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British Royal Banners 1199–Present
British Royal Banners 1199 – Present Geoff Parsons & Michael Faul Abstract The presentation begins with the (accepted) date of 1199, the death of King Richard I, the first king known to have used the three gold lions on red. It continues to show how King Edward III added the French Royal Arms, consequent to his claim to the French throne. There is then the change from “France Ancient” to “France Modern” by King Henry IV in 1405, which set the pattern of the arms and the standard for the next 198 years. The story then proceeds to show how, over the ensuing 234 years, there were no fewer than six versions of the standard until the adoption of the present pattern in 1837. The presentation includes pictures of all the designs, noting that, in the early stages, the arms appeared more often as a surcoat than a flag. There is also some anecdotal information regarding the various patterns. Anne (1702–1714) Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011 © 2011 North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org) 799 British Royal Banners 1199 – Present Figure 1 Introduction The presentation begins with the (accepted) date of 1199, the death of King Richard I, the first king known to have used the three gold lions on red. Although we often refer to these flags as Royal Standards, strictly speaking, they are not standard but heraldic banners which are based on the Coats of Arms of the British Monarchs. Figure 2 William I (1066–1087) The first use of the coats of arms would have been exactly that, worn as surcoats by medieval knights. -
Download Date 27/09/2021 22:06:24
THE CREATION AND DEMISE OF THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Wheet, Carson Taylor Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 27/09/2021 22:06:24 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193529 iii ABSTRACT This thesis investigates the Order of the Knights Templar by examining the varied phenomena that led to the formation of the Order in the early twelfth century and its dissolution nearly two hundred years later. Since the demise of the Order has recently received a great deal of attention in both historical scholarship and popular culture, I analyze and critique numerous theories concerning the trial of the Templars and contextualize it by revealing the causes for the Order’s creation. I use an array of primary and secondary sources to explain why each event occurred despite being unpopular with a significant portion of Christian officials. I ultimately contend that most of the aforementioned theories are insufficient to explain the rise and fall of the Order because they fail to grasp the complexity of each event. The Templars’ creation resulted from a lengthy theological justification for a unique form of Christian holy war, papal ambitions, and a palpable ethos of fear and violence within Christendom that was redirected against an external enemy. -
Lambeth Palace Library Research Guide Biographical Sources for Archbishops of Canterbury from 1052 to the Present Day
Lambeth Palace Library Research Guide Biographical Sources for Archbishops of Canterbury from 1052 to the Present Day 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 2 Abbreviations Used ....................................................................................................... 4 3 Archbishops of Canterbury 1052- .................................................................................. 5 Stigand (1052-70) .............................................................................................................. 5 Lanfranc (1070-89) ............................................................................................................ 5 Anselm (1093-1109) .......................................................................................................... 5 Ralph d’Escures (1114-22) ................................................................................................ 5 William de Corbeil (1123-36) ............................................................................................. 5 Theobold of Bec (1139-61) ................................................................................................ 5 Thomas Becket (1162-70) ................................................................................................. 6 Richard of Dover (1174-84) ............................................................................................... 6 Baldwin (1184-90) ............................................................................................................ -
A Century of Turmoil
356-361-0314s4 10/11/02 4:01 PM Page 356 TERMS & NAMES 4 •Avignon A Century • Great Schism • John Wycliffe • Jan Hus • bubonic plague of Turmoil • Hundred Years’ War MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW • Joan of Arc During the 1300s, Europe was torn apart Events of the 1300s led to a change in by religious strife, the bubonic plague, attitudes toward religion and the state, and the Hundred Years’ War. a change reflected in modern attitudes. SETTING THE STAGE At the turn of the century between the 1200s and 1300s, church and state seemed in good shape, but trouble was brewing. The Church seemed to be thriving. Ideals of fuller political representation seemed to be developing in France and England. However, the 1300s were filled with disasters, both natural and manmade. By the end of the century, the medieval way of life was beginning to disappear. A Church Divided At the beginning of the 1300s, the papacy seemed in some ways still strong. Soon, however, both pope and Church were in desperate trouble. Pope and King Collide The pope in 1300 was an able but stubborn Italian. Pope Boniface VIII attempted to enforce papal authority on kings as previous popes had. When King Philip IV of France asserted his authority over French bishops, Boniface responded with a papal bull (an official document issued by the pope). It stated, “We declare, state, and define that subjection to the Roman Vocabulary Pontiff is absolutely necessary for the salvation of every Pontiff: the pope. human creature.” In short, kings must always obey popes. -
Awka Journal 2012 Print
The Babylonian Captivity of the Popes: Lessons for the 21st Century Church Leaders Chinedu E. Nnatuanya Abstract Since the death and resurrection of Christ, the church has been a focal point in the history and development of the human race. Church as an institution has been a determinant factor in the socio-economic, politico-cultural and religious segments of the society. As a great player, its success has been the success of the society and its failure the failure of humanity. However, this institution has affected the society positively and negatively through her various stages it has passed since inception. Nevertheless, looking at the present church characterized with politics of rancor, struggle for power, excesses and abuses, intolerance, corruption, divide and rule, ethnicity, favoritism among others, it seemed as if to say that the church has not learnt from her passed. The captivity of the popes has a great volume of lesson for present leaders in a view to have rethink. Therefore, this work ventures at investigating why this captivity in order to prevent such event in this present time. Introduction Since the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, the church has metamorphosed into series of stages. It has been persecuted more than any other institution yet has survived. In each period the church came out not being the same. However, between 1305-1416 the church passed through prolonged period of crises during which it seems that the church is doomed to destruction. It found its authority undermined, openly challenged and divided among rivals. Although, at the end, it emerged with its authority, yet the struggle for supremacy brought about significant changes to the structure of the church and sowed the seed that germinated during the reformation era. -
The Apostolic Succession of the Right Rev. James Michael St. George
The Apostolic Succession of The Right Rev. James Michael St. George © Copyright 2014-2015, The International Old Catholic Churches, Inc. 1 Table of Contents Certificates ....................................................................................................................................................4 ......................................................................................................................................................................5 Photos ...........................................................................................................................................................6 Lines of Succession........................................................................................................................................7 Succession from the Chaldean Catholic Church .......................................................................................7 Succession from the Syrian-Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch..............................................................10 The Coptic Orthodox Succession ............................................................................................................16 Succession from the Russian Orthodox Church......................................................................................20 Succession from the Melkite-Greek Patriarchate of Antioch and all East..............................................27 Duarte Costa Succession – Roman Catholic Succession .........................................................................34 -
Iburtraits Qrtbhisbups Nt
iB urtraits of the ’ Qrtbhisbups nt fian tzrhury E M . B N Emm i) B Y G . V A A N D I SSU ED W I TH TH E AP P ROV AL O F Hrs G RAC E TH E A R CHB I SHOP OF CAN TER B U RY A . R . M LTD . OWB RAY CO . ON DON : G a t Ca s tl Ox f Ci c s W . L 34 re e Street , ord r u , ’ OXFO R D : 1 06 S . Alda t e s St re e t 1 908 LAM B ETH A LA P C E . E . , S , M a r h c 7 0 . , 9 8 MY DEAR M I SS B EV AN , I cordially approve of y o u r plan of publishing a series of such portraits as exist of the successive occupants of the See of Canterbury . I gather that you propose to a c c omp a ny the plates with such biographical notes as may present the facts in outline to those who have little knowledge of English Church History . I need hardly say that so far as Lambeth is c o n cerned we offer you every facility for the reproduction of pictures or seals . Such a book as you contemplate will have a peculiar f s interest this year, when the See of Canterbury orm the - pivot of a world wide gathering . a m I , Y s our very truly, Si n e d RAN DAL R ( g ) L CAN TUA . -
A Fifteenth-Century Merchant in London and Kent
MA IN HISTORICAL RESEARCH 2014 A FIFTEENTH-CENTURY MERCHANT IN LONDON AND KENT: THOMAS WALSINGHAM (d.1457) Janet Clayton THOMAS WALSINGHAM _______________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS 3 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 4 Chapter 2 THE FAMILY CIRCLE 10 Chapter 3 CITY AND CROWN 22 Chapter 4 LONDON PLACES 31 Chapter 5 KENT LEGACY 40 Chapter 6 CONCLUSION 50 BIBILIOGRAPHY 53 ANNEX 59 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1: The Ballard Mazer (photograph courtesy of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, reproduced with the permission of the Warden and Fellows of All Souls College). Figure 2: Thomas Ballard’s seal matrix (photograph courtesy of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, reproduced with their permission). Figure 3: Sketch-plan of the City of London showing sites associated with Thomas Walsingham. Figure 4: St Katherine’s Church in 1810 (reproduced from J.B. Nichols, Account of the Royal Hospital and Collegiate Church of St Katharine near the Tower of London (London, 1824)). Figure 5: Sketch-map of Kent showing sites associated with Thomas Walsingham. Figure 6: Aerial view of Scadbury Park (photograph, Alan Hart). Figure 7: Oyster shells excavated at Scadbury Manor (photograph, Janet Clayton). Figure 8: Surrey white-ware decorated jug excavated at Scadbury (photograph: Alan Hart). Figure 9: Lead token excavated from the moat-wall trench (photograph, Alan Hart). 2 THOMAS WALSINGHAM _______________________________________________________________________________ ABBREVIATIONS Arch Cant Archaeologia Cantiana Bradley H. Bradley, The Views of the Hosts of Alien Merchants 1440-1444 (London, 2011) CCR Calendar of Close Rolls CFR Calendar of Fine Rolls CLB (A-L) R.R. Sharpe (ed.), Calendar of Letter-books preserved among the archives of the Corporation of the City of London at the Guildhall (London, 1899-1912) CPR Calendar of Patent Rolls Hasted E. -
Archbishop of Canterbury, and One of the Things This Meant Was That Fruit Orchards Would Be Established for the Monasteries
THE ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY And yet — in fact you need only draw a single thread at any point you choose out of the fabric of life and the run will make a pathway across the whole, and down that wider pathway each of the other threads will become successively visible, one by one. — Heimito von Doderer, DIE DÂIMONEN “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Archbishops of Canterb HDT WHAT? INDEX ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY 597 CE Christianity was established among the Anglo-Saxons in Kent by Augustine (this Roman import to England was of course not the Aurelius Augustinus of Hippo in Africa who had been in the ground already for some seven generations — and therefore he is referred to sometimes as “St. Augustine the Less”), who in this year became the 1st Archbishop of Canterbury, and one of the things this meant was that fruit orchards would be established for the monasteries. Despite repeated Viking attacks many of these survived. The monastery at Ely (Cambridgeshire) would be particularly famous for its orchards and vineyards. DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENTION? GOOD. Archbishops of Canterbury “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY 604 CE May 26, 604: Augustine died (this Roman import to England was of course not the Aurelius Augustinus of Hippo in Africa who had been in the ground already for some seven generations — and therefore he is referred to sometimes as “St. Augustine the Less”), and Laurentius succeeded him as Archbishop of Canterbury. -
Philip David Handyside Class of 2006 “Rise
Philip David Handyside Class of 2006 “Rise and Fall of the Knights Templar: From Power to Persecution” History (major) May 2006-10-24 With gratitude to E. Kurlander, K. Reiter, P. Steeves, and M. McNicholas Pledged: P. D. Handyside Approved: E. Kurlander, Faculty Advisor M. Venzke, Chair, History Senior Research Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for HY 499 Stetson University 6th December, 2005 Abstract Created around 1230 CE, the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon were created in order to protect pilgrims on their journey through the new Christian kingdom in Palestine. Starting out as a small group, these warrior monks soon grew in power and prestige under the benefaction of St. Bernard and were charged with the protection of the Catholic Church by Pope Innocent II. Along with this favour bestowed upon them, the Templars quickly accumulated a great amount of wealth and territory across Europe. However, their power base was always in the Holy Land. The capture by Muslims of the city of Acre, the final Christian stronghold in Palestine, deprived them of this power base. Following this they were free to the predations of ambitious secular rulers, such as Philip IV of France. Philip, anxious to establish his authority and to acquire more revenue producing lands, was able to bring charges against the Templars accusing them of heresy which led to the eventual arrest and disbandment of the Knights Templar. The loss of their power base left the Templars vulnerable to condemnation by the society at large and, as such, they were unable to protect themselves, or be protected by others, when they came under threat. -
'How the Corpse of a Most Mighty King…' the Use of the Death and Burial of the English Monarch
1 Doctoral Dissertation ‘How the Corpse of a Most Mighty King…’ The Use of the Death and Burial of the English Monarch (From Edward to Henry I) by James Plumtree Supervisors: Gábor Klaniczay, Gerhard Jaritz Submitted to the Medieval Studies Department and the Doctoral School of History Central European University, Budapest in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy CEU eTD Collection Budapest 2014 2 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ 3 ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 6 1. ‘JOYFULLY TAKEN UP TO LIVE WITH GOD’ THE ALTERED PASSING OF EDWARD .......................................................................... 13 1. 1. The King’s Two Deaths in MS C and the Vita Ædwardi Regis .......................... 14 1. 2. Dead Ends: Sulcard’s Prologus and the Bayeux Tapestry .................................. 24 1. 3. The Smell of Sanctity, A Whiff of Fraud: Osbert and the 1102 Translation ....... 31 1. 4. The Death in Histories: Orderic, Malmesbury, and Huntingdon ......................... 36 1. 5. ‘We Have Him’: The King’s Cadaver at Westminster ....................................... -
The Life and Amazing Times of William Waynflete
The Life and Amazing Times of William Waynflete by Anna Withers Among the occupants of the chantry chapels of Winchester Cathedral, William Waynflete impresses by reason of his longevity, living as he did until the age of 87 (if he was born in 1399) and under the reigns of eight kings, four of whom died by violence. To preserve life and high office during the turbulent loyalties and internecine feuds of the Wars of the Roses was a feat indeed: one might suppose that Waynflete achieved it by studious avoidance of political prominence and controversy, but in fact nothing could be further from the truth. Fig 1 Effigy of William of Wayneflete in Winchester Cathedral Photo: Julie Adams He was born in Wainfleet in Lincolnshire, possibly as early as 1395. His family name was Patten, or sometimes Barbour. Henry Beaufort had become Bishop of Lincoln in 1398, and it has been suggested that he assisted the young William to study at Winchester College and then at New College, Oxford. However, there is no contemporary evidence that he studied there or indeed attended Oxford at all, other than a letter written to him in later life by the Chancellor of the University, describing Oxford as the “mother who brought [Waynflete] forth into the light of knowledge”. He took orders as an acolyte in 1420 in the name of William Barbour, becoming a subdeacon and then deacon (this time as William Barbour, otherwise Waynflete of Spalding) in 1421, finally being ordained priest in 1426. He seems to have been marked out early as a young man of ability and potential.