……………………………………………………. 43 10.1 MONITORING...... 43 10.2 EVALUATION...... 43
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler AGRHYMET Regional Training and Application Center in Agro-meteorology and Operational Hydrology AOC West and Central Africa AOC HYCOS Hydrological Cycle Observing System in West and Central Africa CILSS Inter-States Permanent Committee for Drought Control in Sahel DCP Data Collection Platforms FDA French Development Agency FRIEND Flow Regimes from International and Experimental Network Data EC European commission GEF Global Environmental Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHENIS Hydro-Ecological Management of Upper Niger HYCOS Hydrological Cycle Observing System IRD Institute of Research for Development IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management LCBC Lake Chad Basin Commission NHS National Hydrological Service NBA Niger Basin Authority OHRAOC Regional Hydrological Observatory for West and Central Africa OMVS Organization for Development of River Senegal ORSTOM Office de Recherche Scientifique et Technique d’Outremer PRC Project Regional Centre SADC Southern African Development Community UNDP United Nations Development Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural organization VBA Volta Basin Authority WHYCOS World Hydrological Cycle Observing System WHO World Health Organization WIAG WHYCOS International Advisory Group WMO World Meteorological Organization 2iE Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (Groupe EIER-ETSHER)
SUMMARY
This document presents the framework for the implementation of the hydrological observing system of the Volta River Basin, called Volta-HYCOS. It was prepared on the basis of a draft document written in 2003 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), with the assistance of IRD (French Institute of Research and Development) under the new strategy adopted by the WMO to execute the West and Central Africa AOC) – HYCOS project in components corresponding to large river basins in the sub-region. The WMO has since 1993 initiated the promotion of a world hydrological cycle observing system, (WHYCOS)1, based on a world network of reference stations (hydrological observatories) with real- time or quasi real-time hydrological data transmission, possibly through the World Metrological Surveillance meteorological satellites, with a view to facilitating the development of national, regional and international distributed databases fed by high quality, coherent and constantly updated data on river flows, water quality as well as certain climatological variables. This document proposes the terms of reference as well as the major sequences of the project. The executing agency of the project shall be the WMO. GEE shall host the Project Regional Centre in its premises at Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso as well as assist WMO in the execution of the project. The National Hydrological Services (NHS) of the six (6) member countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali and Togo) shall be the other actors of the project. The project implementation is with the financial assistance from the French GEF (FFEM) and the technical partner shall be IRD. Synergies will be developed with other on-going programs in the sub-region such as (Niger-HYCOS). The good governance of the project will be ensured by a certain number of structures including a Regional Technical Steering Committee (SC), in particular, which will oversee the successful execution of the tasks and ensure the project monitoring, control and assessment. The ultimate objective of the Volta-HYCOS Project, like all the other HYCOS projects, is to develop a system of pertinent information on water resources on the Volta Basin, supplied with recent and quality data, with easy access, especially using Internet technologies by selected users. Therefore, the project shall consolidate the technical and institutional capacities of the NHS in the partner countries, reinforce the hydrological observing networks, in particular through the use of different technological options remote data acquisition, promote the development of national and regional Data Bases, foster regional cooperation and organize pertinent training programs. Further, the project will contribute to strengthen the newly established Volta Basin Authority (VBA) and will offer an opportunity to enhance the technical capacity of VBA through direct involvement in the Volta-HYCOS project activities. The project is of duration 3 years, including the initial phase of 6 months, which started in January 2006. The initial phase of the project is devoted to the preparation of a detailed institutional, technical and financial formulation of the project document. The total cost of the project is estimated to 2.937354 Million Euros. The French GEF contribution amounts to 1.0 Million Euros. The in-kind contribution of the project partners is 1.22 Million Euros while the amount to be secured from other donors is 717 354 Euros. The cost of the initial phase was estimated at 69 000 Euros. During the preparation of the detailed project document, the total cost of the activities was much higher than the estimated 1000 000 Euros envisaged in the draft project document of 2003. Complementary funds will therefore be solicited to support VBA’s involvement in the project activities, among other things.
1 Rodda, J.C., Pieyns, S.A., Sehmi, N.S., & Matthews G. (1993) Towards a world hydrological cycle observing system. Hydrological Sciences Journal, Vol. 38 no 5.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document v
1 WORLD HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE OBSERVING SYSTEM (WHYCOS)
The water cycle in its earthly and atmospheric phases imposes its influence on earthly life in the social (socio-economic development) and the natural spheres in which this development occurs. Its understanding and regular monitoring at different levels over time and space are indispensable. This understanding and monitoring must necessarily be based on information systems covering all areas starting from data collection to dissemination as well as the derived information. Reconciling the demand for good quality freshwater with environmental protection in order to ensure sustainable socio-economic development is one of the major challenges that humanity must take up at this beginning of the 21st century. This can be achieved through better management of water resources. Chapter 18 of Agenda 21 (UNCED, 1992)2 and the report of the International Conference on Water and Environment (ICWE, 1992)3, which constitutes its foundation, recognises that knowledge of the water cycle (quantity and quality) is the fundamental basis for efficient water resource management. The evaluation, monitoring and management of this resource hinges on the existence of reliable hydrological information systems at the national and regional levels, covering not only data collection and analysis but also dissemination of these data together with the information derived from them, so that users – beginning from the general public to decision-makers, can be rightly and quickly informed. Chapter 18 of the ICWE report and the WMO/UNESCO (1991) report4 on the evaluation of water resources (1991) clearly indicate that in many parts of the globe these information systems are either not functioning correctly or simply non-existent. With particular reference to the West and Central African (AOC) sub region, the results of the hydrological assessment (SSAHA)5, presented in the December 19926 regional report, bluntly point to the more than alarming state of the hydrological information systems and the organisations in charge of them. The causes of this situation were extensively discussed during the Addis Ababa Conference (20-25 March 1995)7 jointly organised by the WMO and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) with funding from a number of countries including France. The hydrological assessment and the Addis Ababa Conference report, which was approved by the 12th Congress of the WMO and the ECA Council of Ministers, proposed a number of measures to redress the situation both at the national and regional levels. It is for these reasons that the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) with the financial support of the World Bank 1 initiated a world hydrological cycle observing system (WHCOS) in 1993 (Figure 1). WHYCOS is an integrated approach aimed at improving the collection, circulation and use of coherent and reliable data on the global water cycle as well as the information derived from them at the country, river basin, regional and global levels through the establishment and/or reinforcement of demand- tailored information systems. The WHYCOS programme has two aspects: - Institutional aspect: it is based on strengthening cooperation between the participating countries in the area of assessment and management of the world’s freshwater resources, - Operational aspect: it involves the implementation of the HYCOS components (Figure 2) in the various regions or transboundary basins. This implementation is based on support given to national hydrological information systems, taking into consideration the local realities while keeping to the general framework of WHYCOS concept. The objective is to ensure the full participation of these systems in (national and regional) sustainable socio-economic development as well as international activities in the areas of water, environment and climate. The benefits of the HYCOS project for the participating countries are as follows:
2 United Nations, 1993. Agenda 21: Programme of action for sustainable development. UN, New York. 3 OMM (1992) Conférence internationale sur l’eau et l’environnement, 26-31 janvier 1992, Dublin, Irlande. Déclaration de Dublin et rapport de la Conférence. 4 WMO/UNESCO (1991) Water Resources Assessment. Progress in the Implementation of the Mar del Plata Action Plan and a Strategy for the 1990s. 5 Executed by the Word Bank with the financial support of the UNDP, World Bank, ADB, French Government and European Community. 6 Mott Mac Donald Intl./BCEOM/SOGREAH/ORSTOM (1992) Evaluation hydrologique de l'Afrique subsaharienne. Pays de l'Afrique de l'ouest, Rapport régional. 7 OMM/CEA (1995) Conférence Africaine sur les ressources en eau: politique et évaluation. Addis-Abéba (Ethiopie).
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 1 (i) Modernisation of certain hydrological stations of regional importance; (ii) Better access to quasi real-time data exchange and dissemination systems such as the WMO World Telecommunication System (WTS) and the Internet network; (iii) Modernisation of national databanks; (iv) Promotion of National Hydrological Services (NHS) to local decision-makers, international authorities, donors, particularly through quick circulation of information and hydrological products of national, regional and international interest; (v) Training of NHS’s staff in various fields.
Figure 1: Data collection and dissemination diagram under a HYCOS programme
Figure 2: State of development of the WHYCOS programme
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 2 2. BACKGROUND TO DEVELOPMENT OF VOLTA-HYCOS
2.1 AOC-HYCOS PILOT PROJECT In response to a request by the French Ministry of Cooperation and Development, the World Metrological Organisation WMO prepared a pilot study in 1997 on the identification of a hydrological cycle observing system for the whole of West and Central Africa (AOC-HYCOS). This project was to cover up to 23 countries of the sub region for a five-year period. The cost of the project, amounting to 6 million Euros, presupposed a crossed and synchronous participation of several donors. Within this context, a request was made to the FFEM (French GEF) in 19998 indicating the conditions of a possible FFEM participation in the project. The FFEM responded favourably to this request at the end of 1999 with a contribution of 1.22 million Euros. By the end of 2000, the other donors who had been contacted (European Commission, World Bank, Government of Netherlands) had reaffirmed their interest in the project and asked for particular documents, but had not indicated the specific levels of their respective commitments. Within view of the size of this budget which calls for synergy between several sources of funding (international, European, regional and bilateral), France financed a pilot phase of the AOC-HYCOS project to the tune of 304 898 Euros to cover an initial 18 month-period beginning from January 2000. This project involved the NHSs of 11 countries who had officially expressed their interest to the WMO (Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal and Chad). The implementation of the pilot phase was discussed during a meeting held in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (December 1999). The meeting decided in favour of a joint proposal by the Niger Basin Authority (ABN) and the CILSS Regional Centre (AGRHYMET) for the technical coordination of the pilot phase of AOC-HYCOS project and management of the regional database and its associated Internet server, in other words, to assume the functions of Regional Centre (RC). An essential objective of the pilot phase was to develop and transfer to a regional institution the Regional Hydrological Observatory for West and Central Africa (AOC-RHO) designed and operated by the Research Institute for Development (IRD, formerly ORSTOM). The server and all the archives were transferred to Niamey in September 2000 and the Internet site can be accessed through the following address: http://aochycos.ird.ne. Besides, the RC signed a technical and financial agreement with each NHS, defining the terms of data collection for the project. Each agreement particularly included the list of stations to be monitored by the NHS within the framework of the project.
2.2 OBJECTIVES OF AOC HYCOS PROJECT 2.2.1 General objective In view of the fact that the majority of the National Hydrological Services in Western and Central African sub-region are inadequately equipped to provide the required information systems, and that regional cooperation needs to be strengthened in this domain, the development objective of the AOC- HYCOS project was to contribute to a sustainable revival of the national and regional information systems as well as their ownership by Governments in the sub-region, thus helping to integrate hydrological aspects into the national and regional sustainable development policies designed to ensure environmental protection. 2.2.2 Immediate objectives The implementation of the AOC-HYCOS was to help to achieve the following immediate objectives: i) Establishment of an operational and reliable quasi real-time or real-time regional data collection, transmission and documentation system on water resources, based on a network of hydrological stations ii) Contribution to the strengthening, in the long run, of national and regional capacities in the field of water resources evaluation, monitoring and management in view of sustainable development, environmental and biodiversity protection
8 Rapport d'évaluation, Intervention dans le Projet AOC-HYCOS, Secrétariat du FFEM, Juin 1999.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 3 iii) Exchange and circulation of relevant information on water resources, particularly by relying on the opportunities offered by the Internet and strengthening of the sub regional technical and scientific cooperation.
2.3 LESSONS LEARNT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AOC-HYCOS The implementation of this pilot phase led to the appreciation of a number of difficulties associated with the coordination and execution of AOC-HYCOS projects and led the WMO to modify its implementation concept. The new positions were expressed in the form of a “Strategy note for the development of the hydrological cycle observing system for West and Central Africa (AOC-HYCOS)”9. Essentially, the present document identifies a number of problems associated with ownership of HYCOS projects by participating countries, long-term sustainability, governance and fund-raising for the projects, and proposes a number of solutions. ¾ Ownership: Experience has shown that the fact of a country belonging to a big AOC sub- regional socio-economic entity does not mean it will assume ownership of a water resources information project. This sentiment can be understood when one considers the fact that the sub region includes countries that quite differ from one another in terms of problems of resource mobilisation and utilisation (humid tropical countries, Sahelian countries, island States, etc.). On the other hand, it has been clearly shown that the upstream-downstream continuum of several countries along a transboundary river is a very favourable configuration to generate the interest of participating countries and encourage their ownership of the project. The configuration by river basin should be preferred in the development of future HYCOS projects. ¾ Sustainability, political and institutional support: Since the expected life span of an information system on water resources covers several decades, a HYCOS project must be conducted under the auspices of permanent and politically representative regional organisation, with express interest and responsibility in the field of water resources. For this reason, the involvement of transboundary basin organisations will be sought and promoted during the development of the AOC-HYCOS project, should such organisations exist. ¾ Financing: The cost of the “big” AOC-HYCOS project (1997 version of the document) involving up to 23 countries for a five-year period or more would be too much for only one donor to consider. The need therefore arises for joint contributions from several sources (international, regional and bilateral), but it also becomes difficult to synchronise all these contributions with the proposed date for launching the project. To conclude, these considerations on project ownership, sustainability and funding strongly confirm the idea of a AOC-HYCOS project implementation strategy based on splitting into components corresponding to smaller geographical areas than that of a sub region, and the WMO thinks that the implementation of the AOC-HYCOS project should be broken down into large transboundary basins whenever this is justifiable and possible. These different components can be launched independently of one another depending on the desire expressed by participants and availability of funds. These components must however maintain sufficiently close relations with one another in the form of information network so that the final objective of a unified information system on water resources for the whole AOC region can be achieved. In terms of hydrographical criteria, the West and Central African geographical context is favourable to fragmentation of the AOC-HYCOS project into elements corresponding to large transboundary basins. As observed by the World Bank10, the dominant part of water resources in Africa is generated in the large transboundary basins. 35 out of the 41 countries of Africa South of the Sahara are covered by 17 basins of more than 100 000 km2. The AOC sub region accounts for six basins of more than 100 000 km² each and six others with surface areas ranging between 30 000 and 100 000 km2. The Congo, Lake Chad, Niger, Senegal and Volta basins are among the most remarkable of the large transboundary basins of the sub region.
9 Une stratégie pour le développement et la mise en oeuvre d’un Système d’Observation du Cycle Hydrologique pour l’ensemble de l’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre (AOC-HYCOS). Secrétariat de l’OMM, Genève, décembre 2000 10 World Bank (1995) International River Basins Organizations in sub-Saharan Africa. Technical paper n 250, African Department series.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 4 It is in light of the above considerations that the Volta-HYCOS has been developed as one of the HYCOS components of the Western and Central African sub-region.
Figure 3 Basins representing the different AOC-HYCOS sub-components
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 5
3. THE VOLTA BASIN FRAMEWORK
3.1 GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS Among the major rivers in North tropical Africa, the Volta presents several peculiar characteristics. While the upper Niger, the Logone and the Chari, for example flow from South to North of the humid tropical zones towards the borders of the Sahara, the Volta presents a different aspect altogether: several thin formations spring up in the Sahel below 1000 mm of annual rainfall and move after several turns towards the more humid South where they swell up considerably. The river stretches over 1850 Km long with a basin of 400.000 km² and flows into the Atlantic Ocean. It covers almost the whole Southern part of Burkina Faso and almost the whole Northern part of Togo before occupying the greater part of Ghana. Small portions of the basin cover the fringes of Benin, Côte d’Ivoire and Mali. This is to give a fair idea of its international importance in West Africa. The flow of the Volta becomes voluminous only in its lower reach in central Ghana after receiving the most significant inflow from its Oti tributary. It is here that the Akosombo dam, created in 1964, with more than 60 billion m3 of usable reserve and storage capacity of 148 billion m3, accumulates more than one and half times the mean annual discharge. The Volta Lake has become the hub of Ghana’s development. Further north, the increasing needs of the populations of the pre-Sahelian zone has led to assiduous search for means of optimal use of water in spite of its scarcity. The creation of the Bagré, Kompienga and Ziga dams in Burkina Faso are among such operations, the total storage volume in Burkina being less than 4 billion m3. The 400,000 km² of the Volta basin are drained by a hydrographical network formed around three main tributaries namely: the Black Volta (Mouhoun), the White Volta (Nakambé) and the Figure 4: The Volta Basin Red Volta (Nazinon) which is a tributary of the White Volta. The White Volta joins the Black Volta to form the Volta. The Oti, which flows from Togo and Benin, joins further downstream of the confluence of Black and White Volta sub-basins. From here, the Volta traverses only 200 km before entering the sea at Ada. The Volta basin has its widest stretch in the northern third of the area. Its width gradually diminishes southward, i.e. downstream, while the rainfall increases.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 7
3.2 COUNTRIES OF THE VOLTA BASIN The Volta River Basin covers a surface area of 400.000 km² and is shared by 6 West African countries (Figure 5) in the following proportions (Table 1 and Figure 5):
Area of Volta Percentage of Country River Basin in Mali Basin Togo Km² 3,2% 6,4% Benin Benin 13 590 3,4 3,4%
Burkina 171 105 42,9 Ghana Côte d’Ivoire 9 890 2,5 41,6% Burkina Ghana 165 830 41,6 42,9% Mali 12 430 3,2 Côte Togo 25 545 6,4 d'Ivoire 2,5% Total 398.390 100
Table 1: Volta Basin Countries Figure 5: Distribution of catchment areas in the Volta basin countries
85% of the total area of the basin is shared almost equally between 2 countries, i.e. Burkina and Ghana (Figure 5). The major tributaries located in the neighbouring countries converge towards GHANA. The opposite table presents the relative importance of the Volta for each country. It is still in Ghana and Burkina where the basin covers more than 50% of the total area of the country (Table 2). The major tributaries of the upper basin are located in Burkina Faso and flow in a zone where the rainfall is below 1000 mm. The flows increase towards the south.
Percentage of Country country area
Benin 12,1 %
Burkina 62,4 % Table 2: Catchment Area of Volta Basin Countries Côte d’Ivoire 3,07 %
Ghana 70,1 %
Mali 1%
Togo 45 %
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 8
COUNTRIES OF VOLTA BASIN N
Mopti #
BAI RAMBON
# # a GOERE# Ouahigouya#k a PLETO# m b KONGOUSSI é # YARAN# KANAZOE# #TAMPELGA SOUROU M # a s s # i ZIGA NWOKUY# Dédougou li # n # u # o WAYEN h TENADO Ouagadougou O u # uFada N'Gourma o N a # a N lé S o M z uh n i BOROMO i n a s o S u o i LAHIRASSO s n n # o g i o
l # h u i u BAGRE AVAL o ARLY #SAMANDENI M NEBBOU KOMPIENGA# # i BITTOU r a Bobo Dioulasso # j # AVAL d # PORGAM n DIEBOUGOU ZIOU R OUESSA # a e e # # a YARUGU g P b # d # i o r # NANGODI V u # # u o o # g LAWRA l Bolgatanga t u a MANDOURI # o B B # W TIELE l # DAPOLA a h c MANGO i PWALAGU # k t Natitingou WIASI e i # t V # Wa # V o O #KOUMANGOU # o l t YAGABA l a t a # NOUMBIEL # TITIRA né NAWUNI N'NABOUPI uè # # #DOMPAGA o # P Koulda DABOYA# SABOBA# # W # Kara h # O it POUON e Tamale t CHACHE V i # B o ô l Sokodé la ta M # c # k
V BONGOULOU TAGADIK o o # l ho t dio a Rte TAGADI# BUI DAM ## Bondoukou# BAMBOI ASUBENDE#
# AFRAMSO A Sunyani T # L O
V
# Yamoussokro E # K A
Kumasi L AKOSOMBO DAM # Lomé AKOSOMBO AVAL# #
Accra # Abidjan #
LEGEND # Normal Station # Teletransmitted Station Scale:1/1 400 000 # Towns Rivers
Figure 6: Map of the Volta River Basin with Volta-HYCOS Hydrometric Stations
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 9
3.3 RAINFALL The rainfall varies widely across the basin as shown in the average annual rainfall map from 1951 to 1989 (Figure 7). The upper basin in Burkina is located in a zone where the rainfall varies between 500 mm and 1000 mm while in the Ghana and Togo part of the basin, the range is between 1 000 to 1500 mm.
Figure 7: Inter annual average rainfall (Extract from the average annual rainfall map of West and Central Africa, 1951 to 1989 – ORSTOM)
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 10
3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN THE VOLTA BASIN The population distribution among the riparian countries in the Volta river basin is given below (table 3 and figure 8):
Country Population % Mali Benin 476 775 2,6 3,3% Togo 8,6% Benin 2,6% Burkina Faso 8 874 148 47,6
Ghana Cote d’Ivoire 397 853 2,1 35,8%
Ghana 6 674 376 35,8
Burkina Mali 625 000 3,3 47,6% Côte d'Ivoire 2,1% Togo 1 594 446 8,6
Total 18 642 598 100
Table 3: Population distribution in the Figure 8: Population distribution in the Volta River Basin Volta River Basin Burkina Faso alone accounts for more than 47% of the total population living in the basin.
3.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS
The socio-economic conditions of the population living in the basin are generally much lower than world average, as shown by the indicators in Table 4.
1995 2025 Forecast Per capita PIB Per capita GDP Area Population Annual Population Country GNP class GNP class (km²) (million) growth (%) (million) (US$) B. M. (US$) W. B. Benin 112 620 5.409 3.33 370 1 11.358 656 1 Burkina 274 200 10.319 2.79 300 1 21.668 532 1 Faso Côte 322 460 14.253 3.38 610 1 29.929 1 081 2 d’Ivoire Ghana 238 540 17.453 3.06 410 1 36.648 727 2 Mali 1 240 000 10.795 2.83 250 1 22.668 443 1 Togo 56 790 4.138 3.58 320 1 8.689 567 1
Table 4: Statistical data and projections on the evolution of the population, GNP and GDP of the Volta basin countries. (World Bank) With the exception of Côte d’Ivoire, these countries have GDP lower than 450 $US/head. The demographic trend indicates that the basin population could double in the next thirty years, and this will certainly worsen the already precarious living conditions unless there is a vigorous socio-economic development to raise the living standards of the people. Under the current conditions, coupled with the generally low level of socio-economic development, part of the basin population is exposed to unforeseen events of draughts that often turn into disaster. One can envisage a rapid degradation of the environment characterised by drastic reduction of water resources (dwindling of flooded areas, severe low water levels or droughts), negative impacts of desertification, (reduction of pasturelands, poor agricultural practices, sedimentation of river beds and reservoirs, overexploitation of valleys bottoms of the major tributaries of the river), human pollution of the waters of the Volta (domestic waste water and industrial effluents). Unless real socio-economic development is initiated immediately to preserve the environment, an almost irreversible degradation can be foreseen in the medium term.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 11
4. DESCRIPTION OF VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT
4.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPLES AND RESULTS 4.1.1 General objectives The Volta-HYCOS is one of the components of the AOC-HYCOS, which also forms part of the WMO WHYCOS programme. For this reason, it is in line with the general objectives of this programme: ¾ Establish a network of national hydrological observing systems that provide coherent quality information, transmitted in almost real time to national and regional databases through the WMO Global Telecommunications System or any other appropriate channel. ¾ Strengthen the technical and institutional capacities of the National Hydrological Services (NHSs) in the area of hydrological data collection and processing, and respond to the need of end users through the provision of relevant hydrological information on water resources and their trends. ¾ Promote and facilitate the dissemination and use of developed information and adapted products associated with water resource management, environmental protection and protection of human life and property against water related risks (floods and droughts) by using the most appropriate means of dissemination, particularly the opportunities offered by the Internet network. ¾ Strengthen the technical and institutional capacity of VBA for the evaluation of water resources in the basin so as to improve international cooperation which is essential for the rational and sustainable management and utilization of the water resources. This will contribute to poverty alleviation and sustainable development of the member countries. 4.1.2 Specific Objectives For several decades, the Volta basin has been the seat of sustained development, resulting in excessive pressure on water resources in this region characterised by populated and active rural areas and expanding urban centres both in Burkina Faso and Ghana. There are a lot of hydraulic structures in the basin. In addition to the most important ones that have already been mentioned above, there is a considerable number of hydraulic structures of local interest that inevitably impact on the water resource situation in the region (Burkina Faso accounts for more than 1100 impoundments with volumes of several hundred thousands to several millions m3, not to mention the numerous structures in the form of rocky bars or berms for water and soil conservation). Although there is little information on water quality within the Volta River Basin, the degradation of water quality is perceived to be an important issue in the basin. The causes of this degradation include poor farming practices, intensive over-grazing by cattle and sheep and bushfires. Poor farming practices include improper application of fertilizers and pesticides to agricultural lands that find their water into water bodies. Pollution of domestic origin also adversely affects water quality in the basin. Industrial pollution is not significant at the basin level in view of the very few industries located within the basin, although there is discharge of some untreated industrial effluents into the water bodies. The absence or lack of an adequate water quality monitoring system in the Volta basin countries at present does not permit a good assessment of the current state of surface water quality and its distribution in space and time. There is therefore an obvious need to develop an efficient and easily accessible regional hydrological information system (quantitative and qualitative) capable of providing users and decision makers with reliable and timely information on the status and trends of surface waters in order to enable an integrated and sustainable development of the water resources in the basin. The Volta-HYCOS project is intended to cover the “resources” part of this information system (including its components “hydrometeorological data collection”, “forecasts”, “water quality” and “environmental protection”) and secondly, offer an institutional and technological platform to accommodate all information pertaining to the use of water in the basin (agricultural, domestic and energy uses, water demand and withdrawals, etc.), provided the authorities in charge of these uses are interested in associating themselves with the project.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 13
Compared to most of the other large transboundary basins in Africa, the Volta basin represents a particular case in terms of lack of strong institutional framework at the regional level. Most of the large basins of the continent have an institutional and technical coordination structure, i.e. a basin organisation with all the structures required for the operations of this type of body (Council of Ministers, Executive Secretariat, Technical Committee of experts and sometimes even a technical agency for data collection). This is the case of the Senegal River, (OMVS), the Niger River (ABN), the Lake Chad basin (CBLT) and the Gambia River (OMVG). Apart from the sub region, there are comparable structures for the Zambezi River, the Orange River and the beginning of a consultative structure for the Nile basin. There is no comparable organisation for the Volta basin, whereas the equitable and non-conflicting allocation by the riparian governments fully justifies this structure. It must however be noted that the riparian countries have initiated bilateral or multilateral agreements which are in line with the joint management of water resources in the basin. A commission composed of high-level technical officials from Ghana and Burkina Faso has officially been established and met in January 2002 in Ouagadougou to reflect on the creation of a common structure to address the major hydrological and environmental problems in the Volta Basin. This led to the creation of a joint technical committee on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Subsequently in July 2004, after several meetings of the riparian States of the Volta Basin, the Volta Basin Technical Committee was formed and mandated to create the conditions necessary for the creation of a basin organisation to be in charge of the integrated management of the water resources, ecosystems and other related resources in the Basin. The first meeting of the ministers in charge of water in the six Volta basin countries took place in December 2005 at Ouagadougou. The meeting considered the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for the creation of the Volta Basin Authority. Decisions were taken on the ToR for preparation of the Convention setting up the Volta Basin Authority. There was a subsequent meeting in June 2006 (Regional Validation Workshop) also held in Ouagadougou to validate the convention and evaluate the status of the processes towards the creation of the VBA. The final version of these documents have been signed by the ministers in charge of water during their meeting on 17th July 2006 in Lome, Togo. An unavoidable prerequisite for water sharing (or sharing of benefits derived from water) consists in sharing information on water resources and its use in a free and transparent manner. The Volta- HYCOS project, by providing a common information system on the hydrology and water resources for the whole basin, could constitute the operational technical dimension of the Volta Basin Authority. Volta-HYCOS is therefore being implemented to fulfil two closely interlinked goals: i) enabling NHSs of the region to improve their capability of collecting data and turning it in useful information for the end users and ii) support VBA to create the agreed framework and the underlying technical infrastructure for favouring the dissemination and the exchange of information among the partners. 4.1. 3 General Principles The Volta-HYCOS project will establish and sustain an information system on the water resources of the Volta River, to be coordinated by the PRC (2iE/GEE) in Ouagadougou and VBA. The project will strengthen the role of member countries, particularly Burkina Faso and Ghana, for the integrated management of the water resources of the river basin so as to become a recognised regional information provider in hydrology and water resources, meeting the real expectations of national and regional decision-makers, administrators and users. The achievement of the objectives involves actions by VBA and the participating countries who will be involved in all stages of the project and who will also be the first beneficiaries of the products developed. Particularly, all basic information will be collected by the National Hydrological Services of the countries that have the expertise and mandate for the acquisition, processing and control of these data. It is imperative to have very reliable data and long chronological series, for example to demonstrate the impacts of climatic change on water resources. The search for such accuracy imposes thorough and frequent field inspections, and therefore expensive. This explains why the project has provided for contributions to the budgets of the NHSs in order to help the various actors to properly carry out these tasks and provide the PRC with accurate, reliable and timely information, which is
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 14
indispensable for the establishment of an information system that is relevant and satisfactory to the various users. Just like the other HYCOS projects undergoing instruction, the three-year project will be implemented in two phases: ¾ A preparatory phase during which the RC coordinator will prepare, in collaboration with the NHSs, a detailed implementation programme (final choice of measuring sites supported with relevant arguments, topographical surveys on these sites, selection of the most appropriate type of equipment for each site, data-processing equipment requirements at the PRC and NHSs, training needs, detailed schedule for the execution of the various activities, project monitoring and evaluation criteria, etc.). This initial phase, which is for six months, will end with the first meeting of the Project Steering Committee to validate the proposals. ¾ The actual project implementation phase to begin as early as possible (considering the donor’s administrative procedures) after the Steering Committee meeting has endorsed the project document, including detailed budget and workplan. 4.1.4 Expected Results The project is structured along five major components, each of them aiming at achieving specific results: a) Strengthening the institutional and technical capacity of VBA. The goal of this component is to involve the VBA in the implementation process of such an important project. The project will provide an opportunity to VBA to enhance its technical and institutional capacity for the development, management and implementation of similar important projects related to integrated water resources management. Further, it will provide administrative experience to VBA for handling future projects in the basin. b) Enhancement of the network of hydrological stations. The goal of this component is to identify a network of stations, which will jointly provide the minimum set of data to allow proper monitoring and follow up of the status and evolution of the water resources in the basin. These stations will be rehabilitated and equipped with new instruments (staff gauges, rain gauge, digital water level recorders, DCP, radio HF, GSM telephone or METEOSAT antennas) according to the requirement of the NHSs and the PRC will also be provided with other measuring equipment (including those for water quality monitoring). The project intends to provide for the installation of 60 hydrometric stations (cf. annex 4). Twenty (20) will be equipped with DCPs with tele-transmission via satellite (Meteosat) and twenty-five (25) will be equipped with digital water level recorders without tele-transmission. Three (3) stations will be equipped with facilities for radio transmission and one station will have GSM transmission through the gauge reader. The remaining 11 stations will be equipped with staff gauges and gauge readers will be engaged to carry out the measurements. c) The implementation of a surface water quality monitoring network in the Volta basin. The objective of this component is to establish baseline data on water quality in the basin, using simple parameters (temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and suspended solids). The measurements will permit the evaluation of the temporal and spatial distribution of the measured parameters on the principal rivers in the Volta basin and to detect eventual signs of degradation. The measurement will be carried out in priority on transboundary rivers entering or leaving the country and also downstream of major agricultural works (cf Annex 4.1). d) Development of a regional hydrological information system. This component will aim at reinforcing the national database tools in the NHSs and establishing a regional database hosted by the PRC. To achieve this result, apart from the acquisition of the necessary hardware and software, it will also be necessary to establish working agreement and protocols among the PRC and the NHSs for the regular exchange of raw and validated data. Similar agreements shall also be established with other institutions and organizations collecting water related data, in particular for water quality. e) Development of hydrological information products. Based on the data made available by the project (both historical and near-real-time) information products will be developed responding to the needs expressed by the end users (see 4.2.2 for a partial list of potential users). These information
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 15
products will include: reports on hydrological status and trends, on water quality, on the groundwater resources, on dams and impounded volumes, forecasts, data on the environment of the basin, etc. (for a complete list of products see Annex 7). The backbone of the information system will be represented by the Volta-HYCOS web site, which will allow users easy access to data and information. However other dissemination methods will also be put in place, such as bulletins, newsletters, etc. Feedback from users will be constantly sought, in order to ensure that the products developed really respond to users’ needs. f) Additional training and sensitization: Beyond the training events that will be required to support the implementation of the above three components, other training events will be organized on themes relevant to the project, such as integrated water resources management. The complete list of training topics is available in Annex 5. In order to enlarge the users of the project products and ensure their wide dissemination, seminars and workshops will be regularly organized for end users, to present new products and collect their feedback, as well as for transferring to NHSs the products developed in the framework of the project.
4.2 BENEFICIARIES OF VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT The implementation of a hydrological observing system for the Volta Basin (Volta-HYCOS), applying the general concept of WHYCOS in the sub-region, constitutes a means of modernising and adapting the National Hydrological Services (NHS) to the economic situation of the affected countries and reinforcing the action of the Ouagadougou West African Conference follow-up committee by intensifying the cooperation between member states and consolidating the bases of an integrated water resources management, and more generally that of natural resources. The Volta-HYCOS project will boost the operational hydrology by integrating it further into the socio-economic life of the basin countries. Its implementation will serve the interests of all the partners involved in a vision of integrated management of land and water resources at the basin level, including hydrological forecasts adapted to the various types of users. At the macro-economic level, the existence of an effective information system on water resources will be of particular help to the following areas of activity: (i) Extension of irrigated agriculture and increase of its efficiency, thus contributing to the reduction of food deficiency, (ii) Coordination of water resource development plans of the basin countries, (iii) Hydroelectricity power generation (natural energy resource which does not need foreign currency after the construction) for the development of the secondary sector. At the same time, knowing that the water resources of the river and the basin environment – particularly in the Sahelian zone – are subject to increasing pressure due to human activities, the information system will help to assess the extent of the impacts on the environment and water resources, identify the sources of degradation, as well as monitor and control the actions implemented to preserve the water resources and environment of the basin. An initial identification of the beneficiaries of the Volta-HYCOS project, done during the country visits in the initial phase, is proposed below. They include existing users, those using the hydrological information provided them by the national departments or which they collect directly, and other potential clients who will be interested in the information established in real and almost real-time through more synthetic products developed from these data. 4.2.1 Project Beneficiaries According to Areas of Activity 4.2.1.1 National Hydrological Services In general, the National Hydrological Services in charge of producing hydrological information will be the first beneficiaries of this programme. The central and regional Departments will directly benefit from the project due to improvements in the speed and efficiency of data collection in the field, improvement in the quality of measurements, development of systems of computerised management and access to these data, their standardisation, as well as the development of training programmes.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 16
4.2.1.2 Water Resources Managers The establishment of this information system will help to publish with little delay the hydrological situation along the whole river, produce river flow reports at typical points, know the parameters of the hydrological functioning of the big dams and establish forecasts on the state of the water resources. The system will also help to establish a list of indicators for the benefit of the countries whose decision-makers will need it in normal times as well as times of extraordinary events. It is essential that the products of the Volta-HYCOS programme meet their expectations. 4.2.1.3 Agricultural Services In almost all the countries of the region, irrigation constitutes an essential stake for development. The various agricultural services responsible for promoting and supervising this mode of cultivation are eager to obtain information on the state and quality of water resources for optimal management of the irrigated areas, in the short term, and the conduct of feasibility studies in order to create or expand the existing ones, in the long-term. 4.2.1.4 Fisheries Fish production in the Volta River constitutes a natural resource of considerable economic importance to the various countries of the basin and an essential source of protein for the inhabitants of the sub region. The trend of the stock is directly related to the volume of water in the berms and dams and hence to the river regime and quality of its water. A regional hydrological observatory offering relevant and regular information on these parameters represents an indispensable complement in the process of judicious use and preservation of this important asset. 4.2.1.5 Navigation Companies Navigation on the water body created by the Akosombo dam is determined by the volume of water in the dam. The installations put in place by the Volta-HYCOS programme together with the real-time information system should help to improve the flow forecasts in the dam. 4.2.1.6 Water Supply Companies Population pressure in the next 25 years coupled with the projected rise in the standard of living in the basin countries make the supply of drinking water a major stake for Decision makers. The resources of the river, its tributaries and the riparian alluvial sheets will be used increasingly. The information and Volta-HYCOS information system products will help to develop a concerted approach to the establishment of monitoring of water quantity and quality over the whole river basin. 4.2.1.7 Environmental Monitoring Bodies For some years now, the national authorities of the Volta River riparian countries have been concerned about conservation of the basin environment. Study programmes on the trend of the quality of the river water have been put in place and will continue to develop. Surveillance of the already known sources of pollution is also another source of concern. All these observing and forecasting programmes absolutely need to have accurate information on the trend of the flows as well as the physico-chemical parameters in the various berms of the river. The transboundary nature of the river and the gravity of the low waters of its upstream tributaries emphasise the importance of these environmental programmes. 4.2.1.8 Dam Operators The quasi real-time hydrological forecast function of the Volta-HYCOS programme will gain the interest of dam operators if the proposed products have been developed in consultation with them by taking their needs into consideration. In the same way, these same operators can use the Volta- HYCOS project information system to demonstrate the effects and benefits of their dams in the regional and global management of the basin water resources. 4.2.1.9 Academic and Research Institutions At the universities, or in the research institutions, researches are being conducted in various areas of water resources, environment, hydrobiology and fisheries by each country as well as by inter-country organisations in the sub region. The Volta-HYCOS project will allow these scientists to have easy access
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 17
to recent, reliable and coherent data. Close collaboration will be established with complementary programmes such as: FRIEND-AOC, which can provide historical data needed for the development of new statistical products or demonstration of the long-term trends. The Volta-HYCOS “portrait” will help to promote and enhance the value locally and internationally of research results through close collaboration with the national components of the project, especially by proposing research products. Challenge Programs on Water and Food being implemented by the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). There are 9 benchmark basins that the project covers, the Volta basin being one of them. The central objective of this program is to provide tools for decision- making to help improve agricultural productivity of water and improve food security in the project areas. The project also works towards poverty alleviation, improved health and environmental security through improved water quality as well as maintenance of water-related ecosystems and biodiversity. There can be collaboration in data collection programs which are part of the research activities. GLOWA-Volta program (Global Change in Hydrological Cycle) financed by the German Ministry of Education and Research, which aims at supporting sustainable management of water resources in the Volta basin through the development of a decision support system for decision makers in the basin. The hydrological observations are being undertaken in the context of global hydrological changes. 4.2.1.10 African Media Previous experiences of hydrological observatories and information systems on water resources in the region, such as the West and Central African Regional Hydrological Observatory (OHRAOC) of the IRD and the AOC-HYCOS pilot project site whose information were easily accessible to all types of users through the Internet system, showed that the general (non-specialised) national or regional Internet portals chose convenient places to reference these regional hydrological information sites. An example is the WAEMU site that referenced the OHRAOC site under the heading “Regional and local hydrology” on the first pages of all the member countries of the Union. 4.2.1.11 The General Public The establishment of national information systems and access to regional information system will support implementing IWRM policies and the development of useful hydrological products circulated through the media (press, radio, television) in the Volta River Basin, especially during the extraordinary events such as exceptional floods or severe drought resulting in low flows. 4.2.2 Project Beneficiaries According to Departments and Institutions Some of the direct beneficiaries are listed below: 4.2.2.1 Volta Basin Authority - Technical Secretariat - Administrative and Financial Department - Legal Department 4.2.2.2 Benin - National Directorate of Hydraulics - Rural Engineering Directorate - Fisheries Directorate - Forests and Natural Resources Directorate - National Center for Fuana Management Reserves (CENAGREF) - Land Management Directorate - National Commission for Desertification Control - Animal Rearing Directorate - Agriculture Directorate
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 18
- Abomey-Calavi University - Parakou University - Benin Center for Scientific and Technical Research - Consulting Firms - Parakou Regional Department of Hydraulics - WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme 4.2.2.3 Burkina Faso - Directorate General for Water Resources - Regional Departments of Bobo Dioulasso, Dedougou, Ouahigouya and Tenkodogo - National Water and Sanitation Service (ONEA) - Burkina Electricity Authority (SONABEL) - Sourou River Development (AMVS) - Directorate for Development and Exploitation of Halieutic Resources (DAERHA) - Directorate for Promotion of Fishery Sector (DPFP) - General Directorate of Environmental Preservation (DGPE) - National Research Institution for Environment and Agriculture (INERA) - Directorate of Bagré Dam (MOB) - National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST) - Permanent Transboundary Committee against droughts in Sahel (CILSS) - Consulting Firms 4.2.2.4 Côte d’Ivoire - The Ministry of Environment, Water and Forest, Department of Water Resources - Ministry of Economic Infrastructure, Department of Human Hydraulics - Ministry of Agriculture - Ministry of Animal Husbandry and Halieutic Resources - National Agency for Rural Development - National Consulting Office for Technical and Development Matters - Councilor General of Departments in Bondoukou and Tanda - Bondoukou Regional Hydrology Directorate - University Research Institutions - Consulting Firms 4.2.2.5 Ghana - Water Research Institute. - Water Users Committee - Volta River Authority - WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme - Water Resources Commission - Irrigation development Authority - Ghana Water Company Limited - Community Water and Sanitaion Agency (CWSA) - Consulting Firms
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 19
4.2.2.6 Mali - National Department of Hydraulics - Regional Hydraulics Department of Mopti - Rice office of Mopti - Fishery Operation Mopti - Mopti Agronomical Regional Center - University of Bamako - Ministry of Agriculture - Sourou Region - Consulting Firms 4.2.2.7 Togo - Department of Planning and Management of Water Resoources (under the Directorate General for Water Supply and Sanitation (DGEA) - Togolese Water (TdE) - WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme - Electricity Company of Benin - University of Lome - Consulting Firms
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 20
5. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT 5.1.1 Volta Basin Authority(VBA) The Volta Basin Authority (VBA) is created for the purpose of ensuring international cooperation which is essential for the rational and sustainable management of the water resources of the Volta basin and for the socioeconomic integration among the riparian countries. Membership in the Authority is open to all six riparian countries of the Volta River Basin namely; Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali and Togo. The VBA was created with a view to promoting permanent consultation tools among the parties for the development of the basin as well as to promote the implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM) and the equitable distribution of the benefits resulting from their various utilizations. The Authority will authorize the development of infrastructure and projects planned by the stakeholders that could have substantial impact on the water resources of the basin and promote the development of joint projects and works. The Authority is expected to contribute to poverty alleviation, sustainable development of the countries in the Volta basin, and for better socio-economic integration in the sub-region. 5.1.2 National Hydrological Services (NHS) The NHSs of the 6 Volta basin countries will be essential actors of the Volta-HYCOS Project. They are in charge of ensuring maintenance of the hydrometrical network as well as collection and classification of basic data. These government institutions will undertake to share data acquired under the project in addition to historical data in order to allow the establishment of a regional database and the information system that will be derived from it. The situation of the NHSs of these countries is not the best in terms of human and material resources. The project will therefore be devoted to strengthening the technical and institutional capacities of the NHSs. This will help to improve their performances in terms of metrology and data collection, and particularly in classifying and presenting data in a manner that is attractive and meets the needs of users. Besides satisfying the immediate objective (establishment of an information system), this vision should have a very positive impact on the sustainability of the project by generating renewed interest of the respective governments for the NHSs, resulting in the allocation of a decent and regular budget to allow them to provide the services expected from them. 5.1.2.1 Hydrological Services Department of Ghana (HSDG) The National Hydrological Services of Ghana (NHSG) is called Hydrological Services Department (HSD). It is one of the departments under the new Ministry of Water, Works and Housing. This ministry was until recently known as the Ministry of Works and Housing. The NHS is in charge of hydrological data collection in the country. It is also in charge of processing, storing and disseminating the hydrological information collected to potential users, especially the water related institutions in the country. Its mandate covers not only hydrological data collection but also applied hydrology. In this respect, the department is also in charge of the design and supervision of construction of major drains in urban centres for storm drainage. HSD does not have a groundwater monitoring programme. A new programme on groundwater monitoring, started as a project is housed in the Water Resources Commission (WRC). Water quality data collection is undertaken by the Water Research Institute (WRI), which also handles the archiving and processing of hydrogeological data.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 21
5.1.2.2 Directorate General for Water Resources (DGRE), Burkina Faso The DGRE is one of the six directorates of the Ministry of Agriculture, Hydraulics and Halieutic Resources. It is in charge of water resources management in Burkina Faso and the establishment of a relevant information system. Specifically, the DGRE is responsible for monitoring the use of water resources and ensuring the regular functioning of the hydrometrical and piezometric stations, centralising and processing hydrological and hydro-geological data collected on the whole hydrographical basin, coordinating and seeing to the preparation of all publications on water resources and conducting all hydrological, hydro- geological and hydro-meteorological studies needed to provide information on the river systems. To do this, the DGRE is divided into two departments: Department of Studies and Information on Water (DEIE) and Hydrographical Basins Monitoring Department (DSBH). Both departments are involved in the Volta-HYCOS project. 5.1.3 International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (2iE/EIER-ETSHER GROUP) All HYCOS projects require the establishment of a regional centre with the following major attributes: ¾ Reception of data of regional interest provided by the NHSs, establishment of a regional database, preparation of summary “hydrological products” (performance indicators, forecasts, etc.), circulation of these information generally through the Internet and any other appropriate media. ¾ Organisation of national and regional training programmes. ¾ Management and technical supervision of project. For this reason, the Regional Centre must have a unit in charge of project management (Project Management Unit) consisting of requisite personnel in terms of number and competence. Where a basin organisation exists, the Technical Secretariat of this unit is automatically contacted to assume the functions of Regional Centre of the project. In the case of the Volta-HYCOS project there was no basin organisation at the inception of the project hence the need to find a transitional solution by entrusting the functions of the project regional centre to a recognised regional entity that is competent in area of water resources, new technologies and capacity building. The Ouagadougou School of Rural Infrastructure Engineering (EIER-ETSHER), which has since June 2006 become the International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering – 2iE has the capacity to assume these functions. During its meeting in January 2003, the Burkina-Ghana technical commission considered this option to be suitable and desirable. The 2iE/EIER-ETSHER GROUP organises advanced multipurpose vocational training programmes, especially in the fields of rural and urban hydraulics. The school was established by 14 West and Central African States. These are represented in a Council of Ministers and at the School Board of Directors. The 2iE/EIER-ETSHER GROUP has the material infrastructure and “corporate culture” compatible with the requirements of the project (high flow Internet connection, air-conditioned premises, possibility of involving engineering students in the project during their final year training period, etc.). The 2iE premises is therefore to house the Project Regional Centre. The place is also conducive for the organisation of the Volt-HYCOS training programs. The school will house the technology platform to be created which will consist of samples of the hydrological equipment to be acquired for the measurement and transmission of data in the framework of the Volta-HYCOS Project (water level sensors, Meteosat and GSM transmission systems etc.). The equipment will be used for the Volta HYCOS training programmes. The lecturers will have access to the equipment for teaching purposes in Hydrology and Hydraulics.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 22
5.1.4 IRD The IRD was originally designated to operate the hydrological networks of 5 out of 6 of the countries sharing the Volta Basin. The IRD has been in existence and operating in this region for more than 50 years. Under the current programme, the IRD provides competent personnel in the areas of operational hydrology, observatory management and automated data management. The IRD hydrologists through the US OBHI (Hydrological Observatory Services and Engineering Unit) already have a good experience on WHYCOS projects. The first WHYCOS Project, covering the countries of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea (MED-HYCOS) started in 1995 and IRD hosted and managed the Project Regional centre. The Project Regional Centre of IRD has always been based in Montpellier since its inception, and this programme is currently attached to the OBHI. Also, the IRD financed the development of the West and Central African Regional Hydrological Observatory in Ouagadougou (OHRAOC – 1996-2000). This project set the basis for the AOC- HYCOS, whose pilot phase (2000-2002) was financed by France. IRD also collaborated to the SADC- HYCOS project, developing the regional database. In the AOC region IRD is, nowadays, technical partner in the Niger-HYCOS project, which started in April 2005. The IRD also contributed to the SADC-HYCOS involving the Southern African countries, by developing the regional database of the programme. IRD further supports Niger-HYCOS (which started in April 2005) through the organisation of selected training programmes and finally, the US OBHI is working in close collaboration with the WMO to develop the CARIB-HYCOS. 5.1.5 The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) The World Meteorological Organization launched the WHYCOS programme in 1993 and is the custodian of implementation of the various regional components in accordance with the established WHYCOS Guidelines (WMO/TD No. 1282, 2005). Since then, WMO has promoted and supervised the implementation of several regional HYCOS components, namely, MED-HYCOS, SADC-HYCOS Phase I, AOC-HYCOS and the ongoing Mekong-HYCOS, Niger-HYCOS, Pacific-HYCOS and Volta- HYCOS. WMO is also presently developing, in partnership with regional and national actors, new components for the IGAD region, SADC (Phase II), the Caribbean Islands, Senegal River basin, Lake Chad basin, the Arctic region and the Hindu Kush Himalaya region. WMO ensures maximum synergy and exchange of expertise among the various projects in order to avoid duplication of efforts, ensure consistency of the implementation of each component with the WHYCOS Guidelines, free use of the meteorological satellite for data transmission from automatic stations, support from and complementarity with other WMO activities within the Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (e.g. integrated flood management) and other WMO Programmes.
5.2 PROJECT EXECUTION, GOVERNANCE, PROCEDURES AND MODALITIES The project will be executed with human and material support from the Executing Agency, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in close cooperation and collaboration with VBA and the host institute for the Project Regional Centre (PRC), that is the 2iE/EIER-ETSHER GROUP and technical assistance from IRD, with the cooperation of the National Hydrological Services of participating countries. It is understood that 2iE/EIER-ETSHER GROUP is assisting WMO, which is in charge of the project execution. A Project Steering Committee (PSC) has been established to supervise and validate the project definition, the developed strategy and the project implementation plan. The Project Management Unit is accountable to the PSC and member countries for the smooth implementation of the project. It will be located within the Project Regional Centre (PRC). The Project Management Unit will consist of the Project Coordinator, to be appointed from the participating countries and assisted by four technical experts from IRD. The technical assistance by IRD will include one hydrologist (technical coordinator), a hydrological technician, an electronic database specialist and a Webmaster, all provided as part of the IRD contribution to the project. An
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 23
administrative and financial assistant are to be provided by the 2iE/EIER-ETSHER. The respective functions of the Project Coordinator and Technical Coordinator are defined in annex 8. The project implementation will be carried out according to an annual programme of activities to be approved by the Steering Committee. The coordinator will provide quarterly reports in collaboration with the technical coordinator on the progress of the project in all its technical and financial aspects to the Executing Agency (WMO). The latter will report back to the Steering Committee. Occasionally, highly specialised skills will have to be mobilised in the areas of metrology, data processing, database, and information systems. The project may contact service companies or consultants to satisfy these needs. At the end of the first phase of Volta-HYCOS programme, it should be possible to transfer the expertise of the consortium to the new Volta basin organisation. The consolidation of a training centre at the PRC, when necessary, in partnership with specialised regional institutions such as the 2iE/EIER- ETSHER will help to conduct training activities on the spot and establish a centre of regional expertise. Figure 9 presents the mechanisms of project governance and execution.
Figure 9: Governance and Implementation of the Volta-HYCOS Project
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 24
5.2.1 Project Steering Committee (PSC) The Project Steering Committee (PSC) is the supreme decision-making authority of the project. Its role is to see to the coherence of the project and supervise its implementation strategy. It will decide on any possible changes in the direction of the project and approve the annual programme of activities and the related budget. The PSC consists of representatives of each member country of the Volta basin, a representative of VBA, a representative of the 2iE /GEE, a representative of the donor, a representative of IRD and a representative of the project Executing Agency (WMO). The project coordinator will be the secretary to the PSC. To ensure efficiency of the PSC, it was agreed that each country representative be appointed for the whole duration of the project. Functions/Responsibilities of the Project Steering Committee
- Approve the general policy and strategy of project, - Manage disputes and possible disagreements between partner countries and institutions, - Approve recruitments for the Project Management Unit, - Approve the project execution plan, - Approve annual programmes of activities and corresponding budgets, - Supervise project implementation, - Approve possible amendments in the project document, - Evaluate the progress and results of project,
5.2.2 Executing Agency (WMO) The Execution Agency, in close collaboration with the 2iE/EIER-ETSHER, is responsible for the management, implementation, administration and financial monitoring of the project. The essential characteristics of the Executing Agency are its capacity to manage multilateral cooperation projects as well as its credibility as an institution with donors and International Organisations. The Executing Agency will collaborate with the VBA, Project Regional Centre (2iE/EIER-ETSHER) and IRD to set up a Regional Data Base (RDB) and a Project Management Unit to assist it in implementing the project. The WMO will ensure that the Volta-HYCOS project is consistent with the fundamental objectives of the WHYCOS programme and other on-going or planned HYCOS components in various parts of the world. Functions/Responsibilities of the Executing Agency
- Coordinate and manage the financial resources of the project, - Monitor the project implementation schedule, - Support the project Regional Centre and establish the project management Unit and the Regional Data Base, - Support the rehabilitation activities for reinforcing the data collection networks, - Coordinate project activities with other WHYCOS projects. - Ensure synergy with Niger-HYCOS. - Provide the link with the meteorological community (Meteorological Services, Eumetsat, etc.) for the use of the data transmission system by satellite and exchange of data through the SMT and the Internet. - Prepare all tender documents for the acquisition of equipment and award of contracts. - Manage material and equipment purchase contracts,
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 25
- Manage contracts with service providers, - Take charge of the administrative management of project, - Monitor and report on the progress of project to the PSC and donors. - Conduct the financial monitoring of the project and report to the donors.
5.2.3 Technical Assistance (IRD) IRD is responsible for the technical coordination of the activities required to meet the objectives of the project, and this will be done in close cooperation with the institutional representative of the project, the project coordinator and WMO. It will be involved in all of the activities envisaged for the preparatory and implementation phases, as outlined in the project document and the detailed plan of action. The Project Regional Data Base (RDB) and PMU will be supported by a team of experts provided by IRD to ensure sound implementation of the project. The TOR for IRD is included in annex 9. Functions/Responsibilities of IRD
- Assist the PRC during the initial phase, in assessing countries requirements and finalizing the detailed project document; the preparation of a schedule for project activities, which has monitoring and assessment indicators. - Support the establishment of a system for predicting floods and low flows so as to improve the management of hydrological installations, particularly reservoirs. - Establish a system to develop hydrological products so development actors in the Volta River Basin can use that routinely and with greater ease. - Design and implementation of training programmes according to the needs expressed by participating countries. - Assist in preparing the technical specifications for the equipment and software to be purchased for the project and the related calls for tenders. - Assist the PRC during the implementation phase, in establishing hydrological information and hydrological product development systems, as well as in preparing and implementing training programmes, all of which are to be in harmony with other HYCOS projects in the region.
5.2.4 2iE/EIER-ETSHER Group The 2iE/EIER-ETSHER Group will host the Project Regional Centre (PRC) by providing office accommodating on its campus to the Project Management Unit and the Regional Data Base (RDB). The Group will assist WMO in the execution of the project by providing administrative accounting management support to the PRC. The 2iE/EIER-ETSHER Group will assist the PRC with its scientific expertise in the area of water resources by assuring, in partnership with, the training modules designed for the NHSs of the participating countries. It will equally participate in collaboration with IRD in the development of hydrological products using the hydrological data.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 26
Responsibilities/Functions of 2iE/EIER-ETSHER Group
- Host the Project Regional Centre, which is made up of the Project Management Unit and the Regional Data Base (RDB) - Provide administrative and logistic support necessary for the project implementation - Assist WMO in the management of financial resources - Make available to the project training equipment and necessary tools for the implementation of the training programmes designed for the NHSs - Participate in delivering the training programmes in partnership with IRD and in accordance with the programme defined by the PMU - Assist the PRC, in collaboration with IRD, in the development of hydrological products using the hydrological data acquired in the framework of the Volta-HYCOS project - Put at the disposal of the project tools and other scientific resources necessary for the implementation of the project.
5.2.5 National Hydrological Services (NHS) of Participating Countries The participating countries have an important responsibility in the project implementation. To ensure the success and sustainability of the project, it is indispensable to obtain the approval of participating countries in the form of agreements signed with the Executing Agency stating their commitments in the project before it is launched. The partner countries should, at least for the reference stations as defined in country consultation, undertake to provide real-time data acquired under the project as well as historical data, which are needed for the development of the regional database as well as the hydrological products. The chances of success of the project will be greatly improved if the NHSs of the partner countries receive financial contribution in compensation for the expenses incurred as a result of their participation in the project. Provisions of this nature have been made in the Volta- HYCOS project budget (cf. Annex 3). Functions/Responsibilities of participating countries
- Provide the necessary support during missions by the Project Regional Centre and equipment and service providers, - Provide the required competent personnel for the project activities, - Carry out installations and other works necessary for the project, if necessary, with the support of the Regional Centre and/or service providers, - Facilitate all procedures to ensure easy implementation of the project (permit for installation of equipment on the ground, passage of materials across the borders, etc.) - Conduct all the operations normally required in a water resources evaluation and management of the project and ensure the protection and maintenance of equipment needed for such a project. - Provide the PRC with information and data needed to attain the project objectives, - Make available to national authorities, users and the general public, information and other hydrological products resulting from the project.
5.2.6 Project Regional Centre – PRC The Project Regional Centre (PRC) will be hosted and located at 2iE/EIER-ETSHER GROUP premises. It will consist of a project Management Unit and the Regional Data Base (RDB). The PMU will be set up by the Executing Agency (WMO), Technical Assistance (IRD) and the 2iE to assist the PRC in implementing the tasks as specified in the project document. The Project Management Unit
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 27
(PMU) is the structure devoted to the implementation of the project activities. It is the focal point for coordination of the project activities implemented by and within the participating countries. The PRC will promote regional cooperation in terms of evaluation, control and management of water resources and constitutes a centre of exchange of expertise and know-how. The terms of reference of the PRC are provided in Annex 2. Functions/Responsibilities of the PRC (2iE)
- Serve as the focal point for the coordination of project activities executed by and within the participating countries, - Manage the network of DCPs stations and transmit data to the participating countries that do not have direct access to the satellite transmission, - Manage the regional database and all related activities (dissemination of information, development of hydrological products, management and maintenance of Internet site…). - Conduct all the activities specified in the project document that do not fall under sub-contracts, such as training seminars, advice to the DCP network management etc.
5.2.7 Volta Basin Authority The Volta Basin Authority will play a major role as the regional institution covering all the six Volta basin countries. It will be involved in the close cooperation with other partners in the implementation process of the Volta-HYCOS project to ensure regional cooperation among participating countries and to provide the political support to the project. Functions/Responsibilities of the VBA
- To promote regional cooperation in matters of evaluation, control and management of water resources in the Volta Basin - To serve as a forum for the exchange of expertise and skills - To serve as a vector of communication between the regional institutions and the other projects within the basin - To provide political support to the member countries
5.3 RESOURCES The implementation of the Volta-HYCOS will require the investment of human and material resources both at the PRC and the NHSs of participating countries. 5.3.1 Project Regional Centre (PRC) ¾ Human Resources: 1. A coordinator, an experienced hydrologist, who is well versed in international projects management, will be provided for the participating countries and will be in charge of the project implementation. Working in consultation with the Steering Committee, he will more particularly be responsible for the strategic implementation of the project as well as bi and multilateral relations. He will be in charge of relations with other projects as well as regional and national organisations, and shall see to the promotion of synergies with water resources and environmental projects. He will represent the project at national, regional and international fora. He will see to the smooth execution of the project. 2. A technical coordinator, provided as part of the IRD technical assistance to the project. An experienced hydrologist well versed in international projects management as well as recent technology in terms of acquisition, processing and dissemination of information.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 28
3. A hydrological technician, provided as part of the IRD technical assistance to the project, responsible for feeding the database with the information system. 4. A computer engineer, provided as part of the IRD technical assistance to the project, responsible for the development and maintenance of the database. 5. A Webmaster, provided as part of the IRD technical assistance to the project, who will be in charge of the creation, operation and maintenance Volta-HYCOS website. These functions must be performed as much as possible by the partner institutions and member countries of the project. There is the possibility of engaging service companies or consultants for some of the assignments, if funds are available. ¾ Material Resources The PRC will be equipped with modern data-processing equipment adapted to the project objectives: 1. Server for database, accessible by computers on the network and capable of allowing multiple access on a database functioning under ORACLE to ensure perfect data integrity, 2. Internet server, adapted to the needs of the new project, 3. Desktop computers for data processing at the PRC, 4. Laptop computers for rounds to participating NHSs to collect data and transfer software as well as other information products developed at the PRC. Service providers and consultants will also be provided with laptops, 5. High-performance intranet network, 6. Protected power supply system (uninterrupted power supply), 7. User-friendly modern software for processing and management of hydrological data, 8. Updating of all office automation software, 9. Video projector. The PRC will also be provided with adequate training materials for training in hydrometry: 1. Pneumatic boat, 2. Complete set of boat gauging equipment, 3. Topographical survey equipment, 4. Water quality portable kit. A technology platform will be created in the school, which will consist of samples of the hydrological equipment to be acquired for the measurement and transmission of data in the framework of the Volta- HYCOS Project (water level sensors, Meteosat and GSM transmission systems etc.). The equipment will be used for the Volta-HYCOS training programmes. The lecturers will have access to the equipment for teaching purposes. 5.3.2 At the NHSs ¾ Human Resources: 1. A hydrological engineer, project focal point, responsible for the smooth implementation of project activities in his country. He will report to the Project Steering Committee on the difficulties and progress of the project in his country. He will actively participate in the definition and development of hydrological products. 2. A computer scientist in charge of the national database. He will work in close collaboration with the RC to update the regional database. 3. A team of hydrometrists who will be in charge of managing the network of reference stations and primary processing of data within the framework of the activities of the NHS, 4. Assistance for maintenance of data-processing equipment (conducted by a service provider, possibly on a contractual basis).
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 29
¾ Material Resources National Hydrological Services will be equipped with modern hydrological and computer equipment, which will make it possible to assure discharge measurements on the field, as well as the management, processing and diffusion of hydrological data: 1. Desktop and/or laptop computers with peripheral equipment (printer, scanner…). 2. High-performance Intranet at the NHS. 3. User-friendly software for processing and management of hydro-meteorological data for Ghana and Togo (the other countries will acquire the software under the NIGER-HYCOS project. 4. A server for the Data Base which will be accessible from networked computers and capable of supporting multiple use of the software. Database should be constructed on the ORACLE principle to ensure the integrity of the data. These servers will be purchased for Ghana and Togo as priority as the other four countries would be supplied under the Niger- HYCOS project. 5. Flow measuring devices (current meters), complete current meters and spares for rehabilitating existing current meters, which are either in a bad state or of insufficient numbers. 6. Modern flow-measuring equipment (ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler). Considering the cost, only two sets of equipment will be acquired for Burkina Faso and Ghana under the available budget. Togo will next be considered under complementary funding to be sourced. The other countries that already have this equipment or would be supplied under Niger-HYCOS project will be give least priority. 7. The Project Regional Centre will benefit from the use of the ADCP to be supplied to Burkina Faso if training in the use of ADCP is held in the PRC in Ouagadougou. 8. Staff gauges, digital water level recorder, METEOSAT DCPs, GSM and radio HF transmitters, rain gauges, water quality portable probes.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 30
6. PROJECT COST AND FINANCING
The total cost of the project is estimated at 2.937354 million Euros over a three-year period. Of this amount, 1.22 million Euros is provided in kind by the project partners. The cash contribution from AFD/FFEM is 1.0 million Euros. The in-kind contribution of the other partners is presented in the Table below. The contribution from IRD covers the provision of a hydrologist, hydrological technician, a computer engineer and a Webmaster to the Volta-HYCOS project. The 2iE/EIER- ETSHER GROUP in-kind contribution covers the provision of logistics and administrative support to the project. The participating countries in-kind contribution covers personnel, functioning and depreciation of the hydrological equipment being used. Complementary funds amounting to 717 354 € will be secured from other donors.
Available funds (in cash and kind) Amount Project Partners Cash contribution from French GEF 1 000 000€ Contribution from IRD 870 000€ 2iE/EIER-ETSHER GROUP 150 000€ Contribution from Countries 200 000€ Funds required from other donors 717 354€ Total 2 937 354€
An assessment of the total cost of the project was made on the basis of the project objectives and the needs expressed by NHSs during missions conducted in connection with the country consultation visits to the member countries in March and April 2006. The budget, excluding the 1.22 million Euros contribution in kind from the partners, comes to 1.717 354 million Euros for the full implementation of the project activities. The proposed funds to be mobilized include support to the newly created Volta Basin Authority (VBA). The major budget lines have been presented as shown in Table 5 and the detailed budget estimates in Annex 3. In table 5 the total estimated cost of the project is presented in the second column. The in-kind contributions of the project partners are presented in the next three columns (3, 4 and 5). The component of the budget available now, from French GEF (FFEM) is presented in the sixth column. The component of the budget that remains to be solicited as complementary funding is presented in the last column.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 31
(1) (2) (3) (4) Items Estimated Available funds from Funds to be mobilised Budget FFEM 1. Equipments (In cash) € (In cash) € € Purchase of hydrological 307 715 255 000 52 715 equipment Purchase and installation 180 300 140 000 40 300 of DCPs Purchase of hardware 97 400 95 000 2 400 Purchase of software 30 000 30 000 0 Licences/ Local IT 60 000 40 000 20 000 assistance/Internet fees Shipping cost 13 000 10 000 3 000 Subtotal 688 415 570 000 118 415 2. Operation of regional centre
PRC office running costs• 181 038 121 000 60 038 Expert salary 0 0 0 Support to the field activities in the 223 831 90 000 133 831 countries•• Vehicle PRC 20 000 0 20 000 Vehicles (Ghana, Togo) 40 000 0 40 000 Subtotal 464 869 211 000 253 869 3. Training
Training••• 151 070 130 000 21 070 Subtotal 151 070 130 000 21 070 4. Running costs of the
Steering Committee Meetings of the Steering 30 000 11 000 19 000 Committee Subtotal 30 000 11 000 19 000 5. Management costs Contribution to the host 20 000 20 000 0 institution of the PRC Contribution to the 40 000 40 000 0 Executing Agency Subtotal 60 000 60 000 0
Table 5: Volta-HYCOS Project Budget Distribution (continues)
• For details see table A3.3 in Annex III •• For details see table A3.5 in Annex III ••• For details see table A3.4 in Annex III
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 32
(1) (2) (3) (4) Items Estimated Available funds from Funds to be mobilised Budget FFEM 6. Support to VBA (In cash) € (In cash) € € Support to the Secretariat 80 000 0 80 000 staff Consultancy and expert 100 000 0 100 000 services Missions 30 000 0 30 000 Meetings 50 000 0 50 000 Office equipment, 20 000 0 20 000 computers, supply Vehicle 20 000 0 20 000 Subtotal 300 000 0 300 000 7. Evaluation End of the project 8 000 8 000 0 evaluation Subtotal 8 000 8 000 0 8. Miscellaneous and unforeseen Miscellaneous and 15 000 10 000 5 000 unforeseen Subtotal 15 000 10 000 5 000 Total 1 717 354 1 000 000 717 354 Total project Budget 2 937 354
Table 5: Volta-HYCOS Project Budget Distribution (continued)
Out of the available budget of 1.0 million Euros, the cost of the preparatory phase was estimated at 69 000 Euros. The modalities for the award of contract for the purchase of equipment and provision of services will be in accordance with rules generally approved by the donor. The projected use of the FFEM of 1000 000 € grant is broken down into major envelopes as follows:
Equipment 570 000 € Operations of Regional Centre and support to country operations 211 000 € Training 130 000 € Management cost 60 000 € Steering Committee 11 000 € Assessment 8 000 € Miscellaneous 10 000 € Total 1 000 000 €
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 33
VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT AVAILABLE BUDGET (FFEM), 2006
Steering Project Committee Assessment Miscellaneous Management Cost 1,1% 0,8% 1% 6% Equipment Running Cost Training 13% Training Management Cost Steering Committee Project Assessment Miscellaneous
Running Cost Equipment 21,1% 57%
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 34
7. JUSTIFICATION OF FFEM INTERVENTION
7.1 PROJECT BENEFITS TO IWRM The Volta-HYCOS is part of a package of regional hydrological actions to strengthen the hydrological information system in the Volta Basin. The project will provide a tool to participating countries for the better management of the scarce water resources in the basin. This project is a step towards a regional surface water management programme. It will also contribute to the establishment of an institutional and technical framework aimed at providing better knowledge and consequently better management of the resources. The project will assist the participating countries in achieving their Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and ensure sustainable development for poverty alleviation. The project will strengthen and enhance the technical and institutional capacity of the VBA which will in turn strengthen the cooperation among the participating countries for better management of this valuable resource. The viability of the project rests on its capacity to revive the hydrological activities and integrate them better than previously into the socio-economic development of the sub region and management of its natural resources through: • Selection of key stations with real interest to national, regional or international users so that the Volta-HYCOS network meets a demand, even if the latter is not completely structured; • Use of new technologies in real or quasi real-time data acquisition and transmission to improve network management, the availability and quality of hydrological data; • Improvement of data consistency and accessibility through the development of national and regional databanks and a regional data exchange and dissemination system that really allows users to have access to data in good time; • The project gives importance to the development of the capacities of the National Hydrological Services of participating countries, not only in the technical fields but also in the identification of users, understanding of their needs, preparation of required information in the appropriate form and its dissemination to increase their visibility to decision-makers; • Project implementation through a regional structure i.e. the Project Regional Centre, hosted by an existing institution and using as much as possible the sub regional expertise and experience; • Future integration of regional hydrological data with other types of data (environmental, demographic, economic, space use etc.) to provide the region with a basic tool for planning and management of its natural resources. Numerous studies conducted worldwide have shown the economic value of hydrological data. However, the current socio-economic situation of the sub region makes this potential value of information hardly achievable in monetary terms. One should therefore not expect that the establishment of a hydrological information system as intended by the project will become self-financing in the short and middle term and thrive on sound financial bases solely dependent on the market. For such a system to be on its way to ownership at the end of the project by the majority of policy- makers and users in the sub region, continued support by the international community and donors will be required in a number of countries. This adapted support could be based on actual performances of the system and its actual level of ownership by the countries.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 35
7.2 INNOVATIVE ASPECTS AND REPLICABILITY Activities of collection and standardisation of information at a sub regional level will lead to the creation of an enabling institutional and political framework for better surface water management. Instead of building a general framework at hand, a minimal institutional framework will be established and activities undertaken within this framework will help to move towards a more ambitious framework at the political level. Management of information on surface water at the regional level can eventually lead to a regional-level surface water management. The present project intends to implement an authentic hydrological and environmental information system covering the whole basin shared by 6 countries. The communication functionalities of the Internet networks will be extensively used for information gathering and presentation of results. This project should help to demonstrate the interest of such a device to political and technical decision- makers and initiate new dynamics in this domain. This programme can serve as a model to all basin organisations currently in search of a “relevant information sharing system”.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 36
8. JUSTIFICATION FOR COMPLEMENTARY FUNDS FOR THE VOLTA-HYCOS
A good knowledge of the quantity and quality of water in the basin as well as its distribution in space and time is essential for the sustainable management of the process. Shared data and information, which is reliable and timely, provides the cornerstone for understanding the resource, its geographical, seasonal, and annual availability and variability. The institutional framework for the Volta-HYCOS project will create a favourable atmosphere and working conditions through the sharing of information and joint consultations at the technical, professional and institutional levels. This will favour integrated water resources management (IWRM) in the basin. The sharing of data over time builds confidence between neighbouring countries and can prevent conflicts. Important strategic considerations that merit the intervention of donor are: • Water resources data and information is a key pre-condition for effective water resources management; • The availability and variability of the regions water resources is a key consideration in environmental management, especially in the semi-arid conditions experienced in part of the Volta basin and needs to be qualified; • Water resources data and information is a key element for the inter and intra country cooperation on water resources management; • The issues related to floods (forecasting, warning, mitigation) have to be addressed at the sub- regional scale as the river basin is shared by all six countries; • Complete and reliable sub-regional data sets further the development of adaptation strategies to reduce the vulnerability of the sub-region to the adverse effects of climate variability and change; • The Project builds and enhances the capacity of the national Hydrological Services in the Volta basin; • The Project will strengthen the technical capacity of the VBA to implement IWRM programmes. The above information suggests that the long-term, results of the financial and technical assistance would be both positive and substantial. The Project will provide a cornerstone for sub-regional co- operation and for the development and implementation of a comprehensive approach for water resources development and management. Both are key elements in poverty reduction, food security, economic development, social and gender equality, and environmental sustainability.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 37
9. RISKS AND CONDITIONALITIES
9.1 ASSUMPTIONS AT VARIOUS LEVELS The success of the project depends on a number of assumptions including the following major ones: 1) Satellite information transmission systems, especially METEOSAT will be made available for the project, 2) The project Executing Agency is capable of managing amendments to be made to the project, depending on the events and the development of circumstances likely to affect the project, 3) The Executing Agency will develop effective working relationship with the governments of member countries, the NHSs and other partner institutions, 4) It will be possible to pay financial contributions to the NHSs in respect of investments and services produced by them under the project, 5) The NHS officials will be available to take part in the project activities and will make relevant personnel available as and when it becomes necessary, 6) The governments of member countries and their relevant ministerial departments will provide support to their respective NHSs to effectively participate in the project activities, 7) The NHS personnel trained under the project will be maintained at their posts during the project. In default, other employees will be trained early enough to ensure a smooth transition that will not impede the progress of the project.
9.2 RISKS AND FLEXIBILITY ¾ Risk 1: Lack of cooperation between the various National Hydrological Services and the Project Regional Centre in the project definition and implementation. Strategy: The NHSs and the Consortium IRD-2iE/EIER have a long tradition of cooperation. The IRD is at the root of the establishment of the networks of the majority of these countries and training of a lot of the current executive hydrologists. The EIER/ETSHER group has been participating in the training of hydrological technicians and engineers for many of these countries. Possible disputes could easily be handled within the framework of different political and technical organs of the intergovernmental system of the EIER-ETSHER.
¾ Risk 2: The NHS and PRC personnel could be absorbed by tasks other than those defined under the Volta-HYCOS project (national network management, participation in other bilateral or international cooperation projects…), so that they are not available enough to participate in the Volta-HYCOS project activities. Strategy: The project associated with the various participating NHSs is in a position to estimate the workload of their teams in other projects. With regard to the PRC, the project provides for the participation of a permanent technical assistance staff and hiring of consultants to conduct certain activities under the project. For the two participating countries of the Volta-HYCOS programme, Burkina Faso and Ghana, the management of the Volta basin represents more than 60% of the work of the NHSs.
¾ Risk 3: The NHSs may not have the necessary resources to install a substantial number of DCPs in a short time in accordance with the quality standards defined by the project.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 39
Strategy: After the assessment of the existing networks and definition of the work plan, the project will identify the possible problems faced by the NHSs and provide the necessary technical assistance for the installation of the relevant equipment. In addition, the project will draw a chart for the installation and management of the hydrometric stations network, and an appropriate training programme will be conducted. The first phase will start functioning with an optimised data return by using the already existing classical transmission vectors in the country.
¾ Risk 4: The necessary resources will not be immediately available to replace equipment deteriorated through vandalism or natural causes such as floods. Strategy: The project description provides for the provision of spare parts, and the budget includes a provision for unforeseen expenses. Provision has also been made for the installation of less vulnerable equipment.
¾ Risk 5: Overlapping with other projects or involvement of the stakeholders in other projects could affect the project visibility and compromise its efficiency. Strategy: The assignment of the functions of coordinator to the PRC, which is already seriously involved in numerous research and development programmes in the sub region, appears like a guarantee for the harmonisation of actions for the promotion of a relevant hydrological information system. Moreover, this action should be conformed to the orientations defined at the regional level by the IWRM programmes.
¾ Risk 6: Reluctance to data and information sharing. Strategy: The acceptance of the principle of free access to data for scientific and academic purposes to information collected under HYCOS projects is a prerequisite for participation. These aspects have been extensively discussed at various representative levels of the WMO (Congress, Executive Council, International Consultative Group of the WHYCOS programme (WIAG) leading to the adoption of specific resolutions regarding free and unconditional exchange of meteorological information (Resolution 25, Cg XIII). Besides, collaborations with other hydrological data sharing processes, such as the FRIEND-AOC network implemented under the auspices of UNESCO IHP, will be solicited. It is interesting to note that the programme proposes, as priority, information on the trend of water resources; and under no circumstances should it be perceived as a distributor of basic hydrological data.
9.3 REGIONAL COOPERATION POLICY It has already been mentioned that four of the six partner countries to the project have a long experience of regional cooperation under the ABN activities, particularly the HYDRONIGER project. In addition, the National Hydrological Services are associated with the project and its monitoring through the Regional Steering Committee. In order to ensure good conditions for the project implementation, particularly in the area of provision of information, agreements have been signed between the partners and the WMO.
9.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION The Volta-HYCOS project is an integrated project for the evaluation and management of water resources of the Volta River and its environment from the viewpoint of water quantity and quality. This global approach at the basin level will lead to a better understanding of the environmental factors that can lead to degradation of the resource, so that solutions can be found to this problem.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 40
9.5 SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS AND GENDER ISSUES It has been indicated in paragraph 3.4 that 40% of the population of the major partners would directly benefit from the outcome of the project. This is particularly true with regard to the development and management of irrigated areas, management of fish resources and management of art works. Some of these aspects particularly concern women, who are often responsible for food crop production in these regions.
9.6 INSTITUTIONAL AND MANAGERIAL CAPACITY The IRD is at the root of the design and operation of the hydrological network of 5 of the 6 countries of the programme. The IRD has been present and operating in this region for 50 years now. In the current operation, the IRD provides for the programme competent personnel in the fields of operational hydrology, observatory management and automated data management. Established 33 years ago, the IRD has become an Inter-African Expertise Centre involved in development services in 14 West and Central African countries in the areas of water as well as rural and urban infrastructure. The 2iE/EIER-ETSHER has a permanent managerial staff specialised in the areas of hydrology, water management, irrigation and in information technology, besides the 150 engineering students and trainees undergoing initial and post-graduate training that can be mobilised on projects associated with the Volta-HYCOS programme.
9.7 PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY Various experiments conducted in developing countries have shown that it is difficult to ensure long- term sustainability of development projects. In the field of water resources, numerous projects have been implemented but have generally registered modest performance with regard to project sustainability. Several reasons can be adduced for this, especially the departure of personnel having enjoyed training under the project, the fact that governments may have other priority areas of funding, ministerial reshuffling, lack of equipment and spare parts at the end of the project etc. The risks that can impinge on the implementation and sustainability of the Volta-HYCOS project and possible solutions have been outlined. Basically, a project is likely to be sustainable if it responds to needs clearly identified by governments and partner institutions, and if the cost of the project is low as compared to its long term benefits. The project has been designed in response to the identified needs of the various countries and potential beneficiaries in comparison to the required investments. A financial analysis of the project outcome has not yet been made due to unavailability of objective information. However, for other similar projects, this analysis has been conducted and produced a cost/benefit ratio of 1/6. Other similar projects have been implemented or are under way (SADC-HYCOS, NIGER-HYCOS, GHENIS, MED-HYCOS, IGAD-HYCOS, etc.). This demonstrates the increasing concern of governments about water resources-related problems, especially extraordinary events such as devastating floods and droughts. This also shows that projects such as the Volta-HYCOS, advocating an integrated approach for a whole transboundary basin, are certainly more relevant for water resources evaluation and management than in-country sectorial approaches. The involvement of a permanent regional institution (EIER-ETSHER) recognised by all the partner countries and the fact that one of the main objectives of the project is to inject enthusiasm into the participation of NHSs and improve their technical capacities in terms of data acquisition and processing, development of hydrological products for decision-makers and users, so that they can pursue these activities as usual with maximum chance of success under a basin organisation after the expiry of the financing period, are positive factors for the project sustainability.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 41
10. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
10.1 MONITORING The progress of the project will be monitored by the Executing Agency (WMO), which will prepare – on the basis of quarterly reports received from the project coordinator, missions to the PRC and participating countries – an annual report that will be submitted to the Project Steering Committee for review during its annual meeting. These reports will discuss the technical, financial and administrative aspects of the project and will be based on monitoring indicators to be defined and accepted by all the parties during the initial phase of the project. These reports will give account of the problems encountered in all areas that are capable of impeding the smooth implementation of the project and will also indicate solutions provided or envisaged to remedy these situations. These reports will be circulated to all the countries and partners. They should go beyond a simple factual progress report by presenting the progress made and difficulties encountered in all aspects of the project. The programme of actions to be conducted under the project includes a list of performance indicators and verification tools. A projected Table for the achievement of the project objectives will be established to help in monitoring the project. The extent of achievement of the project objectives will be assessed by the Project Steering Committee, during its annual meeting, based on the reports submitted to it.
10.2 EVALUATION A mid-term evaluation will be conducted midway through the project implementation by an independent expert. A mission will be conducted at the PRC and in some of the participating countries. The evaluation report will be forwarded to the Regional Steering Committee, the Supervising Agency and the donor. Upon completion of the project an independent expert will carry out a final evaluation.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document 43
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document
ANNEX 1
ACTIVITY PROGRAM
ANNEX 1
DETAILED PROGRAM OF ACTIVITIES
VERIFIABLE INDICATOR MEANS OF TASKS ASSUMPTIONS VERIFICATION
COMPONENT 1: ENHANCEMENT OF THE NETWORK OF HYDROGRAPHIC STATIONS 1.1 Conduct country consultation visits to assess the Mission reports Country visits and Directors of NHSs needs for field and office equipment, hydrological interviews with directors would be available products, siting of gauging stations and training of of NHSs personnel. 1.2 Location map of stations, specifying their exact Location maps of the stations at the Dissemination to the Information on the positions and regional distribution of stations regional and national levels officials of the NHSs stations would be made indicating tele-transmission or not readily available 1.3 Definition of the equipment for each station and list Visit to PRC and NHSs Access to stations and The complete list of existing and of the actions to be undertaken. The work is to be information on stations proposed equipment is developed, done in collaboration with the national officials. would be granted by the including the means of communication NHSs 1.4 Definition of the additional field observation The complete list of required Visit to PRC and NHSs NHSS provide equipment to be purchased for PRC and NHSs. The equipment is developed, information about their work is to be done in collaboration with the national requirements officials. 1.5 Study of the files of the stations retained for the Staff of the NHSs are program. Gathering of the previous data, including The field portfolio is made with interested in the activity original flow and other measurements at the station. information for the Volta-HYCOS Field verification visits Constitution of the field portfolio containing the stations. useful information before the first field trip. 1.6 Development of the specifications for materials to be Delivery order from Steering Committee Specifications and bidding documents ordered and calls for bids. manufacturers would approve the plans available and budget
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 1 47 VERIFIABLE INDICATOR MEANS OF TASKS ASSUMPTIONS VERIFICATION
1.7 Training of staff of NHSs on general hydrology Staff to be trained have (topographic survey, flow measurements, rating the necessary Number of training sessions organized Evaluation report by the curve) and the installation, maintenance and the background to undergo and number of participants NHS management of hydrometric stations and gauging training equipment (Modules No1-4) 1.8 First field trips by the various countries to commence The old gauge readings are collected Returns of data collected The NHSs have the the installation at the stations. Levelling and and the first round of gauge readings and arrangements for logistic means to installation of staff gauges and recruitment of gauge are scheduled to arrive by mail every posting subsequent data undertake trips readers. Conduct low flow measurements with month. First flow measurement available materials. activities undertake and the rating curves updated. 1.9 Installation of equipment and operation of stations Number of stations installed and fully Country inspection visits Cooperation of the NHSs operational would be enjoyed 1.10 Definition of details on data routing from the station The NHSs would depending on the associated use and the periods and Regular transmission of data to the Consult Volta-HYCOS cooperate development of data routing means using classical PRC Website transmission modes. 1.11 Definition of procedures for data transmission and The NHSs would be receipt in the light of stations’ settings and interested in the new Validation of procedures by the NHS Discussions with the NHS requirements, recent technological developments, mode of data particularly the Internet. transmission 1.12 Execution of low flow and flood flow measurements Availability of recent data on low Station files of Volta- Staff of NHSs would be at all the stations. flows and flood flows HYCOS stations available for the exercise
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 1 48 DETAILED ACTIVITY PROGRAM – ANNEX 1 (Cont’d)
VERIFIABLE MEANS OF TASKS ASSUMPTIONS INDICATOR VERIFICATION
COMPONENT 2: DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL HYDROLOGICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM 2.1 Revision of the structure and data base management Regional and national data Country visits and meetings They countries will agree to system available in NHSs and definition of the bases fully operational. with the staff of NHS provide historical data in specifications so as to achieve the stated objectives. addition to real time data. 2.2 Reinforcement of the computer equipment of the PRC Upgraded computer systems. County visits and meetings Dedicated office and NHS, installation of appropriate data with staff of NHSs accommodation is available management software 2.3 Review of the regional data base and development of Agreements on data exchange Copy of the agreements The countries will agree to protocols for data exchange between the NHS and provided to the Supervising provide historical data in PRC and other data collectors and repositories Agency and/or executing addition to real time data. agency 2.4 Development and introduction of procedures relating Document validated by the Periodic evaluation of the Staff of NHSs are committed to data quality control and archiving parties defining procedures procedures to data quality control and archiving 2.5 Transfer of the existing data in the regional data base Regional and national data Visit in the countries, The countries will agree to and in national bases, including maps and digital bases are supplied inventories of data base provide historical data in cartographic bases. contents addition to real time data 2.6 Develop standard procedures for data analysis and Document validated by Evaluation of publications The partner countries are publications and agreements on public access to data parties defining procedures and number of hits on the interested in the data analyses and information Web site and publications. The parties agree to share data and information in agreement with WMO Res 40 and 25 2.7 Training of staff in maintenance and data base Number of staff trained per Discussions with the NHS The staff to be trained would management (PRC, on site training in each NHS). country and evaluation of officials and trainees have adequate basic training their performances
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 1 49 DETAILED ACTIVITY PROGRAM – ANNEX 1 (Cont’d)
VERIFIABLE MEANS OF TASKS ASSUMPTIONS INDICATOR VERIFICATION
COMPONENT 3: IDENTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROLOGICAL PRODUCTS OF REGIONAL INTEREST
3.1 Establishment of the Volta-HYCOS Web site and About 21 major stations are Web site is operational The countries will agree to update of the stations with available data, including updated on a daily basis out of provide historical data in real time data from the stations and historical data. a total of 54 stations addition to real time data. Stations are upgraded and the communication system is set up and operational 3.2 Identification of the other requirements for Report on the needs Dissemination of the report Users cooperate with Volta- hydrological information products for the countries of established to the officials of the NHS HYCOS in identifying their the Volta River Basin. and to the Supervising needs for hydrological Agency and other end users. products 3.3 Development of the information products to meet the Products are regularly Use of products by target Data flow for product requirements of end users released audience development is ensured by previous project achievements 3.4 Identification and development of the ways .for Bulletins and newsletters are Response of water resources disseminating information and data produced and disseminated information user community. 3.5 Agreements for the transfer and adaptation of tools A useful set of tools for data Response of water resources and products developed under the framework of other presentation and products for information user community. HYCOS projects. decision-making are available. 3.6 Training of the staff concerned in the use of new tools Clearly demonstrated ability Level of satisfaction of the The staff to be trained will and products. of the staff concerned to user community. have an appropriate education develop the hydrological background (university level products required). 3.7 National workshops for transferring / adapting the NHSs are capable of re- Level of satisfaction of the The staff to be trained will new technologies to NHSs producing at national level the user community. have an appropriate education information products background (university level required), The NHSs have the equipment and the access to the basic data for developing the products
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 1 50 VERIFIABLE MEANS OF TASKS ASSUMPTIONS INDICATOR VERIFICATION
COMPONENT 4: ADDITIONAL TRAINING AND SENSITIZATION
4.1 Additional training depending on needs expressed, as Improved performance of Review of the outputs of the Funds would be found for the a complement to training planned under components staff in the activities carried NHSs. activity 1, 2, and 3 above. out by the NHSs and quality of their products 4.2 To promote sensitization activities for water Number of seminars Discussions with officials of Funds would be found for the agencies, decision makers, governmental Authorities organized, brochures water agencies, decisions activity and general public also through the organization of published on the role and makers and general public. regional and national workshops to promote the services of the NHS. project products and collect users feedback 5 PROJECT EVALUATION
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 1 51 ANNEX 1: DETAILED PROGRAMME OF ACTIVITIES AND THEIR DURATION
COMPONENT ACTIVITIES Period)
1.1 Conduct country consultation visits to assess the needs for field and office equipment, hydrological products, Months 3-4 siting of stations and training of personnel. 1.2 Develop location maps of the stations, specifying their exact location and regional distribution of stations Months 5, 7 & 8 tele-transmitted or not.
1.3 Definition of equipment for each station and list of the works and actions to be undertaken. This work would be done in collaboration with the national officials. Months 5, 7& 8 1.4 Definition of the additional field observation equipment to be purchased for PRC and NHSs. The work is to Months 7 & 8 be done in collaboration with the national officials.
1.5 Exploitation of files of the stations selected for the program. Collection and collation of existing data, Months 11 and originals of flow measurements and development of field portfolio containing the useful information before 12 COMPONENT 1: the first field trip. ENHANCEMENT OF 1.6 Develop the material specifications for the equipment to be supplied and forward to WMO for the bidding Month 10 NETWORK OF process. HYDROMETRIC STATIONS 1.7 Training of staff of NHSs on general hydrometry (topographic survey, flow measurements, rating curve) and Months 12-16 the installation, maintenance and the management of hydrometric stations (Modules No1-4) 1.8 First field trips by the various countries to commence the installation and rehabilitation of the stations. Leveling and installation of staff gauges and recruitment of gauge readers. Conduct low flow measurements Months 14-15 with the available materials.
1.9 Installation of equipment and operation of stations. Rehabilitation of existing stations according to the needs Months 15-18 1.10 Definition of details on data routing from the station depending on the associated use and the periods and development of data routing means using classical transmission modes. Months 11-12 1.11 Definition of procedures for data transmission and receipt in the light of recent technological developments, particularly the Internet. Month 12 1.12 Execution of low flow and flood flow measurements at all the stations Months 13-36
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 1 52 2.1 Revision of the structure and data base management system and definition of the specifications so as to Months 6-10 achieve the stated objectives.
2.2 Reinforcement of computer equipment of PRC and NHS, installation of appropriate data management Months 6, 15-16 COMPONENT 2: software DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL 2.3 Review of the regional data base and development of protocols for data exchange between the NHS and PRC Months 16-18 HYDROLOGICAL 2.4 Development and introduction of the procedures relating to control of quality of data and their archiving Months 18-20 INFORMATION Months 17-20 SYSTEM 2.5 Transfer of data on the basis of the existing data in the regional and in national date bases, including maps and digital cartographic bases. 2.6 Develop standard procedures of data analysis and publications Months 21-24 2.7 Training of staff in the maintenance and the management of databases (training of two weeks at the PRC, then site training in each NHS). Months 17-20
3.1 Establishment of the Volta-HYCOS Web site and update of the stations with available data, including real Months 17-20 COMPONENT 3: time data from the stations. IDENTIFICATION Months 3-4, 3.2 Definition of other needs in terms of hydrological products for countries of the Volta River Basin. AND Months 23-24 DEVELOPMENT OF 3.3 Development of the information products meeting the requirements of end users Months 13-36 HYDROLOGICAL 3.4 Identification and development of the ways for disseminating information and data Months 21-24 PRODUCTS OF 3.5 Agreements for transfer and adaptation of tools and products developed under the framework of other Months 25-26 REGIONAL HYCOS projects. INTEREST 3.6 Training of staff concerned in use of the new tools and products developed in the frame work of the project Months 27-28 3.7 National workshops for transferring / adapting the to NHSs Months 28-29
4.1 Additional training on the basis of the needs expressed, in addition to the training sessions planned under COMPONENT 4: components 1, 2, and 3 above (Modules No 5, 6, 8, 10 and 11) Months 30-31 ADDITIONAL TRAINING AND 4.2 To promote sensitization activities for water agencies, decision makers, governmental authorities and the SENSITIZATION general public. Months 9-36
PROJECT 5 Project evaluation Months 34-35 EVALUATION
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 1 53 ANNEX 1: ACTIVITY WORK SCHEDULE
No. OF ACTIVI PLANNING OF VOLTA –HYCOS PROJECT ACTIVITIES TY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 4 0 INITIAL PHASE 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7
4.1 4.2 5
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 1 54 Volta-HYCOS – Project Document
ANNEX 2
TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE PROJECT REGIONAL CENTRE (PRC)
TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE PROJECT REGIONAL CENTRE (PRC)
The Project Regional Centre (PRC) is the structure in charge of the project implementation. It will be the focal point for the coordination of the project activities implemented in and by the participating countries. It shall promote regional cooperation with respect to the assessment, monitoring and management of water resources and constitutes a centre for the exchange of expertise and competences. The Execution Agency will set up the Project Management Unit to assist the PRC in performing the tasks as defined in its schedule. Its specific functions consist of dissemination of information, coordination of the monitoring of the hydrometric network, the conduct of training activities and the provision of assistance to the member countries. More specifically, the functions of the PRC will include the following activities: ¾ To act as focal point for coordinating the project activities carried out in, and by, participating countries in collaboration with the Volta Basin Authority (VBA); ¾ To define and adopt, in consultation with the member countries, the configuration of the reference hydrometric stations and their instrumentation, based on the objectives assigned to each station (for example, whether or not to tele-transmit data from a station), ¾ To define, in collaboration with the manufacturers or a specialised consultant, the installation standards of the Data Collection Platforms (DCPs) and organise training seminars adapted to the management and maintenance of these observation networks, ¾ To provide the necessary support to the NHSs for field installation and maintenance of the networks, ¾ To manage the network of DCP stations and transmit data to participating countries which do not have direct access to satellite transmission systems; ¾ To coordinate the establishment of a regional data base, disseminated and/or centralised, and to provide assistance, if necessary, for the development of national data bases taking into account tools already developed under other HYCOS projects, ¾ To coordinate the establishment of a regional computer network for dissemination of data to partner countries, especially through the Internet, ¾ To develop hydrological information products adapted to countries’ needs and appropriate means for delivering them to end users ¾ To ensure the development and maintenance of the Volta-HYCOS Project Internet Web site and its promotion to users, ¾ To provide the necessary support for research activities, especially on-going programmes within the Volta Basin, ¾ Ensure the synergies with other projects taking place within the sub-region in particular with Niger-HYCOS, ¾ To encourage, in collaboration with the VBA regional cooperation in water resources assessment, monitoring and management ¾ To act as a forum for sharing expertise and skills ¾ To undertake continuous assessment and establish training programmes to improve the efficiency of the national institutions. Particular attention will be given to the following aspects: - Maintenance of basic installations and the DCPs, - Data quality control, - Data processing, - Data base management, - Internet technologies, - Development of hydrological products of national and regional interest.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 2 57
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document
ANNEX 3
ESTIMATED BUDGET
VOLTA-HYCOS BUDGET This Annex presents the details of the overall budget required for the full implementation of the Volta- HYCOS project activities as per countries needs. It focuses on the secured external financial contribution of 1,000,000 Euros from FFEM while another 717,354.00 Euros need to be secured from other sources to complete the project objectives including strengthening the Volta Basin Authority. From the need analysis carried out during the country consultation visits, the cost of the hydrological equipment required by the six participating countries is much higher than the amount proposed in the budget in March 2005. The estimated running cost for the hydrological monitoring in the participating countries, including purchase of vehicles for transportation, is also high with respect to the budgetary allocation made in March 2005 at the Volta-HYCOS planning meeting. All countries expressed interest to see a stronger role given to the Volta Basin Authority (VBA) in the project implementation process and requested all partners to strengthen the newly established institution. In this respect an additional funding will be solicited to support Volta-HYCOS project activities. This additional fund will cover mainly country request in the following area: 1. Extra Hydrological and Transmission equipments. 2. Purchase of vehicles to PRC and some countries to improve the transport situation and to facilitate the fieldwork. 3. More financial support to countries to ensure successful implementation of field activities. 4. Support to the newly established Volta Basin Authority (VBA). The financial contributions from IRD, 2iE and the member countries are all in kind, covering salaries of seconded experts and national staff, training facilities and administrative cost to support the project implementation process. The first part of the Annex (table A 3.1) presents the overall budget. This is followed by part II (table A 3.2) which presents the budget for the equipment, both for the PRC and participating countries. Part III presents the PRC budget (table A 3.3), part IV presents the training budget (table A 3.4) and part V presents the budget for supporting the cost of the project activities in participating countries (table A 3.5).
1. SUMMARY OF PART (I) – VOLTA – HYCOS OVERALL BUDGET
Table A 3.1 presents the overall budget for the Volta-HYCOS project. The second column of the table gives the estimated cost according to countries needs, which were expressed during the country consultations. The third, fourth and fifth columns gives 2iE, IRD and countries’ contributions in kind respectively. The sixth column gives the portion of the budget that is already available in cash from FFEM. The last column gives the amount yet to be mobilised. The same format has been adopted for the tables presenting the budget for the countries as well as the PRC, but excluding the contribution in kind.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 61 1. PART (I) - OVERALL BUDGET SUMMARY
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Items Estimated Contribution Contribution Contribution Available Funds to be Budget by 2iE by IRD by countries funds from mobilised FFEM 1. Equipments (In cash) € (In kind) € (In kind) € (In kind) € (In cash) € € Purchase of hydrological 307 715 0 0 0 255 000 52 715 equipment Purchase and 180 300 0 0 0 140 000 40 300 installation of DCPs Purchase of 97 400 0 0 0 95 000 2 400 hardware Purchase of 30 000 0 0 0 30 000 0 software Licences/ Local IT assistance/Internet 60 000 0 0 0 40 000 20 000 fees Shipping cost 13 000 0 0 0 10 000 3 000 Subtotal 688 415 0 0 0 570 000 118 415 2. Operation of
regional centre PRC office running 181 038 100 000 0 0 121 000 60 038 costs• Expert salary 0 0 828 000 0 0 0 Support to the field activities in the 223 831 0 0 200 000 90 000 133 831 •• countries Vehicle PRC 20 000 0 0 0 0 20 000 Vehicles (Ghana, 40 000 0 0 0 0 40 000 Togo) Subtotal 464 869 100 000 828 000 200 000 211 000 253 869 3. Training Training••• 151 070 50 000 42 000 0 130 000 21 070 Subtotal 151 070 50 000 42 000 0 130 000 21 070 4. Running costs of the Steering Committee Meetings of the Steering 30 000 0 0 0 11 000 19 000 Committee Subtotal 30 000 0 0 0 11 000 19 000 5. Management
costs Contribution to the host institution of 20 000 0 0 0 20 000 0 the PRC Contribution to the 40 000 0 0 0 40 000 0 Executing Agency Subtotal 60 000 0 0 0 60 000 0
Table A 3.1: Overall Budget for Volta-HYCOS Project (continues)
• For details see table A3.3 •• For details see table A3.5 ••• For details see table A3.4
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 62 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Items Estimated Contribution Contribution Contribution Available Funds to Budget by 2iE by IRD by countries funds from be FFEM mobilised 6. Support to VBA (In cash) € (In kind) € (In kind) € (In kind) € (In cash) € € Support to the 80 000 0 0 0 0 80 000 Secretariat staff Consultancy and 100 000 0 0 0 0 100 000 expert services Missions 30 000 0 0 0 0 30 000 Meetings 50 000 0 0 0 0 50 000 Office equipment, 20 000 0 0 0 0 20 000 computers, supply Vehicle 20 000 0 0 0 0 20 000 Subtotal 300 000 0 0 0 0 300 000 7. Evaluation End of the project 8 000 0 0 0 8 000 0 evaluation Subtotal 8 000 0 0 0 8 000 0 8. Miscellaneous and unforeseen Miscellaneous and 15 000 0 0 0 10 000 5 000 unforeseen Subtotal 15 000 0 0 0 10 000 5 000 Total per partners 1 717 354 150 000 870 000 200 000 1 000 000 717 354 Total project 2 937 354 Budget
Table A 3.1: Overall Budget for Volta-HYCOS Project (continued)
2. PART (II) – BUDGET FOR EQUIPMENT
Table A 3.2 presents the budget for the equipment required both for the PRC and the countries. It is divided into two sub-tables, the first (Table A 3.2.a) based on the country needs, while the second (Table A 3.2.b) is based on the budget available in cash from FFEM.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 63 TABLE A 3.2.a – COUNTRY NEEDS
Unit Cost. Quantity / country Total Cost Items € PRC Benin Burkina C.I. Ghana Mali Togo Total € Number of hydrometric stations 3 24 3 16 3 11 60 Hydrological equipment Staff Gauges 46 15 75 15 55 10 45 215 9 890 Supports 15 5 30 10 20 10 30 105 1 575 Current meters (C31 complete) 12 500 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 37 500 Current meter parts C31 - Axes (body) 600 0 1 1 600 - Propeller (bronze) 1 300 3 2 5 6 500 - Propeller (plastic) 200 0 0 0 0 -Winch 4 500 1 1 1 3 13 500 - Wading rods 1 800 2 1 3 5 400 - Weight 1 500 0 1 1 1 500 Micro-current meter 2 500 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 5 000 Current meter Counters 600 2 8 2 8 2 2 24 14 400 Boats 4 000 1 3 1 2 0 1 8 32 000 Out board Motor 2 000 1 2 1 2 1 1 8 16 000 ADCP 30 000 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 90 000 Levelling Instrument 1 500 0 2 1 2 1 1 7 10 500 GPS 450 1 4 1 4 1 2 13 5850 Total cost of Hydrological equipment - 12 915 € 71 500 € 24 990 € 65 430 € 18 260 € 57 120 € 250 215 € Water quality measuring equipment Multiple probe (T°, pH, conductivity, DO, ) 1 500 1 4 1 4 1 2 13 19 500 Turbidity meter 1 500 1 4 1 4 1 2 13 19 500 Total cost of water quality measuring equipment - 3 000 € 12 000 € 3 000 € 12 000 € 3 000 € 6 000 € 39 000 € Rain gauges Automatic rain gauges 800 1 4 1 4 1 2 13 10 400 Ordinary rain gauges 300 2 9 2 8 1 5 27 8 100 Total cost of rain gauges - 1 400 € 5 900 € 1 400 € 5 600 € 1 100 € 3 100 € 18 500 € Total cost of hydrological equipment - 17 315 € 89 400 € 29 390 € 83 030 € 22 360 € 66 220 € 307 715 € continues
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 64 continued Equipment for recording and transmission (DCPs) PRC Benin Burkina C.I. Ghana Mali Togo Total Cost DCP without tele-transmission system 1 500 1 14 2 4 0 4 25 37 500 DCP with Meteosat tele-transmission system 6 000 1 6 1 9 1 2 20 120 000 GSM Telephone 300 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 300 Station with radio tele-transmission 2 500 0 2 0 0 1 0 3 7 500 Installation 300 2 22 3 14 2 7 50 15 000 Total Cost DCPs - 8 100 € 68 600 € 9 900 € 64 500 € 9 100 € 20 100 € 180 300 € Computer Equipment - Hardware Data base Servers 4 000 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 12 000 Server FTP and Web 4 000 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 8 000 Desktop computers 1 500 2 1 5 2 5 1 3 19 28 500 Laptop computer 1 800 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 15 27 000 PDA 500 0 1 4 1 4 1 2 13 6 500 Accessories (USB pen drives) 100 0 1 4 1 4 1 2 13 1 300 Printer 450 0 1 4 1 4 1 2 13 5 850 UPS 200 2 1 5 2 5 1 3 19 3 800 Coloured printer 800 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 4 3 200 Multifunction printer (fax, scanner, etc.) 200 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 200 Accessories for PRC (digital camera, USB pen drives and hob) 1 050 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 050 Total Cost of Computer Hardware 13 050 € 4 550 € 20 700 € 6 250 € 28 700 € 4 550 € 19 600 € 97 400 € Computer Equipment – Software Hydrological database software 10 000 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 30 000 Total Cost of Software 10 000 € - - - 10 000 € - 10 000 € 30 000 € Computer and Internet Assistance Maintenance of computers (1000 € / yr for 2 yrs) 3 000 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 18 000 Special line for Internet (installation and subscription) 11 000 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 22 000 Internet subscription (regional offices) 50 €/month for 2 yrs 1 800 0 4 1 3 1 1 10 18 000 Network Installation 1 000 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 2 000 Total Maintenance Cost and Internet assistance - 3 000 € 10 200 € 4 800 € 20 400 € 4 800 € 16 800 € 60 000 € Shipping Cost 13 000 € Total Cost of Equipment 688 415 €
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 65 TABLE A 3.2.b – AVAILABLE FUNDS
Unit Cost. Quantity / country Total Cost Item € PRC Benin Burkina C.I. Ghana Mali Togo Total € Number of hydrometric stations 3 24 3 16 3 11 60 Hydrological equipment Staff Gauges 46 15 70 15 50 10 45 205 9 430 Supports 15 10 30 7 20 5 20 92 1 380 Current meters (C31 complete) 12 500 0 0 1 0 1 1 3 37 500 Current meter parts C31 - Axes (body) 590 0 1 1 590 - Propeller (bronze) 1 300 3 2 5 6 500 - Propeller (plastic) 200 0 0 0 0 -Winch 4 500 1 1 1 3 13 500 - Wading rods 1 800 2 1 3 5 400 - Weight 1 500 0 1 1 1 500 Micro-current meter 2 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Current meter Counters 600 1 4 1 4 1 1 12 7 200 Boats 4 000 1 2 1 2 0 1 7 28 000 Out board Motor 2 000 1 2 1 2 1 1 8 16 000 ADCP 30 000 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 60 000 Levelling Instrument 1 500 0 2 1 2 1 1 7 10 500 GPS 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total cost of Hydrological equipment - 11 940 € 63 070 € 21 395 € 60 990 € 17 135 € 22 970 € 197 500 € Water quality measuring equipment Multiple probe (T°, pH, conductivity, DO, ) 1 500 1 4 1 4 1 2 13 19 500 Turbidity meter 1 500 1 4 1 4 1 2 13 19 500 Total cost of water quality measuring equipment - 3 000 € 12 000 € 3 000 € 12 000 € 3 000 € 6 000 € 39 000 € Rain gauges Automatic rain gauges 800 1 4 1 4 1 2 13 10 400 Ordinary rain gauges 300 2 9 2 8 1 5 27 8 100 Total cost of rain gauges - 1 400 € 5 900 € 1 400 € 5 600 € 1 100 € 3 100 € 18 500 € Total cost of hydrological equipment - 16 340 € 80 970 € 25 795 € 78 590 € 21 235 € 32 070 € 255 000 €
continues
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 66 continued Equipment for recording and transmission (DCPs) PRC Benin Burkina C.I. Ghana Mali Togo Total Cost DCP without tele-transmission system 1 500 1 8 1 5 0 3 18 27 000 DCP with Meteosat tele-transmission system 6 000 1 5 1 6 1 2 16 96 000 GSM Telephone 300 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 300 Station with radio tele-transmission 2 500 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 5 000 Installation 300 2 15 2 12 1 7 39 11 700 Total Cost DCPs - 8 100 € 51 500 € 8 100 € 47 400 € 6 300 € 18 600 € 140 000 € Computer Equipment - Hardware Data base Servers 4 000 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 12 000 Server FTP and Web 4 000 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 8 000 Desktop computers 1 500 2 1 5 2 5 1 3 19 28 500 Laptop computer 1 800 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 15 27 000 PDA 500 0 1 4 1 4 1 2 13 6 500 Accessories (USB pen drives) 100 0 1 4 1 4 1 2 13 1 300 Printer 450 0 1 4 1 4 1 2 13 5 850 UPS 200 2 1 5 2 5 1 3 19 3 800 Coloured printer 800 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 800 Multifunction printer (fax, scanner, etc.) 200 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 200 Accessories for PRC (digital camera, USB pen drives and hob) 1 050 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 050 Total Cost of Computer Hardware 13 050 € 4 550 € 19 900 € 6 250 € 27 900 € 4 550 € 18 800 € 95 000 € Computer Equipment – Software Hydrological database software 10 000 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 30 000 Total Cost of Software 10 000 € - - - 10 000 € - 10 000 € 30 000 € Computer and Internet Assistance Maintenance of computers (1000 € / yr for 2 yrs) 2 000 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 12 000 Special line for Internet (installation and subscription) 9 000 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 18 000 Internet subscription (regional offices) 50 €/month for 2 yrs 1 000 0 4 1 3 1 1 10 10 000 Network Installation 1 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total Maintenance Cost and Internet assistance - 2 000 € 6 000 € 3 000 € 14 000 € 3 000 € 12 000 € 40 000 € Shipping Cost 10 000 € Total Cost of Equipment 570 000 €
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 67 3. PART (III) – BUDGET OF THE PRC
Table A 3.3 presents the budget required for the operation of the PRC for Volta-HYCOS project excluding salaries of seconded experts (in kind). It is divided into two sections; the first section is for the running cost while the second section is for the equipment needed. The second column in the two sections gives the estimated cost. The third column gives the portion of the budget that is already available in cash from FFEM. The last column gives the amount yet to be mobilised.
Estimated Available Funds Funds Running Cost Budget from FFEM to be mobilised € € €
Personnel 14 100 760 13 340 Project Coordinator salary 72 000 72 000 - Telephone 10 800 2 560 8 240 Office Supplies and Consumables 7 938 4 030 3 908 Computer and office maintenance 4 500 1 850 2 650 Communication 7 200 3 560 3 640 Cost of missions 54 500 31 170 23 330 Vehicle Running Cost 10 000 5 070 4 930
Subtotal for Running Cost 181 038 € 121 000 € 60 038 €
Equipment
Computer Equipment 13 050 13 050 - Software 10 000 10 000 - Licenses/Local IT assistance/Internet fees - - - Shipment costs 13 000 10 000 3 000
Subtotal for Equipment 36 050 € 33 050 € 3 000 €
New Vehicle 20 000 € - 20 000 €
Grand Total 237 088 € 154 050 € 83 038 €
Table A 3.3: Budget for Project Regional Centre (PRC)
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 68 4. PART (IV) – TRAINING BUDGET
The training modules have been designed taking into consideration the modules being run by Niger- HYCOS project so as to ensure synergies between the two projects. The 11 modules have been regrouped into 7 by themes to ensure efficiency in the use of the available resources. Two supplementary training modules on modeling and flood forecasting (module No.8) and the use of satellite based data in water resources planning and management (module No.9) have been designed to satisfy the interest of users of hydrological models for flood forecasting and flow estimates into reservoirs and for water resources managers. These two training modules are not covered by the available funds and would only be organized if additional funds can be mobilized. The training budget covers the cost of training the national trainers, the cost of training equipment as well as the cost of the training in the individual partner countries. The project technical partners (IRD) will carry out some of the training sessions while local/Regional consultants assisted by the PMU would cover the remaining sessions. Table A 3.4 presents the budget required for the Training programme for Volta-HYCOS project. It is divided into two sections, the first section for Training of Trainers and the second section for Training in the countries. The second column in the two sections gives the estimated cost. The third column gives the portion of the budget that is already available in cash from FFEM. The last column gives the amount yet to be mobilised. Estimated Available Funds from Funds Budget (for 7 modules FFEM (for 7 modules to be Training of Trainers Officer 7 days each) 7 days each) mobilised € € € Per diems for training Officer 4 200 4 200 - Travel cost of Training Officer 2 800 2 800 - Teaching Cost 6 300 6 300 - Contingencies 2 800 2 800 - Trainees Per diems (6 trainees / 7 days) 20 580 20 580 - Travel cost of trainees 10 500 10 500 - Supplementary training Module on modeling and flood 6 000 - 6 000 forecasting Module on the use of satellite based data for water resources planning 8 000 - 8 000 and management General Training Equipment Hydrological Equipment 11 500 4 430 7 070 Video-projector 3 000 3 000 - Subtotal 75 680 € 54 610 € 21 070 € Training Cost in the countries Organiser 5 880 5 880 - Assistant 4 410 4 410 - Cost of Hiring classroom 8 400 8 400 - Cost of hiring Vehicle 25 200 25 200 - Per diems for field visits 12 600 12 600 - Hiring of Video projector 8 400 8 400 - Cost of printing documents 10 500 10 500 - Subtotal 75 390 € 75 390 € - Total Training Cost 151 070 € 130 000 € 21 070 €
Table A 3.4: Training Budget
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 69 5. PART (V) – SUPPORT TO PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES
The results of the country consultation visits were used, among other factors, to review and evaluate the needs of the participating countries in terms of field (hydrological) and office equipment essential for the smooth operation of the National Hydrological Services. This evaluation formed the basis for the estimated cost of supporting the countries in the monitoring exercise. The running cost of participating countries was significantly higher than what was recommended in March 2005 at the Volta-HYCOS planning meeting. For each country, the estimates were made based on the number of stations retained, the distances to be covered in the field and the frequency of the visits. The following tables present the budget required for National Hydrological Services in each country to ensure successful implementation of the Volta-HYCOS project in the country. It is divided into two sections, the first section for the running cost and the second section for equipment needed (summarized from table A 3.2). The second column in the two sections gives the estimated cost. The third column gives the portion of the budget that is already available in cash from FFEM. The last column gives the amount yet to be mobilised.
Benin Burkina Côte Ghana Mali Togo Total per Item Faso d'Ivoire Item € € € € € € € Running cost Gauge Readers' allowance 1 080 8 280 1 080 5 760 1 080 3 780 21 060 Allowance for Focal Point 3 000 6 000 3 000 6 000 3 000 6 000 27 000 Travel Allowances 2 000 6 030 940 4 500 810 1 740 16 020 Vehicle Running Cost 2 715 3 640 800 6 400 2 030 4 000 19 585 Vehicle Hiring/Repair ------Computer Consumables 550 620 1 170 2 205 540 1 000 6 085 Telephone - - - 250 - - 250 Miscellaneous ------Total budget for running 9 345 € 24 570 € 6 990 € 25 115 € 7 460 € 16 520 € 90 000 € Cost / country Equipment Hydrological Measuring 16 340 80 970 25 795 78 590 21 235 32 070 255 000 Equipment Equipment for recording and 8 100 51 500 8 100 47 400 6 300 18 600 140 000 transmission Computer Equipment 4 550 19 900 6 250 27 900 4 550 18 800 81 950 Software - - - 10 000 - 10 000 20 000 Licenses/ Local IT assistance/ 2 000 6 000 3 000 14 000 3 000 12 000 40 000 Internet fees Total Budget for 30 990 € 158 370 € 43 145 € 177 890 € 35 085 € 91 470 € 536 950 € Equipment/country
Total Budget per country 40 335 € 182 940 € 50 135 € 203 005 € 42 545 € 107 990 € 626 950 €
Table A 3.5 – Summary of support to participating countries by expenditure items (based on available budget)
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 70 Benin
Budget for Running Cost
Estimated Funds Funds to be Item Cost Available mobilised € € €
Gauge Readers' allowance 1 080 1 080 - Allowance for Focal Point 3 000 3 000 - Travel Allowances 3 600 2 000 1 600 Vehicle Running Cost 9 538 2 715 6 823 Vehicle Hiring/Repair - - - Computer Consumables 3 000 550 2 450 Telephone - - - Miscellaneous - - -
Total Budget for Running Cost 20 218 € 9 345 € 10 873 €
Budget for Equipment
Estimated Funds Funds to be Item Cost Available mobilised € € €
Hydrological Measuring equipment 17 315 16 340 975 Equipment for recording and 8 100 8 100 - transmission Computer Equipment 4 550 4 550 - Software - - - Licenses/ Local IT assistance/ Internet 3 000 2 000 1 000 fees
Total Budget for Equipment 32 965 € 30 990 € 1 975 €
New Vehicle - - -
Grand Total 53 183 € 40 335 € 12 848 €
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 71 Burkina Faso
Budget for Running Cost
Estimated Funds Funds to be Item Cost Available mobilised € € €
Gauge Readers' allowance 8 280 8 280 - Allowance for Focal Point 6 000 6 000 - Travel Allowances 26 880 6 030 20 850 Vehicle Running Cost 13 626 3 640 9 986 Vehicle Hiring/Repair - - - Computer Consumables 12 000 620 11 380 Telephone - - - Miscellaneous - - -
Total Budget for Running Cost 66 786 € 24 570 € 42 216 €
Budget for Equipment
Estimated Funds Funds to be Item Cost Available mobilised € € €
Hydrological Measuring equipment 89 400 80 970 8 430 Equipment for recording and 68 600 51 500 17 100 transmission Computer Equipment 20 700 19 900 800 Software - - - Licenses/Local IT assistance/Internet 10 200 6 000 4 200 fees
Total Budget for Equipment 188 900 € 158 370 € 30 530 €
New Vehicle - - -
Grand Total 255 686 € 182 940 € 72 746 €
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 72 Côte d'Ivoire
Budget for Running Cost
Estimated Funds Funds to be Item Cost Available mobilised € € €
Gauge Readers' allowance 1 080 1 080 - Allowance for Focal Point 3 000 3 000 - Travel Allowances 3 600 940 2 660 Vehicle Running Cost 3 407 800 2 607 Vehicle Hiring/Repair - - - Computer Consumables 6 000 1 170 4 830 Telephone - - - Miscellaneous - - -
Total Budget for Running Cost 17 087 € 6 990 € 10 097 €
Budget for Equipment
Estimated Funds Funds to be Item Cost Available mobilised € € €
Hydrological Measuring equipment 02 25 795 3 595 Equipment for recording and 9 900 8 100 1 800 transmission Computer Equipment 6 250 6 250 - Software - - - Licenses/ Local IT assistance/ Internet 4 800 3 000 1 800 fees
Total Budget for Equipment 50 340 € 43 145 € 7 195 €
New Vehicle - - -
Grand Total 67 427 € 50 135 € 17 292 €
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 73 Ghana
Budget for Running Cost
Estimated Funds Funds to be Item Cost Available mobilised € € €
Gauge Readers' allowance 5 760 5 760 - Allowance for Focal Point 6 000 6 000 - Travel Allowances 19 740 4 500 15 240 Vehicle Running Cost 20 439 6 400 14 039 Vehicle Hiring/Repair - - - Computer Consumables 12 000 2 205 9 795 Telephone 250 250 - Miscellaneous - - -
Total Budget for Running Cost 64 189 € 25 115 € 39 074 €
Budget for Equipment
Estimated Funds Funds to be Item Cost Available mobilised € € €
Hydrological Measuring equipment 83 030 78 590 4 440 Equipment for recording and 64 500 47 400 17 100 transmission Computer Equipment 28 700 27 900 800 Software 10 000 10 000 - Licenses/Local IT assistance/Internet 20 400 14 000 6 400 fees
Total Budget for Equipment 206 630 € 177 890 € 28 740 €
New Vehicle 20 000 € - 20 000 €
Grand Total 290 819 € 203 005 € 87 814 €
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 74 Mali
Budget for Running Cost
Estimated Funds Funds to be Item Cost Available mobilised € € €
Gauge Readers' allowance 1 080 1 080 - Allowance for Focal Point 3 000 3 000 - Travel Allowances 2 520 810 1 710 Vehicle Running Cost 5 718 2 030 3 688 Vehicle Hiring/Repair - - - Computer Consumables 6 000 540 5 460 Telephone - - - Miscellaneous - - -
Total Budget for Running Cost 18 318 € 7 460 € 10 858 €
Budget for Equipment
Estimated Funds Funds to be Item Cost Available mobilised € € €
Hydrological Measuring equipment 22 360 21 235 1 125 Equipment for recording and 9 100 6 300 2 800 transmission Computer Equipment 4 550 4 550 - Software - - - Licenses/ Local IT assistance/ Internet 4 800 3 000 1 800 fees
Total Budget for Equipment 40 810 € 35 085 € 5 725 €
New Vehicle - - -
Grand Total 59 128 € 42 545 € 16 583 €
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 75 Togo
Budget for Running Cost
Estimated Funds Funds to be Item Cost Available mobilised € € €
Gauge Readers' allowance 3 780 3 780 - Allowance for Focal Point 6 000 6 000 - Travel Allowances 7 140 1 740 5 400 Vehicle Running Cost 14 313 4 000 10 313 Vehicle Hiring/Repair - - - Computer Consumables 6 000 1 000 5 000 Telephone - - - Miscellaneous - - -
Total Budget for Running Cost 37 233 € 16 520 € 20 713 €
Budget for Equipment
Estimated Funds Funds to be Item Cost Available mobilised € € €
Hydrological Measuring equipment 66 220 32 070 34 150 Equipment for recording and 20 100 18 600 1 500 transmission Computer Equipment 19 600 18 800 800 Software 10 000 10 000 - Licenses/Local IT assistance/Internet 16 800 12 000 4 800 fees
Total Budget for Equipment 132 720 € 91 470 € 41 250 €
New Vehicle 20 000 € - 20 000 €
Grand Total 189 953 € 107 990 € 81 963 €
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 3 76 Volta-HYCOS - Project Document
ANNEX 4
SPECIFICATIONS AND LOCATION OF THE HYDROMETRIC STATIONS PROPOSED FOR THE VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT
ANNEX 4
1. HYDROMETRIC STATIONS PROPOSED FOR THE VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT 1.1 DESCRIPTION OF HYDROMETRIC STATIONS In choosing the final list of hydrometric stations for the Volta-HYCOS project, the general objective of the WHYCOS programme was borne in mind. The sustainability of the data collection programme after the end of Volta–HYCOS project was a key factor which was considered both in the selection of the stations and the equipment to be installed. The needs of water resources information users were also taken into account in the above choices.
The proposals of the National Hydrological Services on the stations to be retained were obtained from the questionnaires and the discussions during the country consultation visits. In general these proposals were well respected. However in a few cases, the general location of the stations on a basin-wide scale was considered, rather than on country basis. Generally, the stations which are essential for the control of cross-border flows, the calculation of the main water balance at the country level, stations controlling the operation of the dams of regional importance and stations with long periods of historic data were favourably considered. The project was also attentive and reactive to the needs expressed by the different users encountered during the country visits (dam managers, drinkable water distribution societies, irrigation companies, etc.), who will be the main users of the hydrological data coming from the Volta-HYCOS network.
The equipment proposed for the hydrometric stations was using technology that balances modernity, economy, robustness, and suitability for the circumstances of the West African sub-region.
For stations that require the data to be transmitted in real time data or quasi-real time, data transmission will be by satellite (WMO meteosat). This system, used in the HYCOS programme has the advantage of free annual subscription for the use of the satellite transmission in the frame work of the WHYCOS programme. The system of data transmission through radio will also be used at some specific sites, especially to enable the effective management of dams (for controlling the releases downstream).
In all, a total of 60 hydrometric stations were selected for the Volta-HYCOS project. The reduction in the unit price of the data collection platform proposed to be installed at the stations in 2003 has made it possible to include some supplementary stations requested by the participating countries in 2006.
The hydrometric stations selected and the types of equipment to be installed under the Volta-HYCOS project are as presented in Table A4.1.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 79
Table A4.1: Hydrometric Stations and proposed equipment- Volta-HYCOS 2006 Station characteristics Current Equipment N° Country River Basin Station Objectives and use of station Catchment Area Water level Date of creation Gauge Reader Category Equipment proposed km² sensor
BENIN Orphéus E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) Monitors the inflows from the Pendjari at the 1 BENIN Pendjari Porga 22 280 1952 1 1 pressure sensor exit of Benin. Local knowledge of the contribution of River 2 BENIN Magou Tiele 836 1961 1 - 3 G (DCP without teletransmission) Magou to the Pendjari. Contributions from the upper catchment of the 3 BENIN Binaho Dompago 62 1954 - - 3 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) Keran. BURKINA FASO Flood forecasting and management of the Sourou dam. 4 BURKINA FASO Mouhoun Samandéni 4 580 1955 OTT X 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) Flow estimatation downstream of future dam at Samandeni. 5 BURKINA FASO Mouhoun Nwokuy 14 800 1955 OTT X 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) Flood forecasting and management of the Sourou dam.
6 BURKINA FASO Mouhoun Lahirasso To be created - 1 G (DCP without tele-transmission) Flood forecasting and management of the Sourou dam.
7 BURKINA FASO Sourou Yaran 10 000 1955 - 1 D (Radio Transmission) Water level monitoring at the Sourou dam Sourou dam 8 BURKINA FASO Sourou 11 000 1952 - 1 D (Radio Transmission) Management of Sourou dam (Pont de Léry) Moinitoring of releases from the Sourou dam. 9 BURKINA FASO Mouhoun Ténado 23 700 1975 OTT X 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) Water Supply for Tenado and Koudougou Mointoring intermediate flows between the Sourou 10 BURKINA FASO Mouhoun Boromo 35 160 1955 OTT X 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) dam and the Ghana border. Water supply for Boromo town Monitoring of flows of the Black Volta from Burkina into 11 BURKINA FASO Mouhoun Ouessa 50 820 1969 OTT X 1 G (DCP without teletransmission) Ghana. Regional interest Monitoring of the flow contribbution from the 12 BURKINA FASO Bougouribga Diébougou 12 200 1955 OTT X 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) Bougouribga. Monitoring the flows on the Black Volta along the 13 BURKINA FASO Mouhoun Dapola 66 540 1951 OTT X 1 G (DCP without teletransmission) Ghana-Burkina border. Regional Interest 14 BURKINA FASO Bambassou Batié 5 630 OTT X ? 2 G (DCP without tele-transmission) Monitors the contribution of Bambassou Monitoring of flows along the Burkina Faso- Ghana 15 BURKINA FASO Mouhoun Noumbiel 79 700 1983 OTT X 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat ) western border towards the Ghana-Cote d'Ivoire eastern border. Regional Interest Estimation of the flow contribution from the upper 16 BURKINA FASO Nakambé Rambo 2 375 OTT X 2 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) Nakambe catchment Toessé-Kanazoé 17 BURKINA FASO Nakambé 8 000 - 3 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) Monitors inflows into the dam dam 18 BURKINA FASO Nakambé Kongoussi 2 560 1966 OTT X 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) Monitors inflows into Lake Bam For flow forecasting into the Ziga dam. Flood warning 19 BURKINA FASO Nakambé Tampelga OTT X 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) for the dam. 20 BURKINA FASO Nakambé Wayen 20 800 1965 OTT X 1 G (DCP without teletransmission) Forecast of flows into the Bagre dam Monitoring of outflows from the Bagre dam. Regional 21 BURKINA FASO Nakambé D/s Bagré dame 33 140 To be created - 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat ) interest. Monitoring of flows from the Sissili in Burkina Faso into 22 BURKINA FASO Sissili Kounou OTT XX 1 G (DCP without teletransmission) Ghana. Regional interest. Assess local resources of the Noaho. Clarify flooding at 23 BURKINA FASO Noaho Bittou 4 050 1973 OTT X 1 G (DCP without tele-transmission) the confluence with the Nakambe Estimation of flows on the Pendjari at the border 24 BURKINA FASO Pendjari Arly 10 260 1976 OTT XX 2 G (DCP without tele-transmission) between Burkina and Benin. Monitoring of outflows from the Kompienga dam. 25 BURKINA FASO Kompienga D/S Kompienga dam 5 700 OTT X 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) Regional interest. 26 BURKINA FASO NAZINON Dakaye 4540 1974 OTT X 2 G (DCP without tele-transmission) Monitoring flows from the Nazinon Monitoring of flows from the Red Volta in Burkina 27 BURKINA FASO NAZINON Ziou 10 700 1990 OTT X 1 G (DCP without tele-transmission) towards Ghana. Regional interest.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 80
Station characteristics Current Equipment River N° Country Stations Objectives and use of station Basin Date of Catchment Area km² Gauge Reader Water level sensor Category Equipment proposed creation
COTE D'IVOIRE Monitoring of flows along the Ghana-Cote d'Ivoire 28 COTE D'IVOIRE Black Volta Tagadi 1986 - Station not functional 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) border into to Ghana. Regional Interest To be Local flow contribution from Cote d'Ivoire to the main 29 COTE D'IVOIRE Niangala Rte Tagadi - - - 3 G (DCP without tele-transmission) created Black Volta Local flow contribution from Cote d'Ivoire to the main 30 COTE D'IVOIRE Koulda Pouon 1983 - Station not functional 3 G (DCP without tele-transmission) Black Volta GHANA White Monitoring of transboundary flows from the White 31 GHANA Yarugu 41 550 1962 1 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) Volta Volta in Burkina into Ghana White Monitoring of the combined flows from the Red and 32 GHANA Pwalagu 63 350 1951 1 1 G (DCP without teletransmission) Volta White Volta basins in Ghana Management of the Akosombo dam: Forecast of White 33 GHANA Nawuni 92 950 1953 1 - 2 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) flows from the White Volta into the lake. Tamale Volta water Supply. White Management of the Volta Lake. Flow forecasts of the 34 GHANA Daboya 93 320 1962 1 OTT X 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) Volta contributions of the White Volta into the Volta Lake. Monitoring of local contribution form the Sissili to the 35 GHANA Sissili Wiase 9 500 1961 1 2 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) White Volta. Monitoring of local contribution form the Kulpawn to 36 GHANA Kulpawn Yagaba 10 600 1958 1 2 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) the White Volta. Monitoring flows from the Red Volta into Ghana from 37 GHANA Red Volta Nangodi 11570 1958 1 1 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) Burkina. Station is of regional interest Monitoring of transboundary flows from the Black 38 GHANA Black Volta Lawra 93 820 1951 1 OTT X 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) Volta in Burkina into Ghana. Station is of regional Interest Management of the Akosombo dam: Forecast of 39 GHANA Black Volta Chache 1963 1 OTT X 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) flows from the Black Volta into the lake Management of the Akosombo dam: Forecast of 40 GHANA Black Volta Bui Dam 123 000 1965 1 OTT X 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) flows from the Black Volta into the lake Management of the Akosombo dam: Forecast of 41 GHANA Black Volta Bamboï 134 200 1950 1 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) flows from the Black Volta into the lake Management of the Akosombo dam: Forecast of 42 GHANA Oti Saboba 53 090 1963 1 - 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) flows from the Oti into the lake Management of the Akosombo dam: Forecast of 43 GHANA Pru Asubende 6 355 1957 1 - 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) flows from the Pru into the lake Management of the Akosombo dam: Forecast of 44 GHANA Afram Afram 1 1 G (DCP without teletransmission) flows from the Afram into the Volta Lake 45 GHANA Volta Akosombo Dam 1956 - - 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) Management of the Akosombo dam B (Gauge reader equipped with GSM cell Monitoring of flows from the Lower Volta into the sea. 46 GHANA Volta Akosombo D/S 1962 - - 1 phone) MALI 1955 / Estimation of flows from the upper catchment of 47 MALI Sourou Baï - - 3 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) 1996 Sourou 1956 / Management of irrigated fields within the Sourou 48 MALI Sourou Goéré - - 3 D ((Radio Transmission) 1996 valley. Monitoring of flow contribution into the Sourou To be 49 MALI Sourou Pléto - - 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) reservoir. Assessment of effect of dam on water created levels in Mali. Regional Interest.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 81
Station characteristics Current Equipment N° Country River Basin Stations Objectives and use of station Catchment Area Water level Date of creation Gauge Reader Category Equipment proposed km² sensor
TOGO Monitoring of transboundary flows from Oti into Ghana, 50 TOGO Oti Mango 35 650 1955 - - 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) Water Supply of Mango. Regional Interest 51 TOGO Oti Mandouri 29 100 1959 - - 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) Monitoring the contribution of the Pendjari from Benin
52 TOGO Sansargou Borgou 2 240 1960 - - 3 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) Flood forecasting; Fight against Onchocercaisis 53 Monitoring the flow contribution of the Koumongou to TOGO Koumongou Koumongou 6 730 1959 - - 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) the Oti. 54 TOGO Kéran Titira 3 695 1962 - - 2 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) Estimation of flows from the upper catchment of Keran 55 Estimation of flows from the upper Keren basin. Flood TOGO Binah Pouda - - 3 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) forecasting / irrigation/ Fight against Onchocercaisis 56 TOGO Kara N'Naboupi 5 200 1972 - - 2 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) Monitoring of the flows from the Kara to the Oti. 57 Estimation of the flows from the upper Kra basin. Water TOGO Kara Kara 1 560 1954 - - 2 G (DCP without tele-transmission) supply for Kara 58 TOGO Kpélou Kpéssidé - - 3 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) To support irrigation / Fight against Onchocercaisis.
59 TOGO Mô Bongoulou 2 630 1965 - - 2 E (DCP with tele-transmission via Meteosat) Monitoring of the flows from the Mô into the Oti. 60 Regional interest: Monitoring of flows from the Wawa TOGO wawa Kessibo - - 2 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) into the Volta Lake. Water supply
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 82
1.2. Stations Typology
This annex proposes a list of stations included in the Volta-HYCOS project. These stations were selected on the basis of the WHYCOS programme criteria, i.e. the creation of a hydrological cycle observing network of regional and global interest in view of an integrated management of the water resources of the large transboundary basins and a better grasp of the trend of hydrological regimes globally. Accordingly, 60 stations were selected for this project in accordance with the requirements of WHYCOS programmes, and were divided into three categories:
• CATEGORY 1 corresponds to stations of regional significance. These include stations that monitor the international flows into or out of the countries, reference stations with long historic data as well as stations that monitor the operation of dams with regional impact (30 stations). • CATEGORY 2 corresponds to stations of national importance that help to calculate the water balance at the country level, but which do not necessarily present any interest for the establishment of regional water balance reports (20 stations). • CATEGORY 3 corresponds to stations that are not essential for the establishment of the most important water balance reports, although they help to refine them. They may also serve the purpose of forecasting or specific local needs in the various countries (10 stations).
Table A4.2: Distribution of Volta-HYCOS stations by classes
Country Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Benin 1 0 2 Burkina Faso 15 8 1 Cote d'Ivoire 1 0 2 Ghana 11 5 0 Mali 1 0 2 Togo 1 7 3 Total 30 20 10
1.3 Typology of the equipment for the stations
Type A Equipment Standard station with staff gauges and a gauge reader. The data are transmitted by mail or are given to visiting teams. It is the basic standard station. The gauge readings are transmitted every month to the manager through the locally available means. It is necessary to provide the gauge reader with note-books and pre-stamped envelops for the whole year. The observation note-books should have pages in triplicate.
Type B Equipment Type A Station whose observer has at home or near his house a local telephone (RTC) or GSM telephone access.
Type C Equipment
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 83
Type C Equipment Type A Station equipped with a facility for the manual transmission of data though METEOSAT, ARGOS or INMARSAT satellite. This station is operated by an observer who has at home a system for the entry of any type of information regularly produced by a satellite system. This type of transmission is already in use in meteorology.
Type D Equipment Type A Station equipped with a radio for data transmission.
Type E Equipment Type A Station equipped with DCP with automatic data transmission via METEOSAT. It is the classical type of equipment for the standard HYCOS installations with satellite transmission.
Type F Equipment Type A Station equipped with an automatic DCP with GSM transmission.
Type G Equipment Station of the type A equipped with a DCP without tele-transmission system. This type of station consists of a digital water level recorder with an integrated or separate data logger for data acquisition
Depending on the conditions in the field and/or the importance of some of the hydrometric stations, some proposed equipment would be additional to the existing traditional equipment currently in the field and will be maintained in parallel for the sake of security against data loss in the event of failure of the electronic system.
Out of these 60 stations, 30 belong to category 1, 20 to 2 and 10 to category 3. The project intends to provide 20 category 1 and 2 stations with DCPs equipped with METEOSAT remote transmission. Twenty-five stations will be provided with digital water level recorders. Of the remaining, 3 stations will be equipped with radios for data transmission and 1 with GSM transmission. Eleven (11) others will have simple staff gauges and gauge readers.
Table A4.3: Summary of grouping of Volta-HYCOS stations according to proposed equipment type
DCP with Staff Gauge Station with Staff Station with No. of DCP without tele- Meteosat +Gauge reader Gauge + Reader + SG, and Gauge stations transmission (G) transmission (E) equipped with GSM trans (B) Reader ( A) radio (type D) Bénin 3 1 1 0 0 1 Burkina 24 6 14 2 0 2 Côte d'Ivoire 3 1 2 0 0 0 Ghana 16 9 4 0 1 2 Mali 3 1 0 1 0 1 Togo 11 2 4 0 0 5 TOTAL 60 20 25 3 1 11
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 84 The histogram below gives a visual presentation of the distribution of stations and equipment type by countries. There is at least one tele-transmitted station in each country. The distribution of the stations and the equipment in general depicts the relative importance of the basin to the countries.
30 GSM transm Radio transm. 25 Staff Gauge Only Teletrans DCP no transm 20
15
10 Number of Stations Number
5
0 Bénin Burkina Côte d'Ivoire Ghana Mali Togo Country
Figure A4.1: Distribution of stations and type of equipment by countries
Comments on remote transmission equipment used by WHYCOS programmes
WHYCOS uses the METEOSAT transmission system. This choice is based on the fact that transmission through WMO satellite is free of charge. This transmission mode allows reception of long messages from multi-sensor DCPs. The system has been used in Africa and the Mediterranean since the beginning of the WHYCOS programme.
Experience has shown that the DCPs are extremely vulnerable by virtue of their technical specifications, especially to acts of vandalism. In many regions, the systems have been subject to acts of vandalism and these particularly find expression in stealing of the solar panel, resulting in the stoppage of the whole DCP. To overcome these problems, newer designs with smaller solar panels and antenna or integrated solar panels with less visible antenna would be used to avoid conspicuousness and hence lower the chances of vandalism. The DCPs with tele-transmission facilities via Meteosat would be reprogrammed to reduce the frequency of data transmission from 3 hourly as was the case with the earlier WHYCOS stations to about 3 to 4 transmissions per day. This will substantially reduce the power requirements.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 85 N
Mopti #
BAI RAMBON
# # a GOERE# Ouahigouya#k a PLETO# m b KONGOUSSI é # YARAN# KANAZOE# #TAMPELGA SOUROU M # a s s # i ZIGA NWOKUY# Dédougou li # # #WAYEN oun Ouagadougou TENADO # OuFada N'Gourma ouh N a # a N lé S o M z uh n i BOROMO i n a S s o u o in LAHIRASSO s n # o g
i o
l # h u i u BAGRE AVAL o ARLY #SAMANDENI M NEBBOU KOMPIENGA# #BITTOU i Bobo Dioulasso ar # # AVAL j # PORGAM nd DIEBOUGOU ZIOU R OUESSA # a e e # # a YARUGU g P b # d # i o r # NANGODI V u # # u o o # g LAWRA l Bolgatanga t u a MANDOURI # o B B # W TIELE l # DAPOLA a h c MANGO i PWALAGU # k t Natitingou WIASI e i # t V # # V Wa O o #KOUMANGOU # o l t YAGABA lt a a # NOUMBIEL # TITIRA né NAWUNI N'NABOUPI uè # # #DOMPAGA o # P Koulda # SABOBA# # DABOYA W # Kara h # O it POUON e Tamale t CHACHE Vo i # B ô Sokodé l la ta M # c # k
V BONGOULOU TAGADIK o o # l ho t dio a Rte TAGADI# BUI DAM ## Bondoukou# BAMBOI ASUBENDE#
# AFRAMSO A Sunyani T # L O
V
# Yamoussokro E # K A
Kumasi L AKOSOMBO DAM # Lomé AKOSOMBO AVAL# #
Accra # Abidjan #
LEGEND # Normal Station # Teletransmitted Station Scale:1/1 400 000 # Towns Rivers
Figure A4.2: Map of the Volta Basin showing the Volta-HYCOS Hydrometric stations
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 86 Table A4.4: Estimated Cost of the Various Station Types
Unit Cost in Station Types and Expenditure Items No. Total Cost in Euro Euro
Type A Station Staff Gauges 46 5 230 Staff gauge stands 15 5 75 Miscellaneous 20 1 20 Sub-total A 325
Type B Station (GSM phone) Acquisition of GSM handset 300 1 300 Various accessories 50 1 50
Sub-total B 350
Type C Station (Manual METEOSAT) Acquisition of system for manual transmission through METEOSAT 6 000 1 6000 Field installation fees 300 1 300 Miscellaneous 150 1 150 Sub-total C 6 650
Type D Station (Radio)
HF Radio 2 500 1 2 500 Pylon antenna, solar panel, battery 1 000 1 1 000 Miscellaneous 150 1 150 Sub-total D 3 650
Type E Station (METEOSAT DCP) Acquisition of DCP with METEOSAT transmission 6 000 1 6 000 Field installation fees 300 1 300 Miscellaneous 150 1 150 Sub-total E 6 450
Type F Station (Limni GSM) Automatic DCP with GSM transmission 1 500 1 1 500 Field installation fees 300 1 300 Miscellaneous 150 1 150 Sub-total F 1 950 Type G Station (Digital water level) Digital water level recorder 1500 1 1500 Field installation fees 150 1 150 Miscellaneous 150 1 150 Sub-total G 1800 1800
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 87
1.4. Details per country
BENIN
The portion of the Volta basin in Benin represents only 3.4% of the of the active basin area. It is essentially made up of the Pendjari basin, which constitutes an important component of the Oti.
Station characteristics N° River River basin Catchment Date Category Equipment proposed Lat. Long. area (km²) opened E (DCP with tele-transmission via 1 Pendjari Porga 22,280 10°58' N 00°58' E 1952 1 meteosat)
2 Magou Tiele 836 10°43' N 01°12' E 1961 3 G (DCP without teletransmission) 3 Binaho Dompago 62 09°42' N 01°27' E 1954 3 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) Three stations have been identified, the Porga station which controls all Karimama
u
o the inflows from Benin into the kr é Malanville
M Kandero Guéné Volta, the Tiélé station on the upper Kassa S a t Pendjari basin and the Dompago a station on Binaho (a tributary of Banikoara Goumon Kandi PORGA i r ja River Keran). d n Ségbana Porga e
i i P l r Gogounou ou Kérou o B
b
i TIELE l
Matéri A The Porga station is located at the Tanguiéta é in u s Basso Kobli Kouarfa ro s k a downstream of the Pendjari, before é Sinendé T Natitingou M Kalalé Péhonko Bembéréké its confluence with the Oti in Togo. Boukoumbé Toumé It is a category 2 station under the Guessou Sud Nikki Kopargo Ndali above classification as it satisfies Péréré Bori DOMPAGO Djougou O Ouaké u é national interest. The station m Guinagourou é measures the flow from Pendjari Alédjo Parakou
River (Oti in Togo), at the exit of Bétérou Benin. This station was monitored Aliafiarou Tchaourou
a under the WHO Onchocercaisis r
a
p
k programme until 1990. Kilibo O Pim Ouèssè Also the DGH installed a DCP of the Banté
Thalimede type (OTT make) but it Otala Z o u Savé Oké was carried away by floods. An Savalou Glazoué Owo
Orphéus type probe (piezometric Djaloukou Dassa Okpa sensor, OTT make) was installed to Agouna
é replace the lost sensor in 2004. It Djidja m é Kétou Tele-transmitted station Abomey Ou will be equipped with a DCP with Bohicon Aplahoué Pobé remote transmission facilities. Lalo Bonou Station without tele-transmission The station at Tiele is located on a Totto Lokossa Allada PORTO Volta basin catchment boundary tributary in the upper catchment of Lac 0 50 100 km Nokoué NOVO the Pendjari River Basin called Comé Ouidah Magou. There are currently only Cotonou staff gauges (in good condition) at this station. Following the construction of a new bridge in 2002- 2003 at this station, the survey pillar used to reference the staff gauges was lost. The rating curve for the station is thus to be re-established. The station at Tiele will be equipped with a digital water level recorder. It will satisfy local and national interest. The Dompago station on River Binaho (Keran) was a research catchment over a long period of time (1954-1995). Flows from this station will satisfy local needs. The information will also give trends in flows within the headwaters of the Keran. They will also be of regional interest as the flows enter Togo. The station will be equipped with staff gauges.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 88 BURKINA FASO
The Volta basin in Burkina Faso accounts for 43% of the total basin area. With the three major tributaries – the Black Volta (Mouhoun), the Red Volta (Nazinon) and the White Volta (Nakambé) – constituting the upper basin of the river, Burkina Faso represents an essential component in the Volta- HYCOS programme observing system just like Ghana.
On account of the importance of Burkina Faso in the Volta-HYCOS programme, 24 hydrometric stations have been retained in that country in order to ensure good reporting and have the best possible forecasting of flows into Ghana.
Station characteristics N° River Basin Station Catchment Category Equipment proposed Lat. Long. Date opened Area km² 1 Mouhoun Samandéni 4 580 11°28' N 04°28' W 1955 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) 2 Mouhoun Nwokuy 14 800 12°31' N 03°33' W 1955 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) 3 Mouhoun Lahirasso 11°51' N 01°36' W To be created 1 G (DCP without tele-transmission) 4 Sourou Yaran 10 000 12°58' N 03°27' W 1955 1 D (Radio Transmission) Barrage du 5 Sourou Sourou 27 000 12°45' N 03°26' W 1952 1 D (Radio Transmission) (Pont de Léry) 6 Mouhoun Ténado 23 700 1975 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) 7 Mouhoun Boromo 62 000 11°47' N 02°55' W 1955 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) 8 Mouhoun Ouessa 78 000 11°01' N 02°49' W 1969 1 G (DCP without teletransmission) 9 Bougouribga Diébougou 12 200 10°55' N 03°39' W 1955 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) 10 Mouhoun Dapola 94 000 10°34' N 02°55' W 1951 1 G (DCP without teletransmission) 11 Bambassou Batié 9°59' N 02°54' W G (DCP without teletransmission) 12 Mouhoun Noumbiel 9°41' N 02°46' W 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat ) 13 Nakambé Rambo 2 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) Barrage de 14 Nakambé Toessé- 8 000 3 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) Kanazoé 15 Nakambé Kongoussi 2 560 13°20' N 01°31' W 1966 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) 16 Nakambé Tampelga 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat ) 17 Nakambé Wayen 20 800 12°23' N 01°05' W 1965 1 G (DCP without teletransmission) Aval Bagré 18 Nakambé 33 140 To be created 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat ) barrage 19 Sissili Kounou 1 G (DCP without tele-transmission) 20 Noaho Bittou 4 050 11°11' N 00°17' W 1973 1 G (DCP without teletransmission) 21 Pendjari Arly 10 260 11°26' N 01°34' E 1976 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) Aval 22 Kompienga Kompienga 5 700 11°10' N 00°38' E 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat ) barrage 23 Nazinon Dakaye 4 540 11°47' N 01°346 W 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) 24 Nazinon Ziou 10 700 11°05'46"N 00°42' W 1990 1 G (DCP without teletransmission)
Nine (9) supplementary stations were added with respect to those of the 2003 project document. Five (6) of the 24 stations can be used to establish reports on the flows from Burkina into Ghana: These stations are Ouessa on the Mouhoun, downstream of Bagré dam on the Nakambé (White Volta River) and downstream of Kompienga dam on the Kompienga River, Ziou on the Nazinon and the Kounou on the Sissili and Bittou on the Nohao. Four of the stations directly monitor the volume of water flowing into the major dams (Yaran and Sorou on the Sorou, Bam lake and Toessé-Kanazoé dam).
At present, only the Wayen station on the Nakambé is equipped with an automatic data transmission system managed by SONABEL as part of the flood-forecasting network for the Bagré dam. On account of the problems encountered in the management of this dam, it is important that the established stations allow the best possible flood forecasting.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 89 Under the Volta-HYCOS project, six (6) stations in Burkina Faso are to be equipped with satellite automatic transmission system via meteosat. Fourteen (14) stations will be equipped digital water level recorders (Type G station; staff gauge, a gauge reader and a digital water level recorder). Two (2) stations will be equipped with radio transmission and 2 other stations will be equipped with gauges and gauge readers who will regularly transmit the gauge readings to the NHSs by post.
Two stations will be equipped with radio transmission. These are theYaran station and the station on the Lery dam (bridge on the Sourou). The Yaran station is located upstream of the Sourou dam in a very flat terrain. Water levels at this station could be indicative of the flooding situation within the Sourou river system. The readings of the gauge heights from the two stations will be transmitted daily to the National Hydrological Service who will in turn give orders regarding the opening of the valves to release water downstream.
Mouhoun basin
Stations of Samandeni, Nwokuy and Leri dam The stations of Samandeni, Nwokuy and Leri dam (Sourou dam) are located on the Mouhoun River. The first two will all be equipped with DCPs with tele-transmission facilities via Meteosat. The water level data to be transmitted from these stations would be very useful in managing the opening and closing of the valves on the Lery dam. This is expected to avoid flooding upstream of the Sourou dam in Burkina Faso and in the Sourou basin in Mali (up to Bai).
Lahirasso It is intended to establish a new station upstream of the station of the Nwokuy on the Mouhoun River (Black Volta) to enable the acquisition of intermediate flow data between the stations of Samandéni and Nwokuy. A hydrometric station at Lahirasso is not expected to be influenced by back water effects from the Lery dam as is the case with the Nwokuy station. This station will be equipped with a digital water level recorder.
Stations of Tenado, Boromo and Ouessa These stations are located on the stretch of the Mouhoun (Black Volta) lying between the Sourou (Lery) dam and Ghana-Burkina border. The first two stations satisfy local and national interests. The last one, Ouessa is a category 1 station situated on the Diebougou –Leo road and capturing flows entering Ghana. All the three stations would be equipped with digital water level recorders without tele-transmission facilities.
Station of Diebougou This station is on the tributaries of the Mouhoun that joins the main Mouhoun at a location between the Ouessa and the Dapola stations. This station will be equipped with a PCD without tele- transmission facilities.
Dapola Station The Dapola station located downstream of that at Ouessa on the Mouhoun will not be equipped with tele-transmission facilities as another station a few kilometres upstream in Ghana (Lawra) is being equipped with a DCP with tele-transmission facilities. This station would therefore be equipped with digital water level recorder without tele-transmission facilities.
Station of Batié The station at Batié on the Bambassou will monitor the flows from River Bambassou, an important confluence of the Mouhoun (Black Volta) at the right bank and upstream of the Noumbiel station also on the Black Volta. It will be equipped with a digital water level recorder without tele-transmission facilities.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 90
Noumbiel (Mouhoun) This station is the most downstream station on the Mouhoun in Burkina Faso. Accessibility to the station is bad as the road network is not good. It is of a category 1 station and flow information on it would help in water governance issues in the basin. It will be equipped with a DCP with Meteosat tele-transmission facilities.
Nakambe basin
Rambo (Nakambe) The Rambo station is located in the upper catchment of the Nakambe basin, upstream of the Toece dam. It will give information on the filling of this dam and could also give information on flood warning within the upper White Volta basin in Burkina Faso (Nakambe). The station will have staff gauges and a gauge reader.
Tampelga (Nakambé) The station is located upstream of the Ziga dam and would give information on the filling of this dam. It is important for the security of the Ziga dam. It could also support flood warning system in the Nakambe. The station will be equipped with a DCP with tele-transmission possibilities.
Bagre The station downstream of Bagré dam is category is of regional importance. It will be equipped with DCP with remote transmission facilities via Meteosat in order to allow real-time monitoring of the volumes leaving the dam and flowing into Ghana.
Ziou on the Nazinon The Nazinon (Red Volta) is a tributary of the White Volta. The station Ziou on the Nazinon is important as it measures flows entering Ghana from Burkina Faso on the Red Volta tributary. The station is to be equipped with a DCP without tele-transmission facilities.
Dakaye (Nazinon) This station will capture the flows from the Nazinon in its middle portion, upstream of the station at Ziou.
Nouaho at Bittou The Bittou station is on River Noaho, a tributary of the White Volta in Burkina Faso. The station would help capture the flows from this tributary that flows into Ghana. It will also help clarify the source of periodic flooding experienced by border villages within Ghana near its confluence with the White Volta (Nakambe). This station will be equipped with a digital water level recorder without tele-transmission faclities.
Oti basin
Pendjari at Arly The Arly station on the Pendjari is located further upstream of the Porga station in Benin. This station would monitor the flows from the upper reaches of the Pendjari. Flow captured is from some tributaries within Benin and Burkina Faso. It will help satisfy national interests as well. A digital water level recorder (without tele-transmission facilities) will be installed at this station.
Kompienga Downstream The station downstream of Kompienga dam is of regional importance. It will each be equipped with DCP with remote transmission facilities via Meteosat in order to allow real-time monitoring of the volumes leaving the dam and flowing ultimately into Ghana.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 91
B Tin Akof éli
Markoy Oursi Déou Koutougou
Gorom Gorom
Baraboulé Aribinda Falagountou Ban Djibo Solé Tongomayé Gorgadji Kain Dori Seytanga Pobé Mangao Titao Tibati Dablo Bani Pensa Ouahigouya RAMBO Yalgo Sampelga Kombori Zogoré Séguénaga Sebba Boundoré Toéni Koala LAC DE BAM Solna Kongoussi Tougo Mani Di Tikaré Pissala Mansila BARRAGE Kaya YARAN Tion Liptougou DE KANAZOE Mané Bogandé Bartibougou PONT DE LERY Bagaré Toéguen TAMPELGA Foutouri i s Piéla Gayéri Botou os K Ziga Siglé Ziniaré Bilanga ou a Kantchari g on irb m NWOKUY S ia Ouagadougou WAYEN Yamba Matiakoali D Dédougou Ta Tchériba po e TENADO a ir Koubri N Sami o a Koupéla k N Koudougou a a m Fada-Ngourma Faramana lt b Zoungou Djabo o Kona é Diapaga V Bona Kayao Garango Dialgay LAHIRASSO Namounou BOROMO DAKAYE Niago Padéma Békoui Bagassi Boromo V o Manga Tenkodogo lta Sili R Satiri Pa o u O SAMANDENI Tô ge u Fara a S l Madjoari ilis é ARLY si BAGRE AVAL Bama Léna Banzo ZIOU Parma Koumbia KOUNOU Djigouéra BITTOU Bobo Dioulasso Léo Pô Kompienga Koloko OUESSA Orodara Péni Bondigui Ouéléni KOMPIENGA AVAL Vigué DIEBOUGOU Oualokanto Banfora Sidéradougou Dédougou Regional hydrological office Ouo DAPOLA
Gaoua V o l 50 t 0 100 km a
N L Tele-transmitted station é o i ra r b Djgoué e a é BATIE o
m
o C Station without tele-transmission NOUMBIEL
Kpéré Volta basin catchment boundary
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 92 COTE D’IVOIRE
Côte d’Ivoire’s occupies only 2.5% of the Volta River basin area, contribution to the Volta Basin is minimal. However, three stations have be retained, especially the Tagadi site located at the junction of the three borders of Burkina, Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. At this point, it will be possible to accurately determine the flows of the Black Volta entering Ghana.
Station charactéristics River N° Station Catchment Date Category Equipment proposed Basin Lat. Long. Area km² opened Volta 1 Tagadi 8° 47 N 2°36 W 1986 1 E (DCP with tele-transmission via meteosat) Noire Rte To be 2 Niangala 3 G (DCP without tele-transmission) Tagadi created 3 Koulda Pouon 1983 3 G (DCP without tele-transmission)
Tengréla TAGADI This station monitors all the flows entering
Ferkessédougou Ghana. An automatic POUON Odienné Boundiali transmission station was Korhogo Bonna installed on the river in TAGADI 1986 at this site by the Dabakala RTE TAGADI WHO-Oncho Touba Mankono Katiola Bondoukou programme and Séguéla Biankouro functioned for only two Béoumi Bouaké Tanda Zuénoula Sakassou Vovoua Mbahialara years. It is a category 1 Danané Man
Tiébissou station and would be Bakanda Doaukura Agnibilékrou Bouaflé Daloa YAMOUSSOUKRO equipped with a DCP Duékoué Dimbokro Simbra Abengourou Bangouanou Guiglo Issio with data transmission Fourmao Oumé
Gagnoa facilities. Bongouanou Tiassalé Diva Soubré Agboville Lakola Sa s s a n Alégé POUON, KOULDA Monitoring the d Abaisso ra Dobou
inflow from this Adiaké ABIDJAN Grand Lahou Grand Bassam Grabo tributary is not Sassandra indispensable but it can San Pédro provide relevant Tabou hydrological Bondoukou Regional hydrological office information locally. It is thus a category 3 Tele-transmitted station station and would be Station without tele-transmission
provided with a digital 0 50 100 km water level recorder. Volta basin catchment boundary
NIANGALA, ROUTE DE TAGADI Monitoring the inflow from this tributary is not indispensable but it can provide relevant hydrological information locally. The relocated position captures the flows from three tributaries. It would be provided with a digital water level recorder.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 93 GHANA
With 42% of the area of the area Volta River Basin, Ghana covers the entire downstream portion of the Volta River Basin. With 16 stations, it is possible to accurately determine the upstream inflows from the neighbouring countries and estimate the volumes entering the Akosombo dam.
Nine (9) out of the 16 stations retained in Ghana are earmarked for tele-transmission (Meteosat, type E). Four (4) of the remaining stations are to be equipment with a digital water level recorder and the rest will have staff gauges with gauge readers. The station downstream of Akosombo will be equipped with a GSM telephone system. The tele-transmitted stations will greatly enhance the flow forecasting and management of the Volta Lake.
Black Volta Basin
The Lawra station is the first station that captures flows from Burkina Faso flowing along the boundary of Ghana and Burkina Faso on the Black Volta River. It has a long history of flow records (opened in 1951). It will help in transboundary water governance issues and would be equipped with a DCP with Meteosat tele-transmission facilities (Type E).
Chache and Bui Dam stations are located downstream of the Lawra station on the Black Volta and monitor the inflows from the Black Volta River into Ghana from Burkina Faso and Cote d’Ivoire. They are important for forecasting flows into the Volta Lake. They are each to be equipped with a DCP with Meteosat tele-transmission facilities (Type E).
The station at Bamboi is on the Black Volta River is located downstream of the Bui dam station. It is useful is forecasting flows into the Volta Lake and would be equipped with a digital water level recorder without tele-transmission capabilities (Type G).
Station characteristics River N° Stations Catchment Date Category Equipment proposed Basin Lat. Long. Area km² opened White E (DCP with tele-transmission via 1 Yarugu 41,550 10°59’ N 00°24' W 1962 1 Volta meteosat) White 2 Pwalagu 63,350 10°35’ N 00°51' W 1951 1 G (DCP without teletransmission) Volta White 3 Nawuni 92,950 09°42' N 01°05' W 1953 2 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) Volta White E (DCP with tele-transmission via 4 Daboya 93,320 09°32' N 01°21' W 1962 1 Volta meteosat) E (DCP with tele-transmission via 5 Sissili Wiase 9,500 10°20’ N 01°21’ W 1961 2 meteosat) E (DCP with tele-transmission via 6 Kulpawn Yagaba 10,600 10°14’ N 01°17’ W 1958 2 meteosat) Red 7 Nangodi 11570 10°52’00”N 00°37'W 1958 1 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) Volta Black E (DCP with tele-transmission via 8 Lawra 93,820 10°38’00”N 02°55’00”W 1951 1 Volta meteosat) Black E (DCP with tele-transmission via 9 Chache 09°10’00”N 02°43’00”W 1963 1 Volta meteosat) Black E (DCP with tele-transmission via 10 Bui Dam 123,000 08°17’00”N 02°14’00”W 1965 1 Volta meteosat) Black 11 Bamboï 134,200 08°09’ N 02°02' W 1950 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) Volta E (DCP with tele-transmission via 12 Oti Saboba 53,090 09°36' N 00°19' E 1963 1 meteosat) 13 Pru Asubende 6,355 07°59 N 0°53' W 1957 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) 14 Afram Afram 1 G (DCP without teletransmission) Akosombo E (DCP with tele-transmission via 15 Volta 06°18’05”N 00°04’08”E 1956 1 Dam meteosat) Akosombo B (Gauge reader equipped with GSM 16 Volta 06°18’00”N 00°04’00”E 1962 1 Aval cell phone)
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 94
White Volta Basin
The Yarugu station is the upper-most station on the White Volta Basin in Ghana and it captures flows from Burkina Faso downstream of the Bagre dam. The station is useful for transboundary water governance issues and will be equipped with a DCP with tele-transmission facilities.
The Nangodi station is located on the Red Volta River in Ghana and captures flows entering Ghana from Burkina Faso. It is an important station with respect to issues relating to water governance. This station would be equipped with staff gauges and a gauge reader.
YARUGU The Pwalugu station is on the White NANGODI Bawku Hamalé Navrongo Volta basin is located downstream of the Tumu Garu
V
o
V
l
Bolgatanga t o Han a l confluence of the White and the Red t
a Walembele Nakpanduri Volta Rivers. It has long record of data LAWRA Ku lp Finn a w WIASI Wiasi PWALAGU V n V o o Wawjawga (opened 1951). Data from this station, lt l a ta YAGABA Nasia Wa among others, is used to forecast flows N Pigu o Gushiago i r e into the Volta Lake for the operation of NAWUNI Ga DABOYA Savelugu SABOBA the Akosombo reservoir. Under the Sekoleg Daboya Volta-HYCOS project, it will be Tamale Sang Yendi Sawla Zabzugu equipped with a digital water level CHACHE Nterso Damongo Bole recorder. Wangasi-Turu Bimbila
Mpaha Noire D a i The Wiase and Yagaba stations are ka t O a
t l Kabago o Salaga located on the Sissili and the Kulpawn BUI DAM V BAMBOI Banda Bamboi Rivers respectively. The two rivers ASUBENDEYeji Kintampo Chindiri Pru meet before their confluence with the Sampa Prang Dumbai Noire White Volta about 20 kilometers Wenchi Kwadjokrom in upstream of the Nawuni station. These Ta Lac Volta Sunyani AFRAMSO Wamanfo Nkenkaasu stations give information on the local Ntoaboma
A Bechem f flows expected from the two tributaries. o ra Amankwakrom n m Kpandu ia a Jamasi B T Tepa Forifon The stations will be equipped with Goaso Agogo Kumasi Have DCPs with Meteosat tele-transmission fin O Bompata Ho Adowso facilities. Bibiani Bekwai AKOSOMBO DAM Buaku a Nkawkaw Pr im AKOSOMBO AVAL Awaso Obuasi ir B Kibi V Dzodze Koforidua o Dadiaso lta The Nawuni station is important from Dunkwa Kade Keta Ayenfuri Oda Nwasam Dawa the point of view of water supply for Jamuro Asamankese Foso Tema Bawdia Ade Tamale Township. It is one of the Swedru Prestea Manso ACCRA stations used in forecasting flows into Winneba Tarkwa the Volta Lake for the management of Elubo Krabo Saltpond Cap Coast Half Assini Sekondi-Takoradi Kumasi Regional hydrological office the Volta Lake. The station has long Esiama Axim records that date as far back as 1953. Tele-transmitted station Staff gauges and a gauge reader are proposed for this station. 0 50 100 km Station without tele-transmission
Volta basin catchment boundary The Daboya station controls the flows from the White Volta into the Volta Lake. It is also the site for a proposed hydropower dam. Some irrigation schemes are also proposed within the area. The station is important for forecasting flows into the Volta Lake and also for and will be provided with a DCP with Meteosat tele-transmission facilities.
Lower Volta Basin
The Asubende station captures flows into the Volta Lake. It is important for forecasting flows into the Volta Lake. This category 2 station and would be equipped with a digital water level recorder.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 95
The Aframso station is on the Afram River which flows into the Volta Lake directly. It is a also important for forecasting flows for the management of the Volta Lake. This station would be equipped with a digital water level recorder.
The station on the Akosombo dam is a category 1 station. It will enable real time monitoring of the biggest lake within the Volta river system. The station would be equipped with a DCP with tele- transmission facilities.
The station downstream of the Akosombo dam monitors the discharges of the Volta into the sea. Flow variations at this station would give an idea of the combined effect of both the consumptive uses of water and the effect of climate variability and change on the lows. It is a category 1 station that will be equipped with staff gauges, a gauge reader who will be supplied with a mobile phone.
Oti Basin
The Saboba station controls the major part of the inflows from the Oti River into Ghana from Togo. It is of regional interest. The Oti River contributes significant flows into the Volta Lake and so the Saboba station is very important with respect to flow forecasts into the Lake for the management of Volta Lake. The station will be equipped with a DCP with Meteosat tele-transmission facilities.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 96 MALI
Mali accounts for 3% of the Volta basin area and this is essentially represented by the upper Sourou basin. Under this programme, it is the regional interest that is taken into consideration. The three proposed stations help to monitor the trends of the Sourou dam level and to forecast the inflows from the upper basin. Here, Malians are more interested in information from the Mouhoun upper basin stations in Burkina Faso, Samandéni and Nwokui which allow better prediction of floods levels on the Sourou Lake level.
Station characteristics River N° Station Catchment Date Category Equipment proposed Basin Lat. Long. Area km² opened 1955 / 1 Sourou Baï 13°39' N 03°23' W 3 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) 1996 1956 / 2 Sourou Goéré 3 D (Radio Transmission) 1996 To be E (DCP with tele-transmission via 3 Sourou Pléto 1 created meteosat)
The Bai station on the Sourou River provides information on the Malian inflows into the Sourou dam. It is a category 2 station and would be equipped with staff gauges and a gauge reader under the Volta- HYCOS project. The Goere and Pleto stations are situated downstream of the Bai station. They are both both useful for managing irrigation works in the Sourou valley. The Pleto station will measure the flows from the upper Sourou cactchment into the Sourou dam in Burkina Faso. The Goere station would be equipped with a radio system for the transmission of daily water level reads by the gauge reader. The Pleto station will be equipped with a DCP with tele-transmission facilities via Meteosat.
Taoudenni BAÏ
Tessalit
Abeibara Araouane GOERE Kidal Ti-n-Zaouâtene
E z g Niger u Bourem e Tombouctou r e t Tidamène Goundam Gourma - Rharous Gao Niafounké PLETO Ménaka Ansongo Nioro Nara Yélimané Mampala Youvarou Douentza Kayes Diéma Mopti Sévaré Niono BAÏ Bandiagara Bafoulabé Mourdiah Koro
F a l Bankass GOERE é Djenné m Ségou e Kita Banamba ani Kéniéba B Kati Koulikoro San Tominian PLETO BAMAKO Koutiala
é
l Kangaba u Yorosso o Dioila
a
B
Bougouni
Yanfofila Sikasso Kolondiéba Kadiolo
Mopti Regional hydrological office
0 200 400 km Tele-transmitted station
Station without tele-transmission
Volta basin catchment boundary
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 97 TOGO Sinkassé
The area of the Volta Basin occupied by Dapaong MANDOURI Togo represents 6.5% of the total area of Nano BORGOU the basin but is equivalent to 45% of the Tandjouaré i t O country’s territory. It basically Mogou comprises the Oti Basin. Eleven (11) MANGO Koumon stations have been retained in this gou Nadoba KOUMONGOU Kéra programme for Togo. n TITIRA Takpamba Kandé N'NABOUPI POUDA The Mandouri station on the Oti helps Katchamba Niamtougou Pagouda KPESSIDE to determine the inflows from Benin Guérin- Kandjo Kouba Kar into Togo. It is a category 2 station and a KARA Kara would be equipped with a digital water Kabou Bafilo Bassar level recorder. Dimori Aléhéridé
Baghan Tchamba Mô Sokodé The MANGO station monitors the flow no o BONGOULOU M of the Oti from Togo into Ghana. This Lama Balanka Déssi O g station would be equipped with a DCP Fazao o u Tindjassé with remote data transmission via Sotouboua satellite (Meteosat).
Blitta Yanda
The KARA station helps to forecast Yégué Langabou Kamiha A n flood water level in the upper basin of Assoukoko ié the Kara. Provision has been made to Efofami Sérégbéné Anié Kolo equip the station with a digital water KESSIBO Kopé Barrage level recorder. de Nangbeto Atakpamé Badou Lom Amiamé Nava Glei Kpékplémé The N’Naboupi station is located M o n further downstream on River Kara. It is Kara Regional hydrological office Haito o Adéta a category 2 station that would be Agbatitoé Asrama Tohoun equipped with staff gauges and a gauge Tele-transmitted station Kpalimé Agou Notsé reader. Gadzépé Gamé Gboto Station without tele-transmission Nyitoé Gapé Tabligbo The Koumongou station on Batoumé Kévé Tsévié Koumongou and the Titira on the Keran Volta basin catchment boundary Z io Vogan are the two stations retained on the Lac Noépé Togo River Keran. They are both category 2 0 40 80 km Aného stations which contribute flows into the LOME Oti River. The Koumongou station would be equipped with a digital water level recorder while that on the Titira would be equipped with staff gauges and a gauge reader.
The Bongoulou station on River Mo would monitor flows into Ghana. This station is a category 2 station. There is provision to equip the station with a DCP with Meteosat tele-transmission facilities. This station was first opened in 1969 under the Onchocercaisis Control Programme (OCP).
Finally, the station of Kessibo will allow for the monitoring of flows from the Wawa into the Volta Lake, from Togo.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 98 Station characteristics N° River Station Catchment Date Category Proposed Equipment Lat. Long. Area (km²) opened E (DCP with tele-transmission via 1 Oti Mango 35 650 10°18' N 00°28' E 1955 1 meteosat) 2 Oti Mandouri 29 100 10°50' N 00°51' E 1959 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) 3 Sansargou Borgou 2 240 10°45' N 00°34' E 2 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) 4 Koumongou Koumongou 6 730 10°12' N 00°27' E 1959 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) 5 Kéran Titira 3 695 10°00' N 01°07' E 1962 2 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) 6 Binah Pouda 3 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) 7 Kara N'Naboupi 5 200 09°54' N 00°34' E 1972 2 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) 8 Kara Kara 1 560 09°32' N 01°11' E 1954 2 G (DCP without teletransmission) 9 Kpélou Kpéssidé 2 790 09°37' N 00°57' E 1961 3 A (Staff gauges + Gauge reader) E (DCP with tele-transmission via 10 Mô Bongoulou 2 630 09°01' N 00°41' E 1965 2 meteosat) 11 Wawa Kessibo 2 G (DCP without teletransmission)
1.5 Standards of the Volta-HYCOS gauging stations
One of the objectives of this HYCOS operation and therefore of Volta-HYCOS is to guarantee the quality of the data on the most important stations of the Volta River Basin. The quality of these data starts with the quality of the gauge readings, which also depends on the field installations and the method of management and observation. Under this project, this quality guarantee implies similar criteria of installation, control and exploitation for all the stations. These criteria include the following specifications: Compulsory Presence of an Observer No matter the type of equipment installed at a station, each station should have an observer. If the station is equipped with a DCP, the observer shall ensure a back up control for the data base and its recording shall enable the possible corrections. The gauge reader shall also ensure the safety of the equipment at the station. Presently, the theft of solar panels is the main cause of the breakdowns of the tele-transmitted networks in Africa. The level of remuneration of the gauge readers should be sufficiently lucrative to attractive and maintain them. Each gauge reader must be in a position to conduct additional observations such as rainfall and possibly note water withdrawals. It is also imperative to frequently and regularly forward to the NHS all the water levels and rainfall data measured at the station. Staff Gauges in good conditions The staff gauges are the key elements at a hydrometric station. It is indispensable for these gauges to be well set and this setting should remain stable over time. The relationship between the levels recorded on the gauge and those recorded by the sensor can present substantive differences, especially during flood periods. In fact, the sensor records the hydro-static pressure above its element which is generally located at the level of the low water period. During the flood period, the levels of the water read on the gauges elements which are placed on the banks and sometimes far from the main river bed. For some rivers, differences of more than 10 cm can be recorded between the gauge reading and the sensor without having the quality of the sensor questioned. In this case, it is the reading on the gauge which should be taken into account because it is that one which controls the quantity of discharge. For such stations, the gauges should be well set, readable and linked to a temporary bench marks that are easily retrievable, and it is necessary to make sure that their present setting corresponds well to the setting existing at each period of flood flow measurements.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 99 Bench marks Each station should have several bench marks so as to enable the conduct periodic control measurements of the following: - Gauge zero bench mark - bench mark for cross-sectional profile for the staff gauges - bench mark for cross-sectional profiles during flood flow measurements - bench mark for the profile at low flow levels, possibly downstream. All these bench marks are inter-connected among themselves and positioned on the topographic survey of the station. Cross sectional profiles regularly conducted On each station, a certain number of topographic surveys shall be conducted at the beginning of the program during the first field trip. On this occasion, a across profile shall be conducted at the level of the gauges. If profiles were previously conducted and if the previous locations can be found, it will be necessary to conduct subsequent profiles at the same location. All these profiles must be connected to the location marker and must be expressed in a single connection system. Flood flow measuring site On these stations, the flood flow measurement sites should be kept clean and free. As much as possible, the access to this site by vehicle is to be developed and kept in good conditions. Float gauging For a certain number of stations which are difficult to access or difficult for flood flow measurements, it will be necessary to prepare a float gauging base with markers fixed on both banks. Rain gauges Each station should be equipped with a rain gauge which shall be read by the gauge reader. This device should be managed according to the following norms of the Meteorological Service of the country. In most cases, the rain gauge is placed in the compound of the observer so as to ensure its security. The rainfall data must be forwarded to the NHS at the same periods that gauge heights are submitted. Note book Boxes Each station should be equipped with a notebook box similar to the letter boxes fixed on the wall of the compound of the observer. This box is locked with a padlock with figures or letters and contains the note books of the water levels and the daily rainfall figures. This enables the visiting NHS teams to take note of the data recorded even in the absence of observer. Possible Water Sampling At some stations, the observers must be able to conduct water sampling at a specific time intervals. Standard observation note books A standard note book for recording water levels must be utilized for all the stations ("Volta-HYCOS" model). It must enable the inscription of at least three readings a day with the real time of the measurements. They must include three duplicates per month. On this notebook, there must be a provision for the numbering of the hydrometric stations. Maintenance of Station The area immediately around the station should be kept clean by the observer, especially the site around DCP installation and the related sensors.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 100 Station File Each station must have a file in which the documents relating to the previous and current measurements kept. This file must include the latest topographic surveys conducted as well as the complete data sheet of the installation of the DCP. A routine maintenance data sheet must be developed for each station. It shall be taken along for each field trip by the team visiting the station. On this data sheet, there will be information required to understand the hydrological operation as well as the details relating to the installed equipment. This document shall also include the current rating curve.
2. RAINFALL MEASUREMENTS UNDER VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT 2.1 Introduction As part of the wishes expressed by the countries during the planning stages of the Volta-HYCOS project, rainfall measurements were to be incorporated into the Volta-HYCOS project. This is important as HYCOS programmes generally have a flood warning system which can be improved if both hydrological and hydro meteorological data, especially rainfall, are available. In each of the participating counties, rainfall is one of the hydro meteorological parameters measured by the Meteorological Services Department or Agency. However, to improve access to rainfall data at selected stations for flood forecasting purposes and for other hydrological analysis, 13 automatic 27 manual rainfall stations have been proposed for inclusion in the Volta-HYCOS monitoring programme.
2.2 Current Situation on Rainfall Measurement Hydrometeorological data is collected in each of the six Volta basin countries by their respective Meteorological Services Departments or Agencies. The various Meteo Services in the Volta basin countries have a system of transmitting the data collected from the synoptic stations to the collecting centres via radio phones (this is the case in Ghana). Subsequently, from the collecting centres the data is transmitted via satellite manually (Meteosat) through ACMAD in Niamey to global network centres, from where the data is re- transmitted to all the collecting centres.
2.3 Rainfall Measurements in the framework of the Volta-HYCOS project 2.3.1 Objective The objective of the rainfall measurement programme being proposed under the Volta- HYCOS project is to establish a set of easily available rainfall dataset that can be used for flood forecasting and other hydrologic analysis. The data from the national Meteorological services will still be very useful for various hydrological analyses.
2.3.2 Choice of Rainfall Stations The rainfall measurement stations will be located close to the hydrometric stations to enable daily reading and maintenance by the gauge reader employed for the hydrometric station. This will also facilitate the connection of the automatic rain gauges to the data loggers used for transmitting the hydrometric data. The automatic rain gauges will be installed only at sites for which the measurements could be used for flood forecasting purposes as needed for the management of dams and other hydraulic structures.
2.3.3 Frequency of Measurement For the manual rain gauges, the rainfall will be measured once a day at 09:00Hrs. The automatic rain gauges will be connected to data loggers to have the rainfall transmitted via satellite (Meteosat).
2.3.4 Equipment The equipment to be used for measuring rainfall shall be manual and automatic rain gauges.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4 101
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document
ANNEX 4.1
SURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAMME UNDER THE VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT
INTRODUCTION During the planning meeting of the Volta-HYCOS project held in March 2005 at Ouagadougou, the participating countries expressed the wish to have water quality monitoring in cooperated into the hydrological observation system of the project. The Volta HYCOS project intends to establish a surface water quality sampling network in the Basin to establish baseline water quality conditions in the basin. The programme will be complemented by national water quality monitoring programmes in the participating countries within the basin.
1. WATER QUALITY STATUS IN THE VOLTA RIVER BASIN Although there is little information on water quality within the Volta River Basin, the degradation of water quality is perceived to be an important issue in the basin. The possible sources of pollution identified are: ¾ Pollution from agricultural activities related to the use of fertilizers and pesticides notably in irrigated areas developed downstream of dams, poor farming practices and land use practices, overgrazing by animals, notably sheep and cattle, bush burning all contribute to intensify the erosion of soils and the transfer of pollutants from runoff and result in sedimentation. ¾ Domestic pollution, particularly from development around urban centre ¾ Industrial pollution from industries located within the basin (notably textiles, tanneries and breweries) ¾ Pollution from mining activities, which sometimes result the accidental spillage or leakage of toxic chemicals like cyanide into water bodies These different of pollution sources have a negative impact on the water use (water supply mainly) and on the environment, resulting in degradation of water quality, biodiversity loss and proliferation of aquatic weeds. Surface water resources are shared throughout the basin, making the degradation of water quality a strongly transboundary problem. ¾ Pollution is distributed throughout the waterways, ¾ Land clearing in upstream countries has downstream effects.
2. CURRENT SITUATION ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES Currently, out of the six riparian countries of the Volta basin, it is only Burkina Faso that has a surface water quality monitoring network with about twenty stations established and maintained by the Directorate General for Water Resources (DGRE). In Ghana, water quality data exist on the Volta basin but the measurements have been undertaken under different projects and at different times. The water quality data /information is neither continuous nor at one location. There is truly no surface water quality monitoring network that is maintained on the Volta basin. Similarly, Cote d’Ivoire and Mali do not have any surface water quality metering sites within the Volta basin. In Togo and Benin water quality measurements are essentially carried out on groundwater samples (used for potable purposes).
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4.1 105
3. SURFACE WATER QUALITY MONITORING IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT
3.1 Objective The objective of the water quality monitoring programme being proposed under the Volta-HYCOS project is to establish baseline conditions in water quality in the basin. The monitoring will enable the establishment of trends in water quality of the river water and the eventual detection of signs of degradation in the basin. The monitoring programme will make available baseline water quality for transboundary rivers at the exit or entrance of riparian countries.
3.2 Choice of Metering Stations The water quality metering stations will be located close to the hydrometric stations to be metred in the frame work of the Volta-HYCOS project for easy accessibility. Physical and chemical conditions of rivers are in fact strictly connected to their hydrometric regime. The criteria for the choice of the metering stations include the follows: - Sites situated on transboundary water courses leaving or entring countries; - Sites situated downstream of major agricultural activities or irrigation sites where agricultural pollution is suspected; - Stations controlling flow into the Volta Lake. The following 28 metering sites are proposed in each country. The choice of the sites will be confirmed in consultation with the NHSs in each country and any existing water quality metering programmes.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4.1 106
Stations coordinates N° Country BV (River) Stations
Long Lat
BENIN 1 BENIN Pendjari Porga 10°58' N 00°58' E 2 BENIN Magou Tiele 10°43' N 01°12' E
BURKINA FASO
3 BURKINA FASO Mouhoun Samandéni 11°28' N 04°28' W 4 BURKINA FASO Mouhoun Nwokuy 12°31' N 03°33' W Barrage du Sourou 5 BURKINA FASO Sourou (Pont de Léry) 12°45' N 03°26' W 6 BURKINA FASO Mouhoun Boromo 11°47' N 02°55' W 7 BURKINA FASO Mouhoun Ouessa 11°01' N 02°49' W 8 BURKINA FASO Mouhoun Noumbiel 9°41' N 02°46' W 9 BURKINA FASO Nakambé Wayen 12°23' N 01°05' W
10 BURKINA FASO Nakambé Aval Bagré barrage
11 BURKINA FASO Pendjari Arly 11°26' N 01°34' E 12 BURKINA FASO Kompienga Aval Kompienga barrage 11°10' N 00°38' E
COTE D'IVOIRE
13 COTE D'IVOIRE Volta Noire Tagadi 8° 47 N 2°36 W
14 COTE D'IVOIRE Niangala Rte Tagadi
GHANA
15 GHANA White Volta Yarugu 10°59’ N 00°24' W 16 GHANA White Volta Daboya 09°32' N 01°21' W 17 GHANA Red Volta Nangodi 10°52’00”N 00°37'W 18 GHANA Black Volta Lawra 10°38’00”N 02°55’00”W 19 GHANA Black Volta Bamboï 08°09’ N 02°02' W 20 GHANA Oti Saboba 09°36' N 00°19' E 21 GHANA Volta Akosombo Aval 06°18’00”N 00°04’00”E
MALI
22 MALI Sourou Baï 13°39' N 03°23' W 23 MALI Sourou Pléto 13°22’ N 03°28’ W
TOGO
24 TOGO Oti Mango 10°18' N 00°28' E 25 TOGO Koumongou Koumongou 10°12' N 00°27' E 26 TOGO Kara N'Naboupi 09°54' N 00°34' E 27 TOGO Kara Kara 09°32' N 01°11' E
28 TOGO Mô Bongoulou 09°01' N 00°41' E
Table A4.1.1: List of proposed water quality monitoring stations for the Volta-HYCOS Project
3.3 PARAMETERS TO BE MEASURED The parameters to be measured in the framework of the Volta-HYCOS water quality monitoring network are the following: - Temperature - pH - Conductivity - Dissolved Oxygen - Suspended solids
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4.1 107 3.4 FREQUENCY OF MEASUREMENT The water quality parameters listed previous will be measured once a month. The water quality measurements will be undertaken during the planned visits to the hydrometric stations for flow measurements, inspections or other installation works.
3.5 STANDARD MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES/QUALITY ASSURANCE To ensure homogeneity and coherence in the water quality measurements from the different countries, standard measurement procedures will be developed by the PRC and given to the NHSs.
3.6 EQUIPMENT The equipment to be used for measuring the water quality parameters enumerated earlier on will consist of water quality portable kits. To measure suspended solids, turbiditimeters will be bought in the countries. Every regional hydrological center will be equipped with such material.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 4.1 108 Volta-HYCOS – Project Document
ANNEX 5
TRAINING PROGRAMME
TRAINING PROGRAMME 1. GENERAL OBJECTIVES The proposed training under the Volta-HYCOS project aims at establishing a permanent structure for training in operational hydrology in the sub-region. The proposed programme should allow the implementation of all the defined modules: training of trainers and initial training workshops by the trainers. These modules are the same as those proposed for the Niger-HYCOS programme. As the implementation of the Niger and Volta-HYCOS programmes will run concurrently (although Volta- HYCOS project started later), attempts have been made to harmonise the two training programmes. It is advisable to envisage common modules for the Anglophone participants from the two countries, Nigeria and Ghana. These workshops will target officials and personnel of the Hydrological Services Departments involved in the Volta-HYCOS programme and will be conducted in modules. Some are designed for field hydrometric measuring personnel and those in charge of routine analysis of data. Others, meant for senior technicians and engineers, will treat topics on network management and advanced data processing. Two specialised training modules on modelling and the application of satellite-based data to water resources management (M8 and M9) are however open to the staff other national institutions (e.g. dam managers). They are designed for specific users of hydrologic data who will apply the results to the benefit of their countries after the training programme. The modules include theory and field work. The training modules which are targeted at the operational hydrologists will initially be administered to the future trainers, who will have to organise similar sessions thereafter in their respective departments. Complete documentation will be provided on each module with regard to the theoretical lessons and lectures as well as the printed materials required to undertake the measurements and monitoring exercises, as they have been taught. These training modules are planned to be conducted at the PRCs of Volta-HYCOS and Niger- HYCOS. Further discussions will be held with Niger-HYCOS to have joint training programmes, especially for those training modules which have not yet been organised by Niger-HYCOS.
2. PROPOSED MODULES N°1 LIMNIMETRY N°2 TOPOGRAPHY N°3 FLOW MEASUREMENTS N°4 RATING CURVES N°5 ADCP GAUGING N°6 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS INSTALLATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONIC DCPs WITH N°7 TELETRANSMISSION N°8 HYDROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT N°9 DATABASE MANAGEMENT AND PROCESSING CHAIN INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AT THE REGIONAL AND N°10 NATIONAL LEVEL N°11 WEBSITE MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE N°12 HYDROLOGICAL MODELING USE OF SATELLITE BASED INFORMATION FOR WATER RESOURCES N°13 PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 5 111 3. CONTENTS OF THE TRAINING MODULES
MODULE N°1: LIMNIMETRY Role of River gauging stations in Hydrology Different types of River gauging stations Notions on river portion and control threshold Criteria for the selection of a River gauging stations Siting of River gauging station Determination of the maximum level Installation of station Rough sketch and plan of station Volta-HYCOS norms MODULE N°2: TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY General principles of the topographic survey used in hydrology Use of different types of leveling instruments and new materials Use of different survey note books Rapid and precise reading practice of the staff Process and closing Control of setting of staff Execution of cross-sectional profiles Execution of longitudinal profiles Leveling for flood damages Topographic surveys of a station Manual and computerized graphical presentation from the field measurements Running and Maintenance of Instruments MODULE N°3: DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS Flow measurements with current meter Flood flow measurements using Boat Low Flow Measurements Gauging with cableway and cable car Flow calculations from measurements Manual graphical calculations Automatic calculations of flows from measurement data Use of Floats in flow measurements Flood flow measurements Principles Execution method Graphical method of flow calculation Direct methods Flow measurements with ADCP Search for the maximum flood level and calculation of flood discharge on the basis of field parameters. Use of the Manning-Strickler formula Construction of theoretical rating curves MODULE N°4: RATING CURVES Construction of rating curves from flow measurements Search and field analysis of the various hydrological characteristics of a hydrometric station Critics of a series of measurements of water level at a hydrometric station Critics of a series of flow measurement data Re-valorization of old data Methods for the control of the values of the average discharges among the stations Extension of Rating Curves
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 5 112 MODULE N°5: ADCP GAUGING Presentation of the method, limitation of its use Presentation of the equipment Different modes of installation Initialization Operation Interpretation of the images on the field Downloading of the field data Working on the data at the office level with the software WinRiver MODULE N°6: INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS Basic notations of electricity and electronics Binary language Presentation of the main components Solar power supply Principles and operation of the sensors Programming of data acquisition systems (data loggers) Practical works and current repairs MODULE N°7: INSTALLATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONIC DCPS WITH TELETRANSMISSION Operating principle Revision of the basic notations in electricity with practical works and measurement Dismantling and assembling of a device Control of the transmitters and development of parameters Fault tracing and repairs Selection of the installation sites Field installation of the devices Presentation and use of the field management data sheets The use of the memory cards and data retrieval Introduction to the management and monitoring of the equipment and components Retrieval of data tele-transmitted via Internet MODULE N°8: HYDROLOGICAL EXPERTISE Network design Rules governing the management of simple hydrometric network Rules governing the management of a tele-transmitted network Optimization of networks Valorization of network data Organization of a Hydrological Service MODULE N°9: DATA BASE MANAGEMENT AND COMPUTER SCIENCE Notions of data base Organization of classical hydrological data base Organization of WISE-HYDRO type hydrological servers Training of hydrological processing chain managers Utilization of hydrological statistical software MODULE N°10: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AT THE REGIONAL AND NATIONAL LEVEL Water resources and development Water resources and health Water Resources Planning Legal aspects of trans-boundary water resources management
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 5 113 MODULE N°11: WEB SITE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE Use of a Web page editor Modification of existing pages Creation of new pages Exploitation of statistics MODULE N°12: HYDROLOGY MODELING Contribute to the production of new hydrological products for hydrological monitoring in the basin through the use of the hydrological models and more particularly through the adaptation of, say, GeoSFM hydrological model on some portions of the Volta basin. Contribute to providing the basin with a seasonal forecasting model of flows to be integrated in a warning system within selected reaches of the Volta basin. MODULE N°13: USE OF SATELLITE BASED INFORMATION FOR WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
- Application of satellite based data for delimiting wetlands, flooding, and water management. - Application of remote sensing to groundwater exploration techniques (to lower the number of unsuccessful drillings for groundwater). - Remote sensing and satellite based information application to estimating evapo-transpiration. - Application of remote sensing in estimating sediment transport in large rivers. Due to budget constraints, the training modules initially planned have been regrouped in order to enable the conduct of a maximum of six training sessions on the basis of the funds available. This has also become necessary, as it is the approach adopted by Niger-HYCOS. In order to ensure the possibility of joint training sessions, the same modules need to be adopted. The modules have been put together as indicated in the table below.
INSTITUTION IN CHARGE GROUPING TITLE OF THE TRAINING M1 = 1 & 2 LIMNIMETRY AND TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY FLOW MEASUREMENTS WITH ADCP AND WITH CUURENT M2 = 3 & 5 METER M3 = 4 ESTABLISHMENT OF RATING CURVES INSTALLATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONIC M4 = 6 & 7 DCPs M5 = 9 DATA BASE MANAGMENT AND COMPUTER SCIENCE M6 = 8 & 10 HYDROLOGICAL EXPERTISE AND IWRM WEB SITE MAINTENACE AND DEVELOPMENT OF M7 = 11 HYDROLOGICAL PRODUCTS M8 = 12 HYDROLOGY MODELING USE OF SATELLITE BASED INFORMATION FOR WATER M9 = 13 RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
In the first instance the first 7 training modules will be organised. The remaining two training modules (M8 and M9) will be organised subject to availability of complementary funds. The eighth and ninth training modules are designed for specific users of hydrologic data who will apply the results to the benefit of their countries. These training modules will not be reorganised at the national level.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 5 114 4. PRACTICAL ORGANISATION
4.1 GENERAL REMARKS The modules are completely distinct of one another. The sessions will generally be organised at the PRCs of Volta-HYCOS and Niger-HYCOS. Some of the field modules require the availability of hydrological measuring facilities as well as easily accessible sites near the training venue. Flood measurement stages have to be organized during flood periods. The selection criteria can be more flexible for the more theoretical modules, but expertise and availability of training material will always remain the priority criteria. Once the initial workshops have been conducted for trainers, the latter would start conducting workshops in their respective countries. The organisation of certain modules requiring equipment also presupposes that such equipment should be in good working order. Provision will be made for repairs as part of the training budget. A full set of equipment will be set in the PRC (in the campus of 2iE/Groupe EIER-ETSHER), presenting the prototypes of the different stations installed on the field, as well as other existing solutions of hydrological measurement. The training courses would be conducted at the start of the Volta-HYCOS programme and synchronised with the advancement of the programme. The modules on limnimetry and topographic survey will be organised first. This is to ensure that the rehabilitation works on the stations and measurements in the field are properly done. It will be advisable to particularly ensure that the training courses for the Ghanaian trainers are conducted in English and that the training materials and various prints are translated so as to take into account the hydrological specificities of the country.
4.2 SUPERVISION OF WORKSHOPS ¾ Training of trainers The workshop should be conducted by a specialist (the services of a consultant may be engaged) with the assistance of a deputy. The training of trainers will be carried by IRD, 2iE/EIER-ETSHER Group and the trainers from Niger-HYCOS project (NBA and AGHRYMET) for the joint training programmes with Niger-HYCOS. Consultants can be called upon to deliver specific modules. The trainees will become the future national trainers and would be selected from each country. The selected personnel must have the experience in the selected module. The training modules in limnimetry, topographic survey or measurements will be attended by supervisory personnel who are well versed in the field. Proficiency workshops are not meant for personnel without experience in hydrometry. The same holds for the other more specialised modules. ¾ In-country workshops Each trainee will take back to his country all the teaching materials that will help him to quickly organise a training course on the module for which he was trained. These training workshops must be attended as a priority by personnel who will be called upon to work on the Volta-HYCOS project sites. It will be desirable to repeat certain training modules several times during the three-year life of the Volta-HYCOS project. Additional funding would be solicited so as to fund the seventh module, modelling training and any other training needs to be identified later.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 5 115 5. BUDGET The training activities initially envisaged under this Volta-HYCOS programme are divided into two phases: 1. Training of national trainers in (7 training modules and 2 additional modules). 2. Organisation of the 9 modules by the trainers in each member country of the programme.
¾ The cost of organising the 9 (7+2) training modules for the trainers is estimated at 75 680 € (This includes the cost of training equipment) ¾ The estimated cost of organising these 9 (7+2) modules per country is 75 390 € ¾ The total cost of these training activities for the 6 countries is estimated at 151 070 €
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 5 116 Volta-HYCOS – Project Document
ANNEX 6
HYDROLOGICAL DATA PROCESSING SOFTWARE AND DEFINITION OF PRODUCTS TO BE DESIGNED BY THE VOLTA-HYCOS PROGRAMME
HYDROLOGICAL DATA PROCESSING SOFTWARE
1. CONTEXT The hydrological data is necessary for many types of development projects. In order to achieve its objectives, the Volta-HYCOS project must have data in sufficient quantity and quality, well distributed in space and time throughout the Volta River Basin and managed with robust tools and capable of developing a certain number of pertinent hydrological products. The situation of VBA member countries is characterized by a multitude of tools and a set of hydrological software provided to them by partners/projects or developed by the National Hydrological Services (HYDROM, HYDROMET, HYDRACCESS, etc.). In addition to the software, various equipments have also been made available to some countries (computers, sensors, etc). All these are aimed at the collection and management of information. They, however, remain insufficient or are poorly adapted to the objectives of the Volta-HYCOS project. The information collected from the questionnaires filled by the member countries enabled us to have a comprehensive idea of the situation so as to propose additional elements. 2. JUSTIFICATION OF THE STRATEGY For data collection and processing, there are several constraints at the level of the NHS. There are technical, methodological and institutional constraints. At the technical level: - Slow update of data - Technological difference among the countries - Insufficient training of users or absence of qualified officers. At the methodological level: - Data harmonization problems - Adequacy of tools with users needs - Nature and quality of the products developed. At the institutional level: - Problems of circulation of data among the technical services of the countries - Problems of access to data of the external services. The present technological changes (possibilities offered through Internet, etc.) do not make the existing situation efficient and compatible with the users’ needs.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 6 119 3. OVERALL DESIGN OF SOLUTION 3.1 OVERALL OBJECTIVE The overall objective is to develop a sustainable system of data collection and production of quality information to assist decision-making in the areas of hydrology and natural resources management. The software should be designed so as to be usable at the regional level and also at the level of each of the participating countries. It should make it possible to manage all the information relating to water resources in a given country and throughout the River Volta basin. - Hydrological data on surface waters - Hydro-geological data - Cartographic data - Water quality data - Meteorological data - Bibliographical data It should also enable all the basic processing of field information, their control, their interpretation and their safeguard. 3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES - To enhance data management at the national and regional levels - Automatic retrieval of some data from other applications or electronic devices (DCPs or hydrometric devices) - Sharing of information with other applications (data import/export) - To provide quality data at the national, regional and international levels - To enhance the information flows between the national partners and VBA - To reinforce the capacities of the national actors for the production of information for assistance to decision making - To facilitate the access to data to the research scientists and scientific organizations. 3.3 EXPECTED RESULTS - Consolidation of the existing data processing and archiving system - Harmonization and update of the data management tools - Creation of a forum of information exchange among the technical services - Development of pertinent products for assistance to decision making - Increase of the visibility of the available data and facilitation of access to data - Facilitation of access to basic or aggregate information for various users according to their specific needs: • Political decision makers • Officials of consulting firms and or development institutions • Officials of national hydrological services • Officials of regional hydrological institutions • Water-related international organizations • Research and university institutions • Etc…
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 6 120 A) CONSOLIDATION OF THE DATA COLLECTION MECHANISM DATA COLLECTION It relates to the data utilized under the framework of the activities of the VBA services and projects. More specifically, the data can be of the following natures: - Hydrological - Hydro-geological - Climatologic - GIS. DATA COLLECTION MECHANISMS There are three levels of data collection: - The basic data collected by the teams or regional structures of the countries - The centralization of data for the sake of analysis at the level of the national hydrological services or the national hydrological directorates which can be called “Data Integrating Unit” (DIU) - The concentration of data at the regional level for the sake of analysis, modelling, production and dissemination which can be called “Regional Data Base” (RDB). DATA INTEGRATION UNIT It serves as a forum for the exchange of the basic information produced by the various structures. To this effect, a coherent strategy of utilization of the basic data should be developed. The basic data available should include:
- The historical data colleted on the field by the regional structures, possibly completed by the data generated by the models which are well known by the users of these data. - The ad hoc data collected in the course of the year and not definitely validated which make it possible to have a situation of information on the present situation. The data of this Unit shall be utilized for the sake of analysis, simulation and assistance to decision making. So, the NHS can utilize coherent data for an endogenous production of information at the national level. Copy of these data shall be forwarded to The Regional Center for other analyses, development of products and dissemination at the international level. This system imposes:
- Utilization of a robust and safe DBMS - Definition of a clearly defined policy of access right ensuring the security and integrity of the data from the various users groups - Provision to the users of this Unit for valorisation with the volume of information contained it. - Capacity building for the administrators of this Unit. DATA EXCHANGE WITH THE REGIONAL PROJECT CENTER The data collected at the national level are forwarded to the RPC and integrated in the regional data base (RDB) for the sake of the monitoring of the hydrological season and the development of pertinent tools and hydrological models. The data collected are regularly archived so as to be restored in the event of incident. The products generated by these data and the meta-data shall be disseminated on Internet via the RPC Web site. The RPC shall scrupulously see to the respect of the agreements signed with the member countries as regards the regulation on the access to the data bases. B) HARMONIZATION OF DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE/TOOLS The harmonization of these tools/software with the countries consists in adopting common tools/software for data management. Such an approach would makes it possible to easily share data while reducing the number of steps required for their utilization. Furthermore, the historical series of hydrological data available nowadays in the countries are very important. In order to avoid a redundancy of information and to have a uniform data update, it is
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 6 121 necessary to have a unique, centralized and shared management system. So, it is indispensable to have a multi-post system. Under such conditions, it is necessary to have a DBMS, capable of supporting the databases of high capacity. On that issue, the DBMS under Oracle constitute tools of first choice and class in terms of second zone sub-platform. In addition to the characteristics stated above, this software should enable: - The management of all hydrological and climatic parameters - An easy utilization with elementary knowledge in computer science - To facilitate the exports towards various tools - To avoid difficulties (repeated and incoherent data) not managed by the current software of hydrological data management - To integrate all or part of functionalities of the old tools such as HYDROM utilized by the nearly all of the NHS of the member countries - Review of the gauging and processing of all the flow measurements at gauging stations so as to enable their control and expertise - To process data relating to lakes and dams - To have efficient modules of data control and generation of missing data - The standard publications (bulletins, diaries, specific notes, floods, low water periods) - To generate some situation maps which can be printed on the basis of the base - Etc. C) UPDATE OF DATA MANAGEMENT TOOLS/SOFTWARE In order to facilitate the maintenance and use of the software, it is expected that a Technical Resources Center shall be created via the web so that users will be in a position to access the latest versions of the software and download them. Also, a FAQ (the most frequently asked questions), examples of modules as well as well as teaching aids and manuals could be made available on the net so as to facilitate the use of the software. D) CREATION OF AN EXCHANGE FORUM AMONG SERVICE The forum of exchange among the technical services will consist of two components: - Exchange of data - Exchange of information. Such a system can be easily achieved through an extranet for the technical services. For the exchange of data: this relates to providing the technical services with a FTP server with easy access interface enabling the downloading and off-loading of data meant for the various users. For the exchange of information: this relates to creating a forum for the exchange of techniques among the local data administrators and also enabling the members of the network to keep themselves informed on the situation of the activities on their respective sites (data available, mobility of officials, etc.). E) DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT SYSTEMS FOR ASSISTANCE TO DECISION MAKING This specifically relates to software which makes it possible to value the contents of data bases and which generates products directly utilized in the production of reports. F) ENHANCEMENT OF VISIBILITY OF THE DATA AVAILABLE The purpose of this activity is to highlight in a sufficiently structured and complete manner, all the data available on the various Web sites so as to raise the interest of the potential users. The Web site of the project whose contents are defined in Annex 7 shall constitute in that respect a recommended tool.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 6 122 4. PRODUCTS TO BE DEVELOPED 4.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE The data available on the database of the acquired software will be used by the Volta-HYCOS programme to propose the development of a certain number of products that will provide synthesised and spatial information to the various operators of hydraulic structures who need the hydrological information. The development of these products shall be carried out by the Project Regional Centre in close cooperation with the NHSs of the participating countries and, if applicable with other institutions involved in data processing in the participating countries. The specifications of these products will be determined by the participating countries in the Volta-HYCOS programme in collaboration with the PRC. Special workshops will be organized to present and promote the products developed, collect users’ feedback and transfer to NHSs the technologies and tools for their development. These products should be designed for use at the regional level, but should also be usable internally for the national network by each of the Volta basin countries in the long run. These new products should allow different levels of users to find information that meets their needs and provide answers to their questions. In addition to the classic hydrological data, these tools must provide information and syntheses that are not available on standard processing software. Emphasis should be placed on synthetic display and cartographic restitution products. Environmental description of parameters will be taken into account so as to allow an early approach to national environmental problems. These applications should make it possible to edit information on the quality of source data found therein, based on indicators and criteria that have been established. These levels of information will differ according to the type of user. For example, they will allow hydrological services officials to visualise the state of updating of the stations in a region, basin or country. For an official from a sectoral ministry, this information will be summarised to allow him, for example, to note the important stations the measurement network depending on the information sought. This information will be different depending on whether one is interested in the flows, the volume of water in the dams or aquifers parameters or water quality. Products associated with the geographical location and management of dams will be proposed as well as the reconstitution of the natural flows of certain reaches or sub basins. A politician can obtain a graphic report or a report supported by figures on the hydrological flows leaving or entering the country for a given period. A reliability criterion, determined particularly by the quality of the data source, will be linked to all types of information. The newly established Volta Basin Authority (VBA) will be among the major users of data produced by the project at both decision making and operational level.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 6 123 4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF THE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF USERS OF THESE PRODUCTS ¾ Political decision-makers To be identified as political decision-makers are personalities such as Director Generals of Hydraulics, Agriculture, Environment, Energy Production, the Executive Director of the Volta Basin Authority, etc. These officials can gain access to synthesised and regularly updated information, including the following elements:
• Volume of water in the major dams • Report on water outflows to the riparian countries • Report on water Inflow into the country • Report on water level rise in all the major basins • Report on low water level on the major dams • Specific yield maps per basin • Map showing flows per province/region • Warning map • Current rainfall situation • Hydrological out looks based on climate out looks • The information available on the Volta HYCOS web site • Etc. For each of these menus, standard products are automatically proposed in consultation, with composition parameters defined by default depending on the date of consultation and from a table of options explained at the beginning of the session. If the official so desires, an order can allow him to modify the parameters defined by default. The proposed products will be common to all the countries. However, there will be room for specific variations adapted to the distinctive features of certain countries. Based on the decision of the relevant authorities, some of the products could be proposed through direct consultation on the Internet. ¾ Directors and Heads of Departments These officials can be directly contacted by the political decision-makers and should be able to quickly provide the latter with quality information. These technicians should find from these products modules that will help them to make the best use of the information and data gathered therein. Generally, the following principal structures can be found in each country:
• Department of water resources • Department of potable water supply • Department of agricultural hydraulics • Water resources centre • Department of research and projects The most affected department is the one in charge of collection of all data on the country’s water resources. Very often, this department has a hydrogeological unit. It is also responsible for data collection on water quality. Generally, the management of the big dams does not come under the direct supervision of this department. These officials look for information on the country’s hydrological status from a factual standpoint as well as other information on the progress of the tasks that form part of the responsibilities of their department. They will have at their disposal the products proposed for consideration by political decision-makers. Other additional products more oriented to their needs will be developed such as: • Studies on mean annual precipitations and their variability • Duration of dry spells • Natural characteristics of rivers • Minimum and maximum records for a given duration and for various variables
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 6 124 • Standardized mean specific flood discharges • Rating curves • Mean annual depth of runoff • Low flow time series and trends of runoff • Mean annual fluctuations and long term trends of groundwater table • Water balance • Water quality of rivers • Hydrological and flood forecasts • Technical maps (isohyetal, evapotranspiration, etc.). Other products, more tailored to the specific need of a user or group of users can be further developed, if necessary in cooperation with other partners (e.g. flood risk maps, evaluation of minimum ecological flow, etc). In order to ensure that products of regional can be smoothly developed by the PRC, these directors and heads of departments are responsible for ensuring that the project databank is fed correctly and at the appropriate time and that validated data are regularly supplied. With technical support from the Project Regional Centre, they are also in charge of the adaptation of regional products to the national context and of the development of the downstream products. They need to have access to all the bibliography concerning the studies and reports on the hydrology and major achievements. ¾ Central hydrological officials These officials are engineers or senior technicians responsible for the collection and classification of hydrological data to be used in feeding the national database and developing the various products that give an appreciation the hydrological data status of the country. All the functions of acquisition and routine management of hydrological data will be performed by processing software acquired under the Volta-HYCOS programme. The new products to be developed should allow the following publications to be made: • Publication of annuals reports with different format, • Publication of specific notes, e.g. on droughts and floods in the basin, • Publication of newsletters, and other communication addressed to the large public. All these publications will be automated from menus that can be programmed by the user. They should generate products that can be altered by “business edition software”.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 6 125
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document
ANNEX 7
ORGANISATION AND CONTENT OF THE VOLTA-HYCOS WEBSITE
ORGANISATION AND CONTENT OF THE VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT WEBSITE
In order to correctly fulfil its mission, this site must come as a real information portal on everything associated with the functioning of the Volta basin and group together specific headings and links to other complementary sources of information. The major headings proposed are as follows: 1. GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE BASIN Under this heading, one will find all geographical information that helps to describe the Volta basin, namely: ¾ Presentation of the various physical parts of the basin, ¾ Specific features of the basin such as recharge and discharge zones, ¾ Specific socio-economic features of the basin countries, ¾ Comparison of the Volta basin with other large river basins in Africa and worldwide, ¾ Major stakes, ¾ Big regional projects, ¾ Guided tour of the basin with pictures, ¾ Cartographic support of the tour, ¾ Downloading of a Power Point presentation of the basin. 2. HYDROLOGICAL REPORTING Under this heading, one will find all indications on the different hydrological reports of the Volta River starting from its source to its mouth. This heading will be prepared with historical and recent data series and will include: ¾ A presentation of the trend of monthly and annual volumes at the various typical points of the basin, during normal year and exceptional years, ¾ A presentation of the rise in water level explaining the genesis of the major events since the beginning of the observations, ¾ Summary of the main articles on changes in the river regime as well as possible repercussions of climatic change on the regime, ¾ An approach to the systems of production and exchange of water volumes among the riparian countries. 3. HYDROLOGICAL SITUATIONS Under this heading, one will find all relevant information that makes one have a fair idea of the trend of the hydrological situation for the current year. This heading imposes real-time processing of remotely transmitted hydrological data or quick return of information from the National hydrological Services Departments. The following information can be found under this heading: ¾ A monthly map of the flow situation of the major sub basins of the Volta, updated at the beginning of every month, ¾ A summary of the previous month’s situation, ¾ Presentation of the current hydrographs of all the stations covered by the Volta-HYCOS programme, ¾ A dynamic cartographic presentation of the location of all the existing hydrological stations covered by the Volta-HYCOS programme. From these maps, it should be possible to visualise, for the stations of the project, all the existing hydrographs of the previous years. For the other stations, one must access information that helps to identify the Department in possession of the data, with possible reference to the site of the relevant National Hydrological Services Department, if there is one,
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 7 129 ¾ A special heading for monitoring exceptional events such as tremendous floods and droughts or current pollution, ¾ A heading on flood forecasting. 4. HYDROGEOLOGICAL SITUATION This heading should help to visualise the situation of the major aquifers of the Volta basin. The following information could be found here: ¾ Location map of the principal aquifers and reserves of the basin, with indication of their storage capacity under normal conditions, ¾ Map of the current situation of the piezometric level, ¾ Comparison of the current situation with characteristic years. 5. DAMS IN THE VOLTA BASIN This heading will help to identify and locate the major dams in the Volta basin. Here, one can quickly visualise the water volume situation of the major dams. One can also visualise the characteristics, the role as well as the regulation capacities of each hydraulic structure. The following functionalities can also be found: ¾ List of major dams in the Volta basin, ¾ Location map of the dams, ¾ Table of the water volume situation of the most important dams, updated weekly, ¾ Summary of the principal sites of the big dams under review, with the characteristics of the equipment to be expected and indication of the potentialities for each country, ¾ Reconstitution of the natural flows in the major hydraulic structures currently in use, ¾ List of major Websites on big dams worldwide and in Africa in particular, ¾ Estimation of the anticipated impacts of the construction of big dams on the Volta River and its major tributaries, ¾ Heading “dam health” which proposes links to sites offering information on this topic, especially those in the Volta basin. 6. WATER QUALITY IN THE VOLTA This heading will help to publish the results of physico-chemical analysis conducted on the river by various national departments. One can find maps showing the major sources of pollution and their nature as well as the major pollutants. This information will be presented as follows: ¾ Map of the basin showing the known major sources of pollution, ¾ Map of the basin indicating the presence of the major pollutants, ¾ Table showing the pollution trends, ¾ Reference to major publications associated with these pollutions, ¾ Pollution control prospects and programmes, ¾ Links to sites that give more insight into these pollutions and propose detailed results.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 7 130 7. CLIMATIC DATA This heading will offer information on data that help to describe the climate of the different parts of the Volta River Basin. These products will help to show the trends in the current seasons and the average values of the various parameters. The following products can be found: ¾ Location map of the major rain gauges found in the Volta basin. About thirty stations will suffice. This interactive map should allow access to rainfall data of the current month compared with the inter-annual average, ¾ Publication of the monthly rainfall table of the last ten years for these stations, ¾ Addresses of Websites publishing rainfall data of the various Volta basin countries, ¾ Access to certain stations presenting temperature and humidity curves of the various parts of the Volta River basin. 8. MAJOR REGIONAL STAKEHOLDERS This heading will help to clearly identify the National Hydrological Services Departments, regional institutions and Meteorological Services Departments operating in the Volta basin. This information could be classified into the following headings: ¾ National Hydrological Services Departments, ¾ Regional Institutions, ¾ National Meteorological Services Departments. Under each of these headings, one should be able to find the Website address of the relevant department or a page presenting the department, its activities, address and a list of available information. The Volta-HYCOS project could coordinate the updating of these pages. 9. PROJECTS This heading will help to identify all the development or research projects associated with the Volta River: hydrological, water quality or environmental protection projects. These identifications will be proposed in the form of summaries or links to Websites describing them and could be presented on country basis or grouped together according to types of actions or donors. ¾ List or projects per country, ¾ List of projects according to types of action, ¾ List of projects according to donors, ¾ Location maps of the various projects. 10. TRAINING This heading will help to identify the various training courses that could be proposed to hydrologists in the WCA region or abroad. Each training course must be sufficiently documented with regard to the content and modalities of registration and participation. The following topics will be offered: ¾ List of training courses offered and detailed content, ¾ Downloadable documents. 11. TECHNOLOGY This heading will help to circulate a certain amount of information on hydrological engineering as well as standard instructions on management of the installations in accordance with HYCOS standards. The following topics can be found: ¾ List of major suppliers of hydrological materials, ¾ Information on new items and new systems,
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 7 131 ¾ Volta-HYCOS standards, ¾ Updated list and codes of all the hydrological stations in the participating countries, ¾ Presentation of software and processing chains usable in hydrology, ¾ On-line documentation and forum for exchange of experiences on the most used types of software. 12. HYDROLOGICAL DOCUMENTATION AND PUBLICATIONS This heading will help to list and locate all constructions, articles and documents related to the hydrology of the Volta River. This heading should also help to locate these documents and suggest modalities of consultation and acquisition. It will also propose a dynamic search organised according to themes and regions. ¾ Dynamic search for documents, ¾ Presentation of recently published articles and documents, ¾ Links to national sites offering information on their respective countries. 13. LIST OF RESEARCH PROGRAMMES This heading should help to identify ongoing or published research works on the hydrology or environmental conditions of the Volta River. The proposed headings are as follows: ¾ List of structures and research teams working on the Volta River basin or likely to participate in research work on topics related to the hydrology of the basin, ¾ List of African hydrological students training abroad and working on themes associated with the Volta River basin. Description of their research theme and publication of articles on their current work, ¾ Location map of ongoing scientific studies on the basin. 14. LEGAL ASPECTS This topic will group together all information on current regulations, legal texts and bills in the various Volta River basin countries. One will also find all legal texts pertaining to sharing of water resources among countries. The proposed headings are as follows: ¾ International texts, ¾ Texts of regional scope, ¾ Texts classified according to countries, ¾ Texts currently being drafted. 15. BASIN ENVIRONMENT This heading will help to visualise all current or planned actions associated with environmental protection in the Volta River Basin, the following headings will be found: ¾ Location map of environmental protection interventions, ¾ List of current or planned interventions, ¾ List of Websites dealing with environmental problems of the Volta River or others. 16. REMARKABLE SITES This heading will present the addresses of the principal Websites dealing with hydrological, environmental and water quality problems and capable of providing useful information to the various stakeholders of Volta-HYCOS project.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 7 132 Volta-HYCOS – Project Document
ANNEX 8
JOB DESCRIPTIONS FOR THE PROFESSIONALS OF THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (PMU): COORDINATOR, EXPERT HYDROLOGIST AND DATA BASE EXPERT
JOB DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PROFESSIONALS OF THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT
1. VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT COORDINATOR The expert hydrologist will have the status of Project Coordinator. He/she must hold an advanced university degree in hydrology or in a relevant connected scientific field. He/she should be familiar with hydrological cycle observation systems and information systems on water resources. In this capacity, he will supervise all the activities regarding data acquisition and processing. He will serve as the liaison between the Project Regional Centre and the NHSs of the partner countries. He must have a lot of experience in the management of a Hydrological Services Department, organisation of its tasks, practice of hydrological measurements with the latest methods in addition to considerable knowledge of modern data acquisition and transmission equipment. Another important area will be the identification in collaboration with the NHSs of hydrological products needed by users. He will be responsible for the definition of such product and will steer the necessary developments. This task will be carried out in close collaboration with the people in charge of managing the databases of the partner countries. This implies that he must be very familiar with hydro-meteorological data specialised software such as HYDROM, HYDATA and HYDROMET. He must exhibit good organisational abilities, especially with regard to mounting of training seminars on hydrometric techniques and in the preparation of guides and standard methods for project implementation, in accordance with the set objectives. He should be well versed in the organisation of hydrological Websites. At this level, he will pilot the development of the various products that will enhance the value of the hydrological data collected under the Volta-HYCOS programme. This expert should have a minimum of ten years experience in hydrology. 2. HYDROLOGICAL EXPERT (IRD) In collaboration with the Project Coordinator and the other members of the Project Management Unit, the Hydrologist is expected to participate in the implementation of the various tasks planned under the Volta-HYCOS project. More specifically, he/she shall: (i) Participate, in the implementation of the activities planned in the activity program, as described in the project document. (ii) See to the enforcement of the specific agreements signed between PRC and the partner countries involved in the project implementation. (iii) Prepare and supervise the training programs planned under the project. (iv) Participate in the development of the project activity report. (v) Facilitate the development of synergies among the project and the other projects and programs in the sub-region conducting similar activities. (vi) Monitor and supervise the work of the computer expert and data base specialist recruited for the project activities. The Hydrology Expert shall specifically supervise the technical team of the project, i.e.: • The Data base Expert • The Hydrological Technician • The computer scientist (Webmaster). The hydrologist shall be under the responsibility of the Project Coordinator to whom he/she shall directly report on the implementation of the tasks assigned to him/her. The Hydrologist must participate in the production of technical report on the level of progress of the project, as well as the development and the dissemination of pertinent hydrological products.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 8 135 3. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EXPERT The data base expert is responsible for the preparation of software for the developing and maintenance of the project database. To this purpose, he will work with the PMU and the other partners involved in the implementation of the project. Under the direct supervision of the Hydrology Expert and in close collaboration with the other members of the PMU, the computer scientist shall be responsible for the implementation of the activities of the project development phase which are associated with data management issues. More specifically, he/she shall: (i) Participate in the organization of the Volta-HYCOS data base (ii) Insure the implementation of the management system of the hydrological data base at the Project Regional Centre and in the member countries (Oracle, Access, SQL Server, etc.) (iii) Participate in all the training sessions meant for the managers and users of the hydrological data base both at the regional and national levels (iv) Develop mechanisms and tools so as to facilitate the integration and the exploitation of the data in the regional and national data bases (v) Assist the member countries of the project in the installation, management and dissemination of the data of their bases (vi) Coordinate the activities relating to the update of the data of the data base and the project site (vii) Manage, in collaboration with the PMU, all the computer infrastructure of the project (equipment, software, consumables, definition of needs, purchase requests, call for bids and the acquisition of computer goods and services) The computer specialist shall produce quarterly and annual reports on the project database and contribute to the production and dissemination of pertinent hydrological products. At the end of his mission, the computer expert shall produce a report on all his activities under the project. Experience The computer specialist must be a specialist on the development and maintenance of database in the area of water resources and environment. He must have a vast experience in computer networks (TCP/IP, FTP, http, ...) as well as a good knowledge of the main systems of relational data bases (Oracle, Access, SQL Server, etc.). Knowledge of the region, water resources and environment would be an advantage. He should be good in communicating and he should have an excellent attitude to teamwork.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 8 136 Volta-HYCOS – Project Document
ANNEX 9
IRD STAFF PROVIDED FOR THE VOLTA-HYCOS PROJET AND MAIN ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY IRD
IRD STAFF PROVIDED FOR THE VOLTA-HYCOS PROJETAND MAIN ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY IRD
IRD will provide the project with the following staff: (a) 1 hydrological engineer, responsible for providing the project 36 man-months coordinator with technical assistance to carry out project activities (b) 1 hydrological technician, responsible for the observation network 30 man-months and for maintaining and updating the database (c) 1 webmaster, responsible for developing and updating the 30 man-months project’s web site (d) 1 computer engineer, responsible for developing the database 8 man-months During the implementation of the project, IRD staff will be involved in the following activities, in close cooperation with the Regional Centre, WMO and the partner countries: (A) DURING THE INITIAL PHASE 1. The preparation of a detailed assessment of requirements including: (a) The identification of monitoring station sites; (b) The definition of field equipment and station characteristics; (c) The definition of computer equipment required at the RC and in the participating countries; (d) The definition of the characteristics of the system for managing hydrometeorological databases as well as those of the hydrological information system, in harmony with the tools used in other HYCOS regional components. 2. The preparation of a project document providing technical, human resources and financial details. 3. The preparation of a schedule for project activities, which has monitoring and assessment indicators. (B) DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION PHASE 1. The establishment of a hydrological information system for the Volta river basin that will enable the following progress: (a) The modernization of the mechanism for collecting and disseminating hydrological data; (b) The development/strengthening of regional and national databases; (c) The development of appropriate hydrological information systems; (d) The enhancement of national skills in water resources management and related activities; (e) The provision of modern tools for communication between national and regional partners and for disseminating information (Internet). 2. The establishment of a system for predicting floods and low flows so as to improve the management of hydrological installations, particularly reservoirs. 3. The establishment of a system to develop hydrological products so that they are used routinely and with greater ease by development actors in the Volta River Basin. 4. The establishment and implementation of training programmes according to the needs expressed by participating countries. 5. The establishment of technical specifications for the equipment and software to be purchased for the project and the related calls for tenders. (C) REGIONAL LEVEL IRD will ensure that the activities carried out under the various HYCOS components in West and Central Africa (AOC-HYCOS) are harmonized.
Volta-HYCOS – Project Document Annex 9 139