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Biodiversity of the Kermadec Islands and Offshore Waters of the Kermadec Ridge: Report of a Coastal, Marine Mammal and Deep-Sea Survey (TAN1612)
Biodiversity of the Kermadec Islands and offshore waters of the Kermadec Ridge: report of a coastal, marine mammal and deep-sea survey (TAN1612) New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 179 Clark, M.R.; Trnski, T.; Constantine, R.; Aguirre, J.D.; Barker, J.; Betty, E.; Bowden, D.A.; Connell, A.; Duffy, C.; George, S.; Hannam, S.; Liggins, L..; Middleton, C.; Mills, S.; Pallentin, A.; Riekkola, L.; Sampey, A.; Sewell, M.; Spong, K.; Stewart, A.; Stewart, R.; Struthers, C.; van Oosterom, L. ISSN 1179-6480 (online) ISSN 1176-9440 (print) ISBN 978-1-77665-481-9 (online) ISBN 978-1-77665-482-6 (print) January 2017 Requests for further copies should be directed to: Publications Logistics Officer Ministry for Primary Industries PO Box 2526 WELLINGTON 6140 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0800 00 83 33 Facsimile: 04-894 0300 This publication is also available on the Ministry for Primary Industries websites at: http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-resources/publications.aspx http://fs.fish.govt.nz go to Document library/Research reports © Crown Copyright - Ministry for Primary Industries TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Objectives: 3 1.2 Objective 1: Benthic offshore biodiversity 3 1.3 Objective 2: Marine mammal research 4 1.4 Objective 3: Coastal biodiversity and connectivity 5 2. METHODS 5 2.1 Survey area 5 2.2 Survey design 6 Offshore Biodiversity 6 Marine mammal sampling 8 Coastal survey 8 Station recording 8 2.3 Sampling operations 8 Multibeam mapping 8 Photographic transect survey 9 Fish and Invertebrate sampling 9 Plankton sampling 11 Catch processing 11 Environmental sampling 12 Marine mammal sampling 12 Dive sampling operations 12 Outreach 13 3. -
The Volt a Resettlement Experience
The Volt a Resettlement Experience edited, by ROBERT CHAMBERS PALL MALL PRESS LONDON in association with Volta River Authority University of Science and Technology Accra Kumasi INSTITUTI OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES LIBRARY Published by the Pall Mall Press Ltd 5 Cromwell Place, London swj FIRST PUBLISHED 1970 © Pall Mall Press, 1970 SBN 269 02597 9 Printed in Great Britain by Western Printing Services Ltd Bristol I CONTENTS PREFACE Xlll FOREWORD I SIR ROBERT JACKSON I. INTRODUCTION IO ROBERT CHAMBERS The Preparatory Commission Policy: Self-Help with Incentives, 12 Precedents, Pressures and Delays, 1956-62, 17 Formulating a New Policy, 1961-63, 24 2. THE ORGANISATION OF RESETTLEMENT 34 E. A. K. KALITSI Organisation and Staffing, 35 Evolution of Policy, 39 Housing and compensation policy, 39; Agricultural policy, 41; Regional planning policy, 42 Execution, 44 Demarcation, 44; Valuation, 45; Social survey, 46; Site selection, 49; Clearing and construction, 52; Evacuation, 53; Farming, 55 Costs and Achievements, 56 3. VALUATION, ACQUISITION AND COMPENSATION FOR PURPOSES OF RESETTLEMENT 58 K. AMANFO SAGOE Scope and Scale of the Exercise, 59 Public and Private Rights Affected, 61 Ethical and Legal Bases for the Government's Compensation Policies, 64 Valuation and Compensation for Land, Crops and Buildings, 67 Proposals for Policy in Resettlements, 72 Conclusion, 75 v CONTENTS 4. THE SOCIAL SURVEY 78 D. A. P. BUTCHER Purposes and Preparation, 78 Executing the Survey, 80 Processing and Analysis of Data, 82 Immediate Usefulness, 83 Future Uses for the Survey Data, 86 Social Aspects of Housing and the New Towns, 88 Conclusion, 90 5. SOCIAL WELFARE IO3 G. -
Volta-Hycos Project
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANISATION Weather • Climate • Water VOLTA-HYCOS PROJECT SUB-COMPONENT OF THE AOC-HYCOS PROJECT PROJECT DOCUMENT SEPTEMBER 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………………………….v 1 WORLD HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE OBSERVING SYSTEM (WHYCOS)……………1 2. BACKGROUNG TO DEVELOPMENT OF VOLTA-HYCOS…………………………... 3 2.1 AOC-HYCOS PILOT PROJECT............................................................................................... 3 2.2 OBJECTIVES OF AOC HYCOS PROJECT ................................................................................ 3 2.2.1 General objective........................................................................................................................ 3 2.2.2 Immediate objectives .................................................................................................................. 3 2.3 LESSONS LEARNT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AOC-HYCOS BASED ON LARGE BASINS......... 4 3. THE VOLTA BASIN FRAMEWORK……………………………………………………... 7 3.1 GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS....................................................................................................... 7 3.2 COUNTRIES OF THE VOLTA BASIN ......................................................................................... 8 3.3 RAINFALL............................................................................................................................. 10 3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN THE VOLTA BASIN.............................................................. 11 3.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS........................................................................................... -
My Friend, the Volcano (Adapted from the 2004 Submarine Ring of Fire Expedition)
New Zealand American Submarine Ring of Fire 2007 My Friend, The Volcano (adapted from the 2004 Submarine Ring of Fire Expedition) FOCUS MAXIMUM NUMBER OF STUDENTS Ecological impacts of volcanism in the Mariana 30 and Kermadec Islands KEY WORDS GRADE LEVEL Ring of Fire 5-6 (Life Science/Earth Science) Asthenosphere Lithosphere FOCUS QUESTION Magma What are the ecological impacts of volcanic erup- Fault tions on tropical island arcs? Transform boundary Convergent boundary LEARNING OBJECTIVES Divergent boundary Students will be able to describe at least three Subduction beneficial impacts of volcanic activity on marine Tectonic plate ecosystems. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Students will be able to explain the overall tec- The Submarine Ring of Fire is an arc of active vol- tonic processes that cause volcanic activity along canoes that partially encircles the Pacific Ocean the Mariana Arc and Kermadec Arc. Basin, including the Kermadec and Mariana Islands in the western Pacific, the Aleutian Islands MATERIALS between the Pacific and Bering Sea, the Cascade Copies of “Marianas eruption killed Anatahan’s Mountains in western North America, and numer- corals,” one copy per student or student group ous volcanoes on the western coasts of Central (from http://www.cdnn.info/eco/e030920/e030920.html) America and South America. These volcanoes result from the motion of large pieces of the AUDIO/VISUAL MATERIALS Earth’s crust known as tectonic plates. None Tectonic plates are portions of the Earth’s outer TEACHING TIME crust (the lithosphere) about 5 km thick, as Two or three 45-minute class periods, plus time well as the upper 60 - 75 km of the underlying for student research mantle. -
Patterns of Prehistoric Human Mobility in Polynesia Indicated by Mtdna from the Pacific Rat (Rattus Exulans͞population Mobility)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 95, pp. 15145–15150, December 1998 Anthropology Patterns of prehistoric human mobility in Polynesia indicated by mtDNA from the Pacific rat (Rattus exulansypopulation mobility) E. MATISOO-SMITH*†,R.M.ROBERTS‡,G.J.IRWIN*, J. S. ALLEN*, D. PENNY§, AND D. M. LAMBERT¶ *Department of Anthropology and ‡School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, P. B. 92019 Auckland, New Zealand; and §Molecular Genetics Unit and ¶Department of Ecology, Massey University, P. B. 11222 Palmerston North, New Zealand Communicated by R. C. Green, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, October 14, 1998 (received for review July 20, 1998) ABSTRACT Human settlement of Polynesia was a major Recent genetic research focusing on Polynesian populations event in world prehistory. Despite the vastness of the distances has contributed significantly to our understanding of the covered, research suggests that prehistoric Polynesian popu- ultimate origins of this last major human migration. Studies of lations maintained spheres of continuing interaction for at globin gene variation (2) and mtDNA lineages of modern least some period of time in some regions. A low level of genetic Polynesians (3, 4) and studies of ancient DNA from Lapita- variation in ancestral Polynesian populations, genetic admix- associated skeletons (5) may indicate that some degree of ture (both prehistoric and post-European contact), and severe admixture with populations in Near Oceania occurred as more population crashes resulting from introduction of European remote biological ancestors left Southeast Asia and passed diseases make it difficult to trace prehistoric human mobility through Near Oceania. An alternative hypothesis is that the in the region by using only human genetic and morphological biological ancestors of these groups were one of a number of markers. -
Obsidian from Macauley Island: a New Zealand Connection
www.aucklandmuseum.com Obsidian from Macauley Island: a New Zealand connection Louise Furey Auckland War Memorial Museum Callan Ross-Sheppard McGill University, Montreal Kath E. Prickett Auckland War Memorial Museum Abstract An obsidian flake collected from Macauley Island during the Kermadec Expedition has been analysed to determine the source. The result indicates a Mayor Island, New Zealand, origin, supporting previous results on obsidian from Raoul Island that Polynesians travelled back into the Pacific from New Zealand. Keywords obsidian; Pacific colonisation; Pacific voyaging; Macauley Island. INTRODUCTION The steep terrain meant there were only a few suitable habitation places confined to flat areas of limited size on The Kermadec Islands comprise Raoul Island, the largest the south and north coasts. The only landing places were of the group, the nearby Meyer Islands and Herald adjacent to these flats. Botanical surveys have recorded Islets, and 100–155 km to the south are Macauley, the presence of Polynesian tropical cultigens including Curtis and Cheeseman iIslands, and L’Esperence Rock. candlenut (Aleurites monuccana) and ti (Cordyline Raoul is approximately 1000 km to the northeast of fruticosa) (Sykes 1977) which are not endemic to the New Zealand. During the 2011 Kermadec Expedition, island and it is assumed they were transported there by samples of naturally occurring obsidian were obtained Polynesian settlers. Polynesian tuberous vegetables such from Raoul, the Meyer Islands, and from the sea floor off as taro (Colocasia esculenta) and kumara (Ipomoea Curtis Island. These are now in the Auckland Museum batatas) were also recorded but their introduction collection. More importantly however was the single attributed to later 19th century immigrants. -
Conservation Status of New Zealand Marine Mammals, 2019 Report
2019 NEW ZEALAND THREAT CLASSIFICATION SERIES 29 Conservation status of New Zealand marine mammals, 2019 C.S. Baker, L. Boren, S. Childerhouse, R. Constantine, A. van Helden, D. Lundquist, W. Rayment and J.R. Rolfe Dedication This report is dedicated to the memory of Dr Rob Mattlin, a founding member of this Committee, who passed away in May 2019. Rob’s knowledge, insight and personality will be greatly missed by the Committee and by the marine mammals for which he was so passionate. Rob made New Zealand his home after leaving his native USA to undertake a PhD on New Zealand fur seals at Canterbury University. He proceeded to dedicate his life to marine science with a particular focus on marine mammals and spent most of his time based in New Zealand, apart from a role at the US Marine Mammal Commission. His contribution to our understanding of marine mammal biology and ecology and, in particular, his expertise in interactions with fisheries, was a key factor in achieving many positive outcomes for marine mammals in New Zealand. He made significant contributions to the conservation and management of both New Zealand sea lions and Hector’s dolphins. The Committee would like to recognise the unique balance of wisdom, humour, and tenacity that Rob brought to his work and hope that we can continue to match his enthusiasm and passion. Cover: The southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) population is recovering from perilously low numbers and is now assessed as At Risk – Recovering, an improvement on its previous Threatened status. Photo: Will Rayment. -
The Volta River Basin
The Volta River Basin An assessment of groundwater need by Martin Jäger & Sven Menge Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) April 2012 Page 1 Page 2 Acronyms AGW-net African Groundwater Network AMCOW African Ministerial Conference on Water BAF Burkina Faso BGR Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CT Continental Terminal DANIDA Danish International Development Agency GEF Global Environmental Fund GIS Geographic Information System GLOWA Global Water Cycle GW Groundwater GWP Global Water Partnership GWRM Groundwater Resources Management HQ Headquarter IRD Institut de Recherche et Dévéloppement IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management L/RBO Lake/River Basin Organization L/R/ABO Lake/River Association of Basin Organizations MC Member Country Mamsl above mean sea level Mgt Management NBA Niger Basin Authority NE North East NFP National Focal Point NGO Non-Governmental Organization VOLTA-HYCOS Volta Hydrological Cycle Observation System NW North West SE South East SIDA Swedish International Development Agency SP Strategic Plan SW South West SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats TBA Transboundary Aquifer UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEP United Nations Environmental Program VBA Volta Basin Authority WRM Water Resources Management Page 3 Contents Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................ -
Open Whole.Kad.Final3re.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Earth and Mineral Sciences MANAGING WATER RESOURCES UNDER CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE: PERSPECTIVES OF COMMUNITIES IN THE AFRAM PLAINS, GHANA A Thesis in Geography by Kathleen Ann Dietrich © 2008 Kathleen Ann Dietrich Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science August 2008 The thesis of Kathleen Ann Dietrich was reviewed and approved* by the following: Petra Tschakert Assistant Professor of Geography Alliance for Earth Sciences, Engineering, and Development in Africa Thesis Adviser C. Gregory Knight Professor of Geography Karl Zimmerer Professor of Geography Head of the Department of Geography *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Climate variability and change alter the amount and timing of water resources available for rural communities in the Afram Plains district, Ghana. Given the fact that the district has been experiencing a historical and multi-scalar economic and political neglect, its communities face a particular vulnerability for accessing current and future water resources. Therefore, these communities must adapt their water management strategies to both future climate change and the socio-economic context. Using participatory methods and interviews, I explore the success of past and present water management strategies by three communities in the Afram Plains in order to establish potentially effective responses to future climate change. Currently, few strategies are linked to climate variability and change; however, the methods and results assist in giving voice to the participant communities by recognizing, sharing, and validating their experiences of multiple climatic and non-climatic vulnerabilities and the past, current, and future strategies which may enhance their adaptive capacity. -
Physical Marine Environment Pf the Kermadec Islands Region
SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION 318 Physical marine environment of the Kermadec Islands region Phil Sutton, Stephen Chiswell, Richard Gorman, Sean Kennan and Graham Rickard Cover: Aerial view of Base Camp with Meyer Islands in the background, Raoul Island, Kermadec Islands, 2009. Photo: DOC. Science for Conservation is a scientific monograph series presenting research funded by New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC). Manuscripts are internally and externally peer-reviewed; resulting publications are considered part of the formal international scientific literature. This report is available from the departmental website in pdf form. Titles are listed in our catalogue on the website, refer www.doc.govt.nz under Publications, then Science & technical. © Copyright December 2012, New Zealand Department of Conservation ISSN 1177–9241 (web PDF) ISBN 978–0–478–14962–3 (web PDF) This report was prepared for publication by the Publishing Team; editing by Sue Hallas and layout by Elspeth Hoskin and Lynette Clelland. Publication was approved by the Deputy Director-General, Science and Technical Group, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. Published by Publishing Team, Department of Conservation, PO Box 10420, The Terrace, Wellington 6143, New Zealand. In the interest of forest conservation, we support paperless electronic publishing. CONTENTS Abstract 1 1. Introduction 2 2. Methods 4 2.1 Circulation and connectivity 4 2.2 Productivity 6 2.3 Water column characteristics 6 2.4 Wave climate 6 3. Results 7 3.1 Circulation and connectivity 7 3.2 Productivity and sea surface temperature 8 3.3 Water column characteristics 8 3.4 Wave climate 8 4. Discussion 12 4.1 Circulation and connectivity 12 4.2 Productivity 13 4.3 Water column characteristics 13 4.4 Wave climate 13 4.5 Possible effects of climate change on currents, waves and stratification 14 5. -
Introduction to the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011
www.aucklandmuseum.com Introduction to the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 Thomas Trnski Auckland War Memorial Museum Peter J. de Lange Department of Conservation INTRODUCTION Zealand, covering a total area of 748,000 hectares. It is one of only four marine protected areas in the world with The Kermadec Islands are located midway between all of the five factors that are correlated with measurable Tonga and the North Island of New Zealand. These positive effects on fish size, biomass, diversity and the subtropical islands are the northern-most extension of number of sharks (Edgar et al., 2014). New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone and they are The initial proposal to undertake a detailed coastal potential stepping-stones in the migration pathways for survey of marine communities in the Kermadec Islands species between the tropical islands to the north and was suggested in late 2007. But it took over three temperate mainland of New Zealand. Alternatively, the years to assemble the survey team, generate sufficient isolation of the Kermadec Islands presents opportunities financial support and secure a suitable research vessel. for vicariant speciation; the nearest islands are Norfolk The resulting expedition on the RV Braveheart had a Island about 1,300 km to the west, the Tongan islands of complement of 14 scientists and a photographer, and was Minerva Reefs and Ata Island, respectively 650 km and titled the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011. We 870 km to the north, Niue 1,500 km to the northeast and departed Tauranga on 9 May 2011 and spent a full 15 days northern New Zealand 900 km to the south. -
Ghana) with Special Reference to the Burrowing Mayfly Povilla Adusta Navas By
Hydrobiologia vol. 36, 3-4, p . 373-398, 1970 . Macroinvertebrates of Flooded Trees in the Man-Made Volta Lake (Ghana) with Special Reference to the Burrowing Mayfly Povilla adusta Navas by T. PETR* Volta Basin Research Project and Department of Zoology, Uni- versity of Ghana, Legon INTRODUCTION During the lacustrinization of the Man-made Volta Lake in Ghana, periphyton has steadily increased in importance as a food source for aquatic animals . Flooded trees have provided a suitable substrate for periphyton in the epilimnion of the inshore and off- shore areas, the land not having been cleared before the Lake was formed . The biomass of periphyton has greatly exceeded that of benthos (PETR, 1969a) since even in relatively shallow water a deoxygenated water layer has frequently developed at the bottom and prevented the formation of benthos . Investigation of the food of the most important commercial fish species of the Volta Lake showed that during 1965 and 1966, i .e. one to two years after the Akosombo dam was closed, periphyton did not form a very significant part of fish diet (LAWSON et al., 1969) . The indirect importance of periphyton was however great as it provided food and shelter for aquatic invertebrates . Some of these invertebrates became extremely abundant and their im- portance as fish food gradually increased. TERMINOLOGY The animals considered in the present paper inhabit the surfaces of flooded trees, covered by periphyton, and burrow into the substrate itself. *Present address : Department of Zoology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda . Received September 5th, 1969 . 373 The most adequate terms for such organisms seem to be those suggested by SRAMEK-HUSEK (1946) and SLADECKOVA (1962) who describe them as attached and dependent organisms .