Using As the Gnu Assembler
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Schedule 14A Employee Slides Supertex Sunnyvale
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 SCHEDULE 14A Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Filed by the Registrant Filed by a Party other than the Registrant Check the appropriate box: Preliminary Proxy Statement Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2)) Definitive Proxy Statement Definitive Additional Materials Soliciting Material Pursuant to §240.14a-12 Supertex, Inc. (Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter) Microchip Technology Incorporated (Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant) Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box): No fee required. Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11. (1) Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies: (2) Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies: (3) Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined): (4) Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction: (5) Total fee paid: Fee paid previously with preliminary materials. Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing. (1) Amount Previously Paid: (2) Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.: (3) Filing Party: (4) Date Filed: Filed by Microchip Technology Incorporated Pursuant to Rule 14a-12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Subject Company: Supertex, Inc. -
The Birth, Evolution and Future of Microprocessor
The Birth, Evolution and Future of Microprocessor Swetha Kogatam Computer Science Department San Jose State University San Jose, CA 95192 408-924-1000 [email protected] ABSTRACT timed sequence through the bus system to output devices such as The world's first microprocessor, the 4004, was co-developed by CRT Screens, networks, or printers. In some cases, the terms Busicom, a Japanese manufacturer of calculators, and Intel, a U.S. 'CPU' and 'microprocessor' are used interchangeably to denote the manufacturer of semiconductors. The basic architecture of 4004 same device. was developed in August 1969; a concrete plan for the 4004 The different ways in which microprocessors are categorized are: system was finalized in December 1969; and the first microprocessor was successfully developed in March 1971. a) CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computers) Microprocessors, which became the "technology to open up a new b) RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computers) era," brought two outstanding impacts, "power of intelligence" and "power of computing". First, microprocessors opened up a new a) VLIW(Very Long Instruction Word Computers) "era of programming" through replacing with software, the b) Super scalar processors hardwired logic based on IC's of the former "era of logic". At the same time, microprocessors allowed young engineers access to "power of computing" for the creative development of personal 2. BIRTH OF THE MICROPROCESSOR computers and computer games, which in turn led to growth in the In 1970, Intel introduced the first dynamic RAM, which increased software industry, and paved the way to the development of high- IC memory by a factor of four. -
M32R Family Software Manual MITSUBISHI 32-BIT SINGLE-CHIP MICROCOMPUTER
To our customers, Old Company Name in Catalogs and Other Documents On April 1st, 2010, NEC Electronics Corporation merged with Renesas Technology Corporation, and Renesas Electronics Corporation took over all the business of both companies. Therefore, although the old company name remains in this document, it is a valid Renesas Electronics document. We appreciate your understanding. Renesas Electronics website: http://www.renesas.com April 1st, 2010 Renesas Electronics Corporation Issued by: Renesas Electronics Corporation (http://www.renesas.com) Send any inquiries to http://www.renesas.com/inquiry. Notice 1. All information included in this document is current as of the date this document is issued. Such information, however, is subject to change without any prior notice. Before purchasing or using any Renesas Electronics products listed herein, please confirm the latest product information with a Renesas Electronics sales office. Also, please pay regular and careful attention to additional and different information to be disclosed by Renesas Electronics such as that disclosed through our website. 2. Renesas Electronics does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights of third parties by or arising from the use of Renesas Electronics products or technical information described in this document. No license, express, implied or otherwise, is granted hereby under any patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of Renesas Electronics or others. 3. You should not alter, modify, copy, or otherwise misappropriate any Renesas Electronics product, whether in whole or in part. 4. Descriptions of circuits, software and other related information in this document are provided only to illustrate the operation of semiconductor products and application examples. -
Mi!!Lxlosalamos SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY
LA=8902-MS C3b ClC-l 4 REPORT COLLECTION REPRODUCTION COPY VAXNMS Benchmarking 1-’ > .— u) 9 g .— mi!!lxLOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY Post Office Box 1663 Los Alamos. New Mexico 87545 — wAifiimative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer b . l)lS(”L,\l\ll K “Thisreport wm prcpmd J, an xcttunt ,,1”wurk ,pmwrd by an dgmcy d the tlnitwl SIdtcs (kvcm. mm:. Ncit her t hc llniml SIJIL.. ( Lwcrnmcm nor any .gcncy tlhmd. nor my 08”Ihcif cmployccs. makci my wur,nly. mprcss w mphd. or JwImL.s m> lcg.d Iululity ur rcspmuhdily ltw Ilw w.cur- acy. .vmplctcncs. w uscftthtc>. ttt”any ml’ormdt ml. dpprdl us. prudu.i. w proccw didowd. or rep. resent%Ihd IIS us wuukl not mfrm$e priwtcly mvnd rqdtts. Itcl”crmcti herein 10 my sp.xi!l tom. mrcial ptotlucr. prtxcm. or S.rvskc hy tdc mmw. Irdcnmrl.. nmu(a.lurm. or dwrwi~.. does nut mmwsuily mnstitutc or reply its mdursmwnt. rccummcnddton. or favorin: by the llniwd States (“mvcmment ormy qxncy thctcd. rhc V!C$VSmd opinmm d .mthor% qmxd herein do nut net’. UMrily r;~lt or died lhow. ol”the llnttcd SIJIL.S( ;ovwnnwnt or my ugcncy lhure of. UNITED STATES .. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CONTRACT W-7405 -ENG. 36 . ... LA-8902-MS UC-32 Issued: July 1981 G- . VAX/VMS Benchmarking Larry Creel —. I . .._- -- ----- ,. .- .-. .: .- ,.. .. ., ..,..: , .. .., . ... ..... - .-, ..:. .. *._–: - . VAX/VMS BENCHMARKING by Larry Creel ABSTRACT Primary emphasis in this report is on the perform- ance of three Digital Equipment Corporation VAX-11/780 computers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Programs used in the study are part of the Laboratory’s set of benchmark programs. -
Oral History Panel on the Development and Promotion of the Zilog Z8000 Microprocessor
Oral History Panel on the Development and Promotion of the Zilog Z8000 Microprocessor Moderator: Michael Slater Panelists: Federico Faggin Bernard Peuto Masatoshi Shima Ralph Ungermann Recorded: April 27, 2007 Mountain View, California CHM Reference number: X4022.2007 © 2007 Computer History Museum Michael Slater: We have with us today [April 27, 2007] four people who were involved in its [Zilog Z8000 microprocessor] creation: Ralph Ungermann, Bernard Peuto, Federico Faggin, and Masatoshi Shima. We’ve heard about the backgrounds from Shima-san, Federico and Ralph in the previous tape [oral history by the Z80 team], so we’ll start with Bernard. Could you tell us about your educational background, your experience before you came to this project? Bernard Peuto: Yes. I was born in France where I got an engineering education in radio and in computers in 1967 and 1968. I came to Berkeley to do a Ph.D. In 1969, I had my Master of Arts from Berkeley in computer science and I passed my prelim. I went back to do my military duties and then I came back and got a Ph.D. in computer science in 1974. My dissertation was about memory protection, which will come back as a subject later. As my first job I joined Amdahl Corporation from 1973 to 1976. The reason I joined Amdahl Corporation was that Charlie Bass was sharing an office with me when he was an assistant professor at Berkeley and I was a Ph.D. student and Charlie Bass had a good friend of his that was working at Fujitsu so through that connection I was hired as a computer architect at Amdahl Corporation. -
Embedded Electronic Coding System
1 GUARD FOR BLIND PEOPLE GUARD FOR BLIND PEOPLE ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION LITAM 2 GUARD FOR BLIND PEOPLE ABSTRACT Aim of this project is to design and develop the electronic guard for blind people on embedded plat form. This project was developed for keep the right way for blind people. It has two important units; they are object detecting sensor unit and micro-controller alarm unit. The object detecting sensor is sense the opposite objects, if the blind person is going to hit any object, the sensor sense that object and given to controller. The controller activates the driver circuit; it will produce the alarm sound, now the people easily identify the opposite object. ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION LITAM 3 GUARD FOR BLIND PEOPLE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION LITAM 4 GUARD FOR BLIND PEOPLE 1.1 METHODOLOGY OF STUDY An embedded based electronic code locking system is designed and implemented using PIC Micro controller to make security. The entire project was developed under embedded systems. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS: A system is something that maintains its existence and functions as a whole through the interaction of its parts. E.g. Body, Mankind, Access Control, etc A system is a part of the world that a person or group of persons during some time interval and for some purpose choose to regard as a whole, consisting of interrelated components, each component characterized by properties that are selected as being relevant to the purpose. • Embedded System is a combination of hardware and software used to achieve a single specific task. • Embedded systems are computer systems that monitor, respond to, or control an external environment. -
Appendix A: Microprocessor Data Sheets
Appendix A: Microprocessor Data Sheets Intel8085 Zilog Z80 MOS Technology 6502 Motorola 6809 Microcontrollers (Single-chip Microcomputers) Intel 8086 ( & 80186 & 80286) Zilog Z8000 Motorola 68000 32-bit Microprocessors lnmos Transputer 184 Appendix A 185 Intel 8085 Followed on from the 8080, which was a two-chip equivalent of the 8085. Not used in any home computers, but was extremely popular in early (late 1970s) industrial control systems. A15-A8 A B c D E Same register AD7-ADO H L set is used in SP 8080 PC ALE Flags Multiplexed d ata bus and lower half of address bus (require 8212 to split data and address buses) Start addresses of Interrupt P/Os Service Routines: 8155- 3 ports, 256 bytes RAM RESET-()()()(J 8255 - 3 ports TRAP- 0024 8355 - 2 ports, 2K ROM RST5.5- 002C 8755 - 2 ports, 2K EPROM RST6.5 - ()(J34 RST7.5- <XJ3C INTR - from interrupting device Other 8251- USART 8202 - Dynamic RAM controller support 8253- CTC (3 counters) 8257 - DMA controller devices: 8271 - FDC 8257 - CRT controller Intel DMA Control System Character CPU buses de-multiplexed Video signal to CRT 186 Microcomputer Fault-finding and Design Zilog Z80 Probably the most popular 8-bit microprocessor. Used in home computers (Spectrum, Amstrad, Tandy), office computers and industrial controllers. A F A' F' B c B' C' D E D' E' H L H' L' 8 data Interrupt Memory lines vector I refresh R Index register IX Index register IY (to refresh dynamic RAMI Stack pointer Based on the Intel 8085, but possesses second set of registers. -
Programmable Digital Microcircuits - a Survey with Examples of Use
- 237 - PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL MICROCIRCUITS - A SURVEY WITH EXAMPLES OF USE C. Verkerk CERN, Geneva, Switzerland 1. Introduction For most readers the title of these lecture notes will evoke microprocessors. The fixed instruction set microprocessors are however not the only programmable digital mi• crocircuits and, although a number of pages will be dedicated to them, the aim of these notes is also to draw attention to other useful microcircuits. A complete survey of programmable circuits would fill several books and a selection had therefore to be made. The choice has rather been to treat a variety of devices than to give an in- depth treatment of a particular circuit. The selected devices have all found useful ap• plications in high-energy physics, or hold promise for future use. The microprocessor is very young : just over eleven years. An advertisement, an• nouncing a new era of integrated electronics, and which appeared in the November 15, 1971 issue of Electronics News, is generally considered its birth-certificate. The adver• tisement was for the Intel 4004 and its three support chips. The history leading to this announcement merits to be recalled. Intel, then a very young company, was working on the design of a chip-set for a high-performance calculator, for and in collaboration with a Japanese firm, Busicom. One of the Intel engineers found the Busicom design of 9 different chips too complicated and tried to find a more general and programmable solu• tion. His design, the 4004 microprocessor, was finally adapted by Busicom, and after further négociation, Intel acquired marketing rights for its new invention. -
VISION Calibration and Data Acquisition Software Toolkits
VISION TM Toolkits VISION • No-Hooks • OnTarget • MBC VISION Calibration and Data Acquisition Software Toolkits ATI VISION Calibration and Data Acquisition software is modular in design based. The modularity of VISION toolkits provides the ability to customize VISION based on a desired level of functionality. VISION toolkits are task based feature groups that are based on customer usage models in the calibration and data acquisition fields. A VISION toolkit configuration can range from a single toolkit to view and analyze recorded data to a full ECU calibration solution with Rapid Prototyping features. Cost effective packages can easily be created based on end user need. This document contains the available VISION toolkits as of VISION 6.0. VISION Toolkits and Descriptions: Part Number Name Description Base VISION 3 Build device tree (All devices can be added to the tree, but cannot go online with any particular device unless the necessary toolkit is enabled). 3 Configure ATI hardware. 3 Acquire data from ATI Data Acquisition hardware into VISION recorders and screen objects (Not ECU Interfaces unless the appropriate ECU Interface Toolkit is enabled). 3 View data on a Data List (This is the only screen object available to view data). 3 CAN Trace object (Only ATI branded CAN Interface unless VISION Third Party CAN Interface Toolkit is enabled). 3 Configure Network Hub Logger functionality (Limited to only ATI Data Acquisition items or CAN objects unless ECU Interface Toolkits are present to enable configuring acquisition of ECU data items). 3 Retrieve data files from Network Hub Logger (Including attaching a DBC file upon NONE VISION Base retrieving of the files to convert CAN messages to signals). -
2.19 Historical Perspective and Further Reading 2.19
2.19 Historical Perspective and Further Reading 2.19 This section surveys the history of instruction set architraves over time, and we give a short history of programming languages and compilers. ISAs include accu- mulator architectures, general-purpose register architectures, stack architectures, and a brief history of the IA-32. We also review the controversial subjects of high- level-language computer architectures and reduced instruction set computer architectures. The history of programming languages includes Fortran, Lisp, Algol, C, Cobol, Pascal, Simula, Smalltalk, C++, and Java, and the history of com- pilers includes the key milestones and the pioneers who achieved them. Accumulator Architectures accumulator:Archaic term for register. On-line use of it Hardware was precious in the earliest stored-program computers. Consequently, as a synonym for “register” is computer pioneers could not afford the number of registers found in today’s a fairly reliable indication machines. In fact, these machines had a single register for arithmetic instructions. that the user has been Since all operations would accumulate in a single register, it was called the accu- around quite a while. mulator, and this style of instruction set is given the same name. For example, EDSAC in 1949 had a single accumulator. Eric Raymond, The New The three-operand format of MIPS suggests that a single register is at least two Hacker’s Dictionary, 1991 registers shy of our needs. Having the accumulator as both a source operand and as the destination of the operation fills part of the shortfall, but it still leaves us one operand short. That final operand is found in memory. -
FM-ONE Flash Memory MCU PROGRAMMER for the Operation Procedures
FM-ONE Flash memory MCU PROGRAMMER For the Operation Procedures CONTENTS◆ IMPORTANT ..................................................................................... 1 ON-BOARD PROGRAMMER ........................................................... 2 FM-ONE FUTURES ................................................ 2 SPECIFICATIONS .................................................... 2 【Package Style】 ................................................................. 2 【Product and contained accessories】................................. 3 【The provided CD includes】 ............................................... 3 【Brief specifications of the main body】 ............................... 4 【Specifications of FM-ONE Project File Maker】 ............... 4 【Parts names】 .................................................................... 5 【Side of body】 .................................................................... 5 Battery Holder Guidance ........................................................... 6 About some changes on display for upgrade ............................ 7 Preparation ................................................................................ 8 Installation of FM-ONE Project File Maker ............. 8 Target board ............................................................. 9 Connector and Cable ................................................ 9 CONNECTION IMAGE ............................................................ 9 Insertion of CF .......................................................... 9 RECOGNITION OF -
A Characterization of Processor Performance in the VAX-1 L/780
A Characterization of Processor Performance in the VAX-1 l/780 Joel S. Emer Douglas W. Clark Digital Equipment Corp. Digital Equipment Corp. 77 Reed Road 295 Foster Street Hudson, MA 01749 Littleton, MA 01460 ABSTRACT effect of many architectural and implementation features. This paper reports the results of a study of VAX- llR80 processor performance using a novel hardware Prior related work includes studies of opcode monitoring technique. A micro-PC histogram frequency and other features of instruction- monitor was buiit for these measurements. It kee s a processing [lo. 11,15,161; some studies report timing count of the number of microcode cycles execute z( at Information as well [l, 4,121. each microcode location. Measurement ex eriments were performed on live timesharing wor i loads as After describing our methods and workloads in well as on synthetic workloads of several types. The Section 2, we will re ort the frequencies of various histogram counts allow the calculation of the processor events in 5 ections 3 and 4. Section 5 frequency of various architectural events, such as the resents the complete, detailed timing results, and frequency of different types of opcodes and operand !!Iection 6 concludes the paper. specifiers, as well as the frequency of some im lementation-s ecific events, such as translation bu h er misses. ?phe measurement technique also yields the amount of processing time spent, in various 2. DEFINITIONS AND METHODS activities, such as ordinary microcode computation, memory management, and processor stalls of 2.1 VAX-l l/780 Structure different kinds. This paper reports in detail the amount of time the “average’ VAX instruction The llf780 processor is composed of two major spends in these activities.