Levels of Spatial Planning in Stuttgart

Titel Stufen der raeumlichen Planung englisch 29.01.2007 11:19 Uhr Seite 1

Working papers on Urban Development Planning Levels of spatial planning

Department of City Planning and Urban Renewal S LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

Publisher State Capital Stuttgart Department of City Planning and Urban Renewal Department of Urban Development

Professional Treatment City development planning Karin Lauser

Address Amt fuer Stadtplanung und Stadterneuerung Eberhardstrasse 10 Graf-Eberhard-Bau D-70173 Stuttgart Germany www.stuttgart.de/stadtplanung [email protected]

Translation Karoline Brombach

Graphics / Layout Karl-Heinz Staudinger

Printed January 2007 LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

The responsibility for regional planning can be the task of counties (Niedersachsen), of the states (Bayern, city states), of regional authorities (Frank- furt, Hannover) or of a regional parliament (Stutt- gart). In this decentralized system, regional planning is necessary to coordinate and balance the sometimes egoistic planning intentions of single municipalities. Local planning autonomy can also be affected by sectoral plans for supra-local infrastructure projects based on special laws (water, air, traffic, energy, nature protection, etc.).

On July 20th 2004, national law (“Europarechts- anpassungsgesetz Bau - EAG Bau”) confirmed As a continuously developing city, Stuttgart – the the German Federal Building Code to EU Direc- capital of the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg – has tives. With the implementation of the EU “Direc- to master the challenges of up-to-date urban tive on the Assessment of the Effects of Plans and planning and meet the demands of its location Programmes on the Environment“ – the core of and of its inhabitants. the amendment – the formal procedure of municipal land use and development planning has Today, local planning focuses on infill develop- been widely modified. ment, urban regeneration, and on the reuse and reactivation of brownfields as potential sites for These changes within the legal framework as well building. as a great demand for this brochure voiced by po- litical representatives and the public prompted us Stuttgart is a growing city; numerous urban de- to update the contents in a third edition. velopments and traffic projects have been targeted or are already under construction. Priorities in- This edition gives an overview on the levels of spa- clude the provision of new housing and the de- tial planning in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, velopment of industrial and commercial sites and exemplified through the City of Stuttgart. It con- efficient traffic networks. At the same time, the tains a brief and concise summary of all essential qualities of open space, green corridors, nature planning information. and landscapes have to be safeguarded and protected. Planning has to account for all the aspects, I hope that, with this brochure, we can provide interests and needs that contribute to creating good insight into the various levels of planning in attractive and healthy urban living conditions. Germany – may it contribute to making the com- plex field of urban planning a little bit more com- According to the constitution of 1949, the Feder- prehensible and transparent. al Republic of Germany has a decentralized planning system with the planning jurisdiction on the municipal level. On the national level, there are only coordinating competences for some important sectors of infrastructure, such as federal highways, railways or nuclear energy.

The state planning in the 16 federal states sets a more theoretical frame but is specified by the re- Dr.-Ing. Detlef Kron gional planning authorities. According to the different state laws, there is a big variety in the legal Director of Department of City construction of regional planning. Planning and Urban Renewal LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

From state spatial planning to municipal land use and development planning to application for building permission

State Development Plan State Landscape Programme

Regional Landscape Regional Plan Framework Plan

Urban Development Strategy

Preparatory Land Use Plan Landscape Plan

Urban Framework Plan

Local Development Plan Local Green Structure Plan

Local Design Plan

City Bye-Laws

Application for Building Permission

obligatory plan, legally binding additional plan as necessary, not legally binding STATE DEVELOPMENT PLAN settlement density with lower settlement density with higher Rural areas: agglomerations Urban fringeof Urban agglomerations L EVELS OFSPATIAL P LANNING IN S TUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

State Development Plan Territory covered by plan Landesentwicklungsplan The plan covers Baden-Wuerttemberg as the third largest German state with a resident population Objective and content of about 10.7 million within an area of 35,752 The Landesentwicklungsplan (LEP) ”State Devel- square kilometers or 13,804 square miles (as of opment Plan” specifies the goals of spatial devel- 2005). opment for the entire state of Baden-Wuerttem- berg. In particular, it maps the central places and Scale their catchment areas, superordinate develop- Content of plan predominantly in written form ment corridors as well as the borders in between Maps 1 : 900 000 open spaces and densely populated areas. The Landesentwicklungsplan is subdivided into gener- Planning interval al policies and objectives on the state and region- Approximately 10 years targeted. The valid plan al level and into sectoral plans. of 2002 replaces the preceding plan of 1983.

Landesentwicklungsplaene are prepared by the Legal basis single German states (the so-called Laender). On Raumordnungsgesetz (ROG) ”Federal Regional the federal level, they are coordinated by the Mi- Planning Act”, Landesplanungsgesetz (LplG) nisterkonferenz fuer Raumordnung (MKRO) „Mi- ”State Planning Act” nisterial Conference on Regional Planning” that is also responsible for the Bundesraumordnungs- Public participation programm ”Federal Planning Programme for the Indirectly via 1,500 planning authorities of feder- Regions“. ation, state and municipalities, trade associations, nature conservation associations, etc. As far as it is required and applicable, the Landes- entwicklungsplan incorporates the provisions of Planning authority the Landschaftsrahmenprogramm ”State Land- Wirtschaftsministerium ”State Ministry of Eco- scape Programme“ and its updates. It is a state nomic Affairs of Baden-Wuerttemberg” sectoral plan that contains aims on nature protection, landscape conservation and the preservation Adoption / supervisory body of green spaces for recreational land use. Landtag ”State Parliament of Baden-Wuerttem- The Landesentwicklungsbericht (LEB) ”State De- berg” velopment Report” is published at regular inter- vals. It describes spatially relevant tendencies and developments of population, housing, employ- ment, and commuter traffic. In 1995, the state government’s cabinet adopted the Landesent- wicklungsbericht that covered a report period from 1987 to 1994, but also depicted long-term developments beyond this period. Based on this Landesentwicklungsbericht, the Landesentwick- lungsplan from 1983 has been recently updated so that the newest version of the plan, LEP 2002, now constitutes an up-to-date guide to spatial development for the state of Baden-Wuerttem- berg. Simultaneously, the 1998 amendment of the Raumordnungsgesetz (ROG) ”Federal Region- al Planning Act” was implemented. REGIONAL PLAN L EVELS OFSPATIAL P LANNING IN S TUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

Regional Plan Territory covered by plan Regionalplan The plan covers the Greater Stuttgart Region, which includes the municipality of Stuttgart (the Objective and content state capital of Baden-Wuerttemberg) and the In the Regionalplan ”Regional Plan”, contents of counties Boeblingen, Esslingen, Goeppingen, the Landesentwicklungsplan ”State Development Ludwigsburg and Rems-Murr-Kreis with a resi- Plan” are adopted and contextualized for the area dent population of about 2.7 million in 179 mu- of the Greater Stuttgart Region. As the Region- nicipalities within an area of 3,650 square kilome- alplan transfers contents of state sectoral plan- ters or 1,409 square miles (as of 2005). ning onto the regional level, it can be seen as a link between state and municipal planning. Scale The essential part is the 1 : 50 000 Raumnut- The Regional Plan is subdivided into the following zungskarte ”Land Utilisation Map” with general- parts: goals, basic principles, recommendations ized spatial delineations (not at lot level). and written statements for the development of Planning interval settlements, green belts, and infrastructure. Approximately 10-15 years targeted. The up-dat- It outlines the regional structure of land uses and ed 4th Regional Plan was adopted by the Regio- governs the spatial order to coordinate the devel- nalversammlung (”Regional Assembly”) on July opment of settlement and recreational uses with 22nd 1998 and is binding since March 1st 1999. transportation and infrastructure networks and The next update is currently being prepared. It public facilities. An underlying basic planning starts in 2006 and targets the year 2020. principle is the concept of development corridors and central places. It concentrates new urban de- Legal basis velopment along corridors with capacious traffic Raumordnungsgesetz (ROG) ”Federal Regional infrastructure and ensures a well-balanced distri- Planning Act“, Landesplanungsgesetz (LplG) bution of interacting central functions among the ”State Planning Act”, Gesetz ueber die Staer- municipalities and their surrounding areas. kung der Zusammenarbeit in der Region Stutt- gart of February 7th 1994 (a bill to enhance col- As far as required and applicable, the Regional laboration within the Stuttgart Region). Plan incorporates the aims of the Landschaftsrah- menplan ”Regional Landscape Framework Plan” Public participation and the Regionalverkehrsplan ”Regional Traffic Since 2006, two stages of public participation: and Transport Plan“. The Landschaftsrahmenplan 1. Informal participation of planning authorities, describes and specifies the conditions and de- counties, municipalities, nature conservation as- mands of open space that spatial planning needs sociations, etc. 2. Official open public participa- to take into account. In contrast, the Region- tion with display of draft plan. alverkehrsplan contains strategies and plans for the development of regional transportation net- Planning authority works. The Verband Region Stuttgart as public corpora- tion with its bodies Regionalversammlung ”Re- The Regional Plan is drawn up by the Verband Re- gional Assembly” and Geschaeftsstelle ”Execu- gion Stuttgart (a regional association) as an inter- tive Office”. The 95 members of the Regionalver- departmental long-term concept. sammlung have been directly elected by the Greater Stuttgart Region’s residents for a second time in 2004.

Adoption / supervisory body Wirtschaftsministerium ”State Ministry of Eco- nomic Affairs of Baden-Wuerttemberg” URBAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY L EVELS OFSPATIAL P LANNING IN S TUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

Urban Development Strategy Territory covered by plan Stadtentwicklungsplan Entire municipality of Stuttgart or parts of it, depending on subject of plan. Objective and content There is no clear and generally binding definition Scale of what a Stadtentwicklungsplan ”Urban Devel- 1 : 2 500 - 1 : 20 000, mainly in written form. opment Strategy” is. Neither a binding adminis- trative territory nor a formal planning procedure Planning interval is regulated by law. It basically comprises any 15 to 20 years. long-term strategy for analysis, information, coordination and governance of municipal planning Legal basis concerns. Thus, it ties together the economic, en- None vironmental and social concerns of a city with ne- cessities of urban development. Public participation Corresponding to planning task, coached Important instruments and tasks of the Stuttgart discussions, forums and workshops. Urban Development Strategy are: Planning authority I Coordination of sectoral planning (schools, The City of Stuttgart sports, playgrounds, and social services, amongst others) with urban planning. Adoption / supervisory body Municipal Council I Individual plans in the fields of housing (for example Housing Report), economic development (for example Report on Perspectives for Economic Development in Stuttgart), and public infrastructure.

I Provision and allocation of playgrounds.

I Guidelines for various fields of urban development (Concept for the Allocation of Neighbor- hood Centers and Big Box Retail) and structur- al framework concepts for selected locations (for example single districts or sub-regions).

In fall 2004, an interdepartmental strategy for city development in Stuttgart (the so-called STEK - StadtEntwicklungsKonzept) was brought for- ward. It provided a basis for the Stadtentwick- lungsplan (a comprehensive urban development plan) for the fields of housing, economy and em- ployment, culture and education, recreation and sports, social affairs, landscape and open spaces, mobility and traffic. This overall citywide planning assessment – that also puts emphasis on selected model projects – is meant to be a ”navigator” for spatial planning as it provides a broad framework for various fields of action. PREPARATORY LAND USE PLAN L EVELS OFSPATIAL P LANNING IN S TUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

Preparatory Land Use Plan § 5 ”Federal Building Code” Flaechennutzungsplan (1) The preparatory land use plan shall repre- sent in basic form the type of land uses aris- Objective and content ing for the entire municipal territory in ac- German municipal planning (Bauleitplanung) cordance with the intended urban develop- consists of two levels of planning: preparatory ment which is proposed to correspond to the land use planning and legally binding local devel- anticipated needs of the municipality. opment planning at the single lot level. The Flae- chennutzungsplan (FNP,F-Plan) ”Preparatory Land Use Plan” prepares and organizes the use of all lots located within a municipality for building and Territory covered by plan other types of use according to the prerequisites Entire municipality of Stuttgart, with a resident of the Baugesetzbuch (BauGB) ”Federal Building population of about 590,000 within an area of Code”. Usually, the planning interval is 15 years. 207 square kilometers or 80 square miles (as of 2005). The Flaechennutzungsplan has to be aligned with the aims of state spatial planning and regional de- Scale velopment planning. It outlines the existing or en- 1 : 10 000 visaged structure of land use of the municipal territory, especially residential, commercial and Planning interval transportation uses, green spaces, agricultural 10 to 15 years, current plan effective until 2010. and forestry land. It is drawn up in order to secure planned urban Legal basis development. The FNP consists of a map, a writ- Baugesetzbuch (BauGB) § 5 ”Federal Building ten part and an explanatory report. Code”

According to state law of 1975, from 1976 to Public participation 1994, preparatory land use planning was in the According to the requirements of the BauGB two responsibility of an inter-communal planning au- stages of open public participation. thority (Nachbarschaftsverband) of 28 municipalities with 1.3 million inhabitants. 1. participation of the public at the earliest possible stage The current Flaechennutzungsplan 2010 of the 2. public display of draft plan. City of Stuttgart was based on seven ”Inspection Reports” from 1995. It was adopted on February Planning authority 9th 2000 (amendment in 2001) and contains The City of Stuttgart comprehensive policies and aims for spatial development up to the year 2010 or longer. Adoption / supervisory body Regierungspraesidium (state authority on For the FNP, a generalized delineation of land uses subministry level) is sufficient. In practice, however, single resolutions of the Stuttgart Municipal Council lead to a plan that is widely precise at lot level. The FNP is legally binding for public authorities, but it does not establish any direct legal rights for land owners from which claims for compensation can be derived. This is why the FNP can be modified without compensation. LANDSCAPE PLAN L EVELS OFSPATIAL P LANNING IN S TUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

Landscape Plan Territory covered by plan Landschaftsplan Entire municipality of Stuttgart, with a resident population of about 590,000 within an area of Objective and content 207 square kilometers or 80 square miles (as of The Landschaftsplan (LSP) ”Landscape Plan” im- 2005). plements the aims of nature protection and landscape conservation and thus adds these compo- Scale nents to municipal urban development and land 1 : 10 000 use planning. When the Flaechennutzungsplan was updated on July 18th 1996, the Municipal Planning interval Council simultaneously decided to draw up a new Not regulated by law, approximately 10 years tar- Landschaftsplan. The Landschaftsplan supple- geted in Stuttgart; current update of plan effec- ments and counterbalances the provisions of the tive until 2010 or longer. Flaechennutzungsplan and elaborates on landscape as a natural life resource. It covers both set- Legal basis tled and non-settled areas, as well as areas zoned Naturschutzgesetz NatSchG Baden-Wuerttem- for development. berg (”Nature Protection Statute” of Baden- Wuerttemberg) By combining the Flaechennutzungsplan with the Landschaftsplan, a comprehensive citywide Public participation scheme for spatial development is obtained that According to the requirements of the Baugesetz- integrates concepts for built up areas as well as buch (BauGB) ”Federal Building Code”, two sta- for open spaces. The LSP is an independent secto- ges of public participation paralleling the partici- ral plan that does not require a formal plan appro- pation process of the Flaechennutzungsplan (q. v. val. The Landschaftsplan 2010 is based on a new FNP, public participation) system of categories (guiding functions: recreation, protected species/biotopes, and agriculture) Planning authority and defines areas zoned as agricultural develop- The City of Stuttgart ment zones. The latter are agricultural areas that will be ecologically improved in order to become Adoption / supervisory body ”mitigation areas” (areas that mitigate the im- Municipal Council pairment building interventions into natural areas cause).

Essential statements of the current Landscape Plan draft (for example, the identification of areas with insufficient green spaces, the designation of green corridors within built up areas, of landscape development areas, and of zones for mitigation measures, allotment and market-garden- ing) entered the Flaechennutzungsplan that is now binding in effect. URBAN FRAMEWORK PLAN L EVELS OFSPATIAL P LANNING IN S TUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

Urban Framework Plan Territory covered by plan Staedtebaulicher Rahmenplan Depending on project; normally entire city districts. Objective and content The Staedtebauliche Rahmenplan ”Urban Frame- Scale work Plan” constitutes a non-formalized level of 1 : 500 / 1 : 1 000 spatial planning that lies in between the Prepara- tory Land Use Plan and Local Development Plan. Planning interval It is not codified by the Baugesetzbuch (BauGB) Short-term to long-term. ”Federal Building Code” and non-obligatory. Legal basis In practice, however, the Staedtebauliche Rah- None menplan proved to be a valuable and flexible tool to steer urban development within built up areas. Public participation Discussion with affected parties and advisory It is an essential function of the Rahmenplan to district boards. define the municipality’s development and planning goals for those parts of the city that show Planning authority tendencies of urban change. In practice, the plan- City of Stuttgart ning intentions for public spaces and streets can be described more precisely than those for pri- Adoption / supervisory body vate building sites. This is why the Rahmenplan Municipal Council often also functions similarly to a Stadtgestal- tungsplan ”Local Design Plan”.

Unlike the Bebauungsplan ”Local Development Plan”, the Rahmenplan is not subject to legal regulations. Thus, it may be adjusted to the given conditions of a planning case in a pragmatic way. However, it does not have a binding effect for land owners. Another advantage of the Rahmen- plan is that it is by far easier to understand for non-professionals than a Bebauungsplan. In case the desired planning goal can not be achieved through other planning procedures, a new Bebauungsplan is derived from the Rahmen- plan. Usually, this is only necessary for selected parts of a Rahmenplan. LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN L EVELS OFSPATIAL P LANNING IN S TUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

Local Development Plan On sites within built up areas without a B-Plan in Bebauungsplan effect, a building permission can be granted if the building proposal blends with the characteristic Objective and content features of its immediate environment and the The Bebauungsplan (B-Plan) ”Local Development provision of local public infrastructure has been Plan” / ”Legally Binding Land Use Plan” / ”Zoning secured (§ 34 BauGB). Specific singular projects Map” is the second, legally-binding level of Ger- are subject to Planfeststellungsverfahren (a spe- man municipal development and land use plan- cial plan approval procedure), for example high- ning (Bauleitplanung). It is derived from the Flae- ways, railroads or airports, according to special chennutzungsplan ”Preparatory Land Use Plan” federal infrastructure laws. and safeguards the socially equitable use of land for the good of the general community. Territory covered by plan Whereas the Flaechennutzungsplan contains the Depending on project. general guidelines for the urban development of an entire municipality, the B-Plan particularizes Scale 1 : 500 / 1 : 1 000 the plan at lot level and makes it legally binding. Planning interval According to the prerequisites of the Baugesetz- Unlimited; the municipality’s obligation to compen- buch (BauGB) ”Federal Building Code” as of Au- sate property owners for change or withdrawal of gust 2004, an Umweltpruefung (UP) ”Environ- permitted but not executed use normally expires mental Impact Assessment” (EIA) has to be con- after 7 years. ducted during B-Plan preparation. It identifies the expected impact on the environment, described Legal basis and evaluated in an Umweltbericht ”Environmen- §§ 1 and 9 Baugesetzbuch (BauGB) ”Federal Building tal Report”. Code” Public participation A B-Plan that contains a basic set of designations According to the requirements of the BauGB, partici- is called a ”qualifizierter Bebauungsplan” ”Qua- pation of the public at the earliest possible stage and lified Local Development Plan”. In this case, reg- a second public display of draft plan (open public par- ulations must at least comprise the type and de- ticipation for one month) with examination of sug- gree of building and land use, specification of lot gestions. areas which may or may not be built on, and de- Since 2007, in order to accelerate Bebauungsplaene signation of public thoroughfares (§ 30 BauGB). der Innernentwicklung “legally binding brownfield development plans”, you can abstain form the early The B-Plan governs the construction or alteration stage of civic participation and from an UP “Environ- of building structures on a site. It provides reg- mental Impact Assessment” (§ 13a BauGB) ulations for land registration, reallocation and ex- Planning authority propriation, and serves as a basis for the provi- City of Stuttgart sion of public infrastructure and for the calculati- on of fees charged for it. Adoption / supervisory body The Municipal Council adopts the binding plan as a Some older parts of the City of Stuttgart are not statute. It enters into force on being advertised. In covered by B-Plan as the Ortsbausatzung (OBS; a case the B-Plan is not derived from an adopted Flae- local building statute of 1935) is still in effect the- chennutzungsplan, permission has to be granted by re (and provides the same level of regulation as a the Regierungspraesidium (state authority on sub- ”qualifizierter Bebauungsplan”). ministry level). LOCAL GREEN STRUCTURE PLAN L EVELS OFSPATIAL P LANNING IN S TUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

Local Green Structure Plan Territory covered by plan Gruenordnungsplan Depending on project, partly exceeding the B-Plan territory. Objective and content The Gruenordnungplan (GOP) ”Local Green Scale Structure Plan” / ”Open Space Structure Plan” is 1 : 500 / 1 : 1 000 a non-formalized, supplementary plan of the Be- bauungsplan ”Local Development Plan”. Planning interval According to the state’s ”Nature Protection Stat- Unlimited ute” (NatSchG § 7 Abs. 1 and § 9 Abs. 1), municipal planning authorities are obliged to work on Legal basis a Gruenordnungsplan as soon and as far as neces- Naturschutzgesetz NatSchG Baden-Wuerttem- sary to adopt, complement, alter or override cur- berg ”Nature Protection Statute” of Baden- rent local development plans. Wuerttemberg, Baugesetzbuch (BauGB) ”Federal Building Code” Gruenordnungsplaene specify the local requirements and measures needed to implement the Public participation goals of nature protection, landscape conserva- Public bodies (plan contents entering Bebauungs- tion and preservation of green spaces for recrea- plan: q. v.) tional land use. They contain measures needed to enforce the goals of landscape development as Planning authority described in the Landschaftsrahmenprogramm City of Stuttgart ”State Landscape Programme” and the municipal Landschaftsplan (LSP) ”Landscape Plan”. Adoption / supervisory body Municipal Council The role of green structure planning is to monitor and evaluate the conditions of green spaces – may they be unspoiled nature or man-made environment – based on ecological, social, economic and technical knowledge. It also includes asses- sing the impacts and environmental impairment different uses cause on the ecosystem and on the natural landscape scenery.

Another part of green structure planning is to ful- fill the obligation for compensation of environmental impairment. The ”Eingriffsregel” (regulation on interventions and compensation for impairment) is based on the prerequisites of the Bundesnaturschutzgesetz ”Federal Nature Con- servation Act”.

In general, Gruenordnungsplaene are not legally binding. Nevertheless, as they constitute sectoral plans, they are legally binding for public authorities. Selected contents of GOPs can become legally binding when entering a Bebauungsplan ”Lo- cal Development Plan”. LOCAL DESIGN PLAN L EVELS OFSPATIAL P LANNING IN S TUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

Local Design Plan Territory covered by plan Gestaltungsplan Corresponding to the single project or planning area Objective and content In a Gestaltungsplan ”Local Design Plan”, the de- Scale sign of public spaces is regulated in detail. 1 : 500 and detailed plan 1 : 200 It focuses on the design of streetscapes, particu- larly where different claims have to be reconciled, Planning interval for example in the demands of traffic, communi- Not limited, project-related cation, commerce, representation, and heritage identification. Legal basis Local bye-laws according to the State Building Usually, street paving, locations for trees, traffic Regulations routing and parking spaces are subject to this plan, but advertising billboards, lighting criteria Public participation and the design of facades may also be regulated. Advisory district boards, public bodies (fire department, power authority, etc.), in particular cases A Gestaltungsplan has to be drawn up if clear in- adjacent owners. tentions to modify or redevelop a street or urban square are on hand. Planning authority City of Stuttgart The plan may also lay down provisions for the design of spaces on adjacent sites, partly on volun- Adoption / supervisory body tary basis for private properties. If there is no le- Municipal Council gal base for detailed design regulation, support programs should encourage owners to comply (for example for façade or courtyard vegetation or green roofs). CITY BYE-LAWS L EVELS OFSPATIAL P LANNING IN S TUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

City Bye-Laws Territory covered by plan Sonstige Satzungen Depending on project

Objective and content Scale In historic urban cores or in the inner city, the mu- Depending on project, for example 1 : 500 nicipality may designate areas for ”sonstige Sat- zungen” ”City Bye-Laws”. Specific planning stat- Planning interval utes are imposed here in order to preserve the ur- Unlimited, except for Veraenderungssperre (max. ban structure of those areas. 4 years)

I The Sanierungssatzung ”Redevelopment Stat- Legal basis ute” allows the municipality to formally desig- BauGB ”Federal Building Code”, LBO ”State nate areas in which a redevelopment measure Building Regulations” is to be implemented (formally designated redevelopment area). This area is to be demar- Public participation cated in such a way as to allow for the speedy Consultation of advisory district boards, method execution of the redevelopment measure by of participation depends on planning procedure. the ”Special Urban Planning Legislation” (§ 142 BauGB – ”Federal Building Code”). Planning authority I By the Erhaltungssatzung ”Preservation Stat- --- ute” areas may be designated in which permission is required for the demolition, alteration Adoption or change in use of physical structures. It is im- Municipal Council posed in order to preserve the specific urban character of an area or to maintain the com- Supervisory body position of the local residential population and Regierungspraesidium (state authority on thus prevent negative effects on the urban sub-ministry level) structure (§ 172 BauGB). I The Vorkaufsrechtssatzung ”Statutory Pre- Emption Rights” allows for the designation of spaces where urban development measures are being proposed. Within these areas, the municipality is entitled to exercise a pre-emption right in respect of the purchase of property in order to safeguard planned urban development (§ 25 BauGB). I Local building codes such as the Gestaltungs- satzung ”Design Statutes” (i.a. § 74 Landes- bauordnung (LBO) ”State Building Regula- tions”) may also enter a Bebauungsplan ”Local Development Plan”. I Further statutes are i.a. Veraenderungssperre ”Development Freeze” (§ 14 BauGB), Abrun- dungssatzung (a statute that allows to extend a plan to undesignated outlying areas; § 34 BauGB). APPLICATION FOR BUILDING PERMISSION L EVELS OFSPATIAL P LANNING IN S TUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

Application for Building Permission Territory covered by plan Baugesuch Single lot

Objective and content Scale In many cases, the erection and removal of build- Site plan 1 : 500 ings and other physical structures requires per- Architect’s plans 1 : 100 mission by building law or a ”Kenntnisgabever- fahren” (special procedure of notification; §§ 49- Planning interval 51 Landesbauordnung (LBO) ”State Building 3 years, optional renewal of permit Regulations”). The LBO defines buildings and physical structures as ”structures that are closely Legal basis connected with the building ground and made Landesbauordnung (LBO) ”State Building Regula- out of building materials”. This definition does tions” and associated ordinances Verfahrensver- not only relate to residential buildings but also in- ordnung (LBOVVO), Ausfuehrungsverordnung cludes other structures, such as, exhibition spaces (LBOAVO), Baugesetzbuch (BauGB) ”Federal and storage facilities. Building Code”, Baunutzungsverordnung (BauN- VO) ”Land Use Ordinance” The municipality’s Baurechtsamt ”Office for Buil- ding Control” is responsible for the issue of per- Public participation mits. Full particulars are regulated by the Landes- Adjacent owners on a regular basis bauordnung (§§ 52-59). There are generally three different procedures for building applications and Planning authority permissions: no permission required (verfahrens- Architect/civil engineer and building owner freie Vorhaben), projects permitted upon the Bau- rechtsamt’s official notification (Kenntnisgabever- Adoption / supervisory body fahren), and projects that require a formal buil- Baurechtsamt ”Office for Building Control” ding permission issued by the Baurechtsamt (An- (part of state authorities, not under municipal trag auf Baugenehmigung). directive)

The application for building permits must include all documents necessary to assess the building project and process the application (Bauvorlagen); in particular a site plan, the architect’s plans, written specifications, proof of stability and other technical proofs, and a drainage plan of the site. Full particulars are regulated by the Verfahrens- ordnung (LBOVVO) ”State Procedures Ordi- nance”.

If no regulations subject to public law are in- fringed by the project, a building permit is to be granted (§ 58 LBO). The Baurechtsamt has to control whether the project complies with planning law, building regulations, and other public legal requirements such as nature protection law, protection of historic monuments, or water protection laws or the laws of occupiers of adjoining properties. LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

General overview of stages in the production of Bebaungsplaene “Local Development Plans“ according to the requirements of the BauGB “Federal Building Code” (as of July 20th 2004)

Need for plan

Council resolution to draw up a plan

Preparation of first draft, alternative solutions, checklist for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

1. Early public participation

Preparation of draft plan

Participation of public authorities and public bodies

Preparation of draft plan including Environmental Impact Assessment

Council resolution to place plan on public display

2. Public display of Local Development Plan and Environmental Impact Assessment Report (one month)

Examination of suggestions, balance of intervention impairment and compensation

Council resolution to adopt plan

Notification on results of examination of suggestions

Entry into force on public announcement of approval LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

The Amt fuer Stadtplanung und Stadterneuerung “Department of City Planning and Urban Renewal“ resides in the landmarked building Graf-Eberhard- Bau, a previous book wholesale warehouse cen- trally located in the inner city of Stuttgart.

220 staff members within eight departments en- gage in the aspects of urban development, city planning, redevelopment and land reallocation in accordance with legal regulations and Municipal Council resolutions. Most of the planning work is executed within four subdivisions that focus on spatial sectors of Stuttgart (Mitte, Nord, Neckar, Filder). The departments are in charge for urban development, land use planning, landscape planning, traffic planning, urban design and protection of historic monuments, and, last but not least, for the organization of architecture and planning competitions. Amongst other things, about 20 Bebauungsplaene ”Local Development Plans” are finalized each year in cooperation with the specialized planning departments. This forms the legal basis for securing the housing supply, the provision of work places, and the realization of important infrastructure, investment and office location projects. The department initiates, coor- dinates and advises on the preparation and implementation of development and redevelopment measures as well as on procedures of land reallocation.

In doing so, it acts as a link between departments, architects, investors, funding authorities and citi- zens in the concerned respective areas.

We will be glad to give you information on plans that are on public display on the ground floor, such as new drafts for Bebaungsplaene ”Local Development Plans”, Staedtebauliche Rahmen- plaene ”Urban Framework Plans”, plan approval procedures and Gruenordnungsplaene ”Green Structure Plans”. Here, you are welcome to hand in your suggestions to the B-Plan drafts on display in the course of public participation.

For information on planning law affecting your building project, please refer to the BuergerSer- vice Bauen at the Baurechtsamt ”Office for Build- ing Control”, Eberhardstrasse 33, kitty-corner to our building. DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING AND URBAN RENEWAL AND URBAN OF CITY PLANNING DEPARTMENT Director of Department of City Planning and Urban Renewal Mr. Dr.- Ing. Kron 2333

Front desk Mrs. Janik 3344 Controlling Mrs. Niesler 2531 L EVELS OFSPATIAL 61-1 61-2 61-3 61-4 61-5 61-6 61-7 61-8 Verwaltung und Recht Stadtentwicklung Verkehrsplanung / Stadtgestaltung Staedtebauliche Planung Mitte Staedtebauliche Planung Nord Staedtebauliche Planung Neckar Staedtebauliche Planung Filder Stadterneuerung Bodenordnung Untere Denkmalschutzbehoerde Urban development Transport planning / Urban design Urban planning Mitte Urban planning Nord Urban planning Neckar Urban planning Filder Urban renewal Administration and law Land reallocation Protection of historic monuments Mr. Oehler 3077 Mr. Launer 7915 Mr. Klenk 6883 Mr. Seyboth 7649 Mr. Stuckenbrock 3339 Mr. Maurer 2391 Mr. Sonntag 2840 Mr. Wißler 5424 Mr. Gschwind 3689 Mr. Medek 3426 Mr. Weiler 3020 Mr. Herr Volkmer 6982 Mr. Haas 2851 Mr. Johann 6724 Mr. Maiwald 6756 Mr. Beierl 6300 Mr. Bertram 3710

61-1.1 61-2.1 61-3.1 61-4.1 61-5.1 61-6.1 61-7.1 61-8.1 P Allgemeine Verwaltung Stadtentwicklungsplanung Allgemeine Verkehrsplanung Mitte, Suttgart 21, Nord Feuerbach Bad Cannstatt, Muenster Moehringen Finanz- und Foerderangelegen- LANNING IN und zentrale Dienste Urban development strategy General transport planning Weilimdorf Muehlhausen Vaihingen heiten, Sonderprogramme Administration and central services Mr. Seyboth 7649 Financing and funding, special Bicycle matters Mrs. Fuhrich 2699 Mr. Härle 3123 Mr. Maiwald 6756 Mr. Beierl 6300 programmes Mr. Medek 3426 Mr. Weiler 3020 Mr. Köhnlein 3085 Mrs. Böhm 7871

61-1.2 61-2.2 61-3.2 61-4.2 61-5.2 61-6.2 61-7.2 61-8.2 S Informations- und Flaechennutzungsplanung Verkehrsentwurfsplanung West, Ost, Sued Stammheim Obertuerkheim, Untertuerkheim, Birkach, Degerloch Bodenordnung / Umlegung TUTTGART Kommunikationstechniken, Land use planning Transport design planning Zuffenhausen Hedelfingen, Wangen Plieningen, Sillenbuch Land reallocation / Land assembly Medien Information and communication, Mr. Haas 2851 Mr. Johann 6724 NN 3681 Mrs. Frucht 6632 media Mr. Krieger 6291 Mrs. Scherz 6796 Mr. Hegel 3103 Mr. Seeger 3651

61-1.3 61-2.3 61-3.3 61-8.3 Recht und Verfahren Landschaftsplanung Stadtgestaltung / Öffentlicher Raum Stadterneuerung Law and procedures Gruenordnungsplanung Urban design / Public space Stadtsanierung Landscape planning Urban redevelopment, city repair Green structures planning Mr. Zander 6833 Mr. Maier 7956 Mr. Volkmer 6982 Mr. Bertram 3710

61-1.4 Untere Denkmalschutzbehörde Protection of historic monuments

Mr. Oberle 6767 LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART

Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart The Buergerservice Bauen within the Amt fuer Stadtplanung und Baurechtsamt ”Office for Building Control” is Stadterneuerung the central contact point for everybody who State Capital Stuttgart, wants to build. We provide application forms, Department of City Planning and Urban Renewal copies of plans, and detailed information. We Eberhardstrasse 10, D-70173 Stuttgart offer a two-stages advisory service. General information is provided in stage one. In stage Public display of plans / opening hours two, specific questions on building projects can Phone +49 711 216-3450 be addressed. By request, the results can be documented and taken home. Monday-Wednesday Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart 8.30 - 12.30 and 14.00 - 15.30 Baurechtsamt Thursday Office for Building Control 8.30 - 12.30 and 14.00 - 17.00 Schwabenzentrum B2, Eberhardstrasse 33 Friday D-70173 Stuttgart 8.30 - 12.30 Information desk 1st floor How to contact us Fax +49 0711 216-7740 Phone ++49 711 216 23 34 E-mail [email protected] Fax ++49 711 216 83 06 www.stuttgart.de/stadtplanung E-mail [email protected] How to get to us by public transport Opening hours S-Bahn S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 stop ”Stadtmitte” Monday - Wednesday Stadtbahn 8.30 - 16.00 U1, U2, U4, U11 stop ”Rathaus” Thursday Bus 8.30 - 18.00 Lines 41, 43, 44, 92 stop ”Rathaus” Friday 8.30 - 12.00 Office hours Hauptbahnhof of department staff Linie 1 -6

tr. rgs Linie Arnulf Klett Platz Thursday 8.30 - 18.00 He be gels gs 5/6/7/15 tr. Krie str. Building Control

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Keplerstraße rie (Friedrichsbau) F Staatstheater r - S e Monday - Friday Königstrasse Linie 9/14 u Liederhalle Bo a lzs n tr. e 8.30 - 10.00 d Schloßplatz Landtag - A SchloßstraßeHaus der d or on appointment Wirtschaft Linie ra n 5/6/7/15 Neues o Berliner Platz Schloß K (Liederhalle) euss-Str. P r-H lan Linie 9/14 o ie Stiftskirche Fritz-Elsas-Str. Stadtmitte Theod Linie 1 - 6 Charlottenplatz Lange Str. Altes Schloss Linie 1/2/4 Rathaus Königstrasse

Nadlerstr. Rotebühlplatz Stadtmitte Linie 2/4/14 Hauptstätter Str. Rathaus Eberhardstr. Linie 1/2/4 GRAF-EBERHARD-BAU Amt für Stadtplanung SCHWABENZENTRUM BuergerServiceund Stadterneuerung Bauen Baurechtsamt