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High Stakes: Testing for Tracking, Promotion, and Graduation Jay P http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6336.html We ship printed books within 1 business day; personal PDFs are available immediately. High Stakes: Testing for Tracking, Promotion, and Graduation Jay P. Heubert and Robert M. Hauser, Editors; Committee on Appropriate Test Use, National Research Council ISBN: 0-309-52495-4, 352 pages, 6 x 9, (1999) This PDF is available from the National Academies Press at: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6336.html Visit the National Academies Press online, the authoritative source for all books from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council: • Download hundreds of free books in PDF • Read thousands of books online for free • Explore our innovative research tools – try the “Research Dashboard” now! • Sign up to be notified when new books are published • Purchase printed books and selected PDF files Thank you for downloading this PDF. If you have comments, questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press, you may contact our customer service department toll- free at 888-624-8373, visit us online, or send an email to [email protected]. This book plus thousands more are available at http://www.nap.edu. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF File are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Distribution, posting, or copying is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Request reprint permission for this book. High Stakes: Testing for Tracking, Promotion, and Graduation http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6336.html High Stakes TESTING FOR TRACKING, PROMOTION, AND GRADUATION Jay P. Heubert and Robert M. Hauser, Editors Committee on Appropriate Test Use Board on Testing and Assessment Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1999 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. High Stakes: Testing for Tracking, Promotion, and Graduation http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6336.html NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS • 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. • Washington, D.C. 20418 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Insti- tute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. The study was supported by Contract/Grant No. ED-98-CO-0005 between the Na- tional Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Education. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data High stakes : testing for tracking, promotion, and graduation / Jay P. Heubert and Robert M. Hauser, editors ; Committee on Appropriate Test Use. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-309-06280-2 (pbk.) 1. Educational tests and measurements—United States. 2. Educational accountability—United States. 3. Education and state—United States. I. Heubert, Jay Philip. II. Hauser, Robert Mason. III. National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Appropriate Test Use. LB3051 .H475 1999 371.26′0973—dc21 98-40215 Additional copies of this report are available from National Academy Press, 2101 Consti- tution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20418 Call (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) This report is also available on line at http://www.nap.edu Printed in the United States of America Copyright 1999 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. High Stakes: Testing for Tracking, Promotion, and Graduation http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6336.html COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATE TEST USE ROBERT M. HAUSER (Chair), Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madison LIZANNE DeSTEFANO, Department of Education, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign PASQUALE J. DeVITO, Office of Assessment and Information Services, Rhode Island Department of Education, Providence RICHARD P. DURÁN, Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara JENNIFER L. HOCHSCHILD, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University STEPHEN P. KLEIN, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica SHARON LEWIS, Council of the Great City Schools, Washington, D.C. LORRAINE M. McDONNELL, Department of Political Science, University of California, Santa Barbara SAMUEL MESSICK, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey ULRIC NEISSER, Department of Psychology, Cornell University ANDREW C. PORTER, Wisconsin Center for Educational Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison AUDREY L. QUALLS, Iowa Testing Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City PAUL R. SACKETT, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis CATHERINE E. SNOW, Graduate School of Education, Harvard University WILLIAM T. TRENT, Department of Educational Policy Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign ROBERT L. LINN, ex officio, Board on Testing and Assessment; School of Education, University of Colorado, Boulder JAY P. HEUBERT, Study Director MICHAEL J. FEUER, Director, Board on Testing and Assessment PATRICIA MORISON, Senior Program Officer NAOMI CHUDOWSKY, Senior Program Officer ALLISON M. BLACK, Research Associate MARGUERITE CLARKE, Technical Consultant EDWARD MILLER, Editorial Consultant VIOLA C. HOREK, Administrative Associate KIMBERLY D. SALDIN, Senior Project Assistant iii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. High Stakes: Testing for Tracking, Promotion, and Graduation http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6336.html BOARD ON TESTING AND ASSESSMENT ROBERT L. LINN (Chair), School of Education, University of Colorado, Boulder CARL F. KAESTLE (Vice Chair), Department of Education, Brown University RICHARD C. ATKINSON, President, University of California IRALINE BARNES, The Superior Court of the District of Columbia PAUL J. BLACK, School of Education, King’s College, London RICHARD P. DURÁN, Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara CHRISTOPHER F. EDLEY, JR., Harvard Law School, Harvard University PAUL W. HOLLAND, Graduate School of Education, University of California, Berkeley MICHAEL W. KIRST, School of Education, Stanford University ALAN M. LESGOLD, Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh LORRAINE McDONNELL, Department of Political Science, University of California, Santa Barbara KENNETH PEARLMAN, Lucent Technologies, Inc., Warren, New Jersey PAUL R. SACKETT, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis RICHARD J. SHAVELSON, School of Education, Stanford University CATHERINE E. SNOW, Graduate School of Education, Harvard University WILLIAM L. TAYLOR, Attorney at Law, Washington, D.C. WILLIAM T. TRENT, Associate Chancellor, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign JACK WHALEN, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California KENNETH I. WOLPIN, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania MICHAEL J. FEUER, Director VIOLA C. HOREK, Administrative Associate iv Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. High Stakes: Testing for Tracking, Promotion, and Graduation http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6336.html Foreword President Clinton’s 1997 proposal to create voluntary national tests in reading and mathematics catapulted testing to the top of the national education agenda. The proposal turned up the volume on what had already been a contentious debate and drew intense scrutiny from a wide range of educators, parents, policy makers, and social scientists. Recog- nizing the important role science could play in sorting through the pas- sionate and often heated exchanges in the testing debate, Congress and the Clinton administration asked the National Research Council, through its Board on Testing and Assessment (BOTA), to conduct three fast-track studies over a 10-month period. This report and its companions—Uncommon Measures: Equivalence and Linkage Among Educational Tests and Evaluation of the Voluntary Na- tional Tests: Phase 1—are the result of truly heroic efforts on the part of the BOTA members, the study committee chairs and members, two co- principal investigators, consultants, and staff, who all understood the urgency of the mission and rose to the challenge of a unique and daunting timeline. Michael Feuer, BOTA director, deserves the special thanks of the board for keeping the effort on track and shepherding the report through the review process. His dedicated effort, long hours, sage advice, and good humor were essential to the success of this effort. Robert Hauser deserves our deepest appreciation for his superb leadership of the committee that produced this report. v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. High Stakes: Testing for Tracking, Promotion, and Graduation http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6336.html vi FOREWORD These reports are exemplars of the Research Council’s commitment to scientific rigor in the public interest: they provide clear and compel- ling statements of the underlying issues, cogent answers to nettling ques- tions, and highly readable findings and
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