Levels of Spatial Planning in Stuttgart
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Titel Stufen der raeumlichen Planung englisch 29.01.2007 11:19 Uhr Seite 1 Working papers on Urban Development Planning Levels of spatial planning G in Stuttgart Department of City Planning and Urban Renewal S LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART Publisher State Capital Stuttgart Department of City Planning and Urban Renewal Department of Urban Development Professional Treatment City development planning Karin Lauser Address Amt fuer Stadtplanung und Stadterneuerung Eberhardstrasse 10 Graf-Eberhard-Bau D-70173 Stuttgart Germany www.stuttgart.de/stadtplanung [email protected] Translation Karoline Brombach Graphics / Layout Karl-Heinz Staudinger Printed January 2007 LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART The responsibility for regional planning can be the task of counties (Niedersachsen), of the states (Bayern, city states), of regional authorities (Frank- furt, Hannover) or of a regional parliament (Stutt- gart). In this decentralized system, regional plan- ning is necessary to coordinate and balance the sometimes egoistic planning intentions of single municipalities. Local planning autonomy can also be affected by sectoral plans for supra-local infra- structure projects based on special laws (water, air, traffic, energy, nature protection, etc.). On July 20th 2004, national law (“Europarechts- anpassungsgesetz Bau - EAG Bau”) confirmed As a continuously developing city, Stuttgart – the the German Federal Building Code to EU Direc- capital of the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg – has tives. With the implementation of the EU “Direc- to master the challenges of up-to-date urban tive on the Assessment of the Effects of Plans and planning and meet the demands of its location Programmes on the Environment“ – the core of and of its inhabitants. the amendment – the formal procedure of muni- cipal land use and development planning has Today, local planning focuses on infill develop- been widely modified. ment, urban regeneration, and on the reuse and reactivation of brownfields as potential sites for These changes within the legal framework as well building. as a great demand for this brochure voiced by po- litical representatives and the public prompted us Stuttgart is a growing city; numerous urban de- to update the contents in a third edition. velopments and traffic projects have been targe- ted or are already under construction. Priorities in- This edition gives an overview on the levels of spa- clude the provision of new housing and the de- tial planning in the state of Baden-Wuerttemberg, velopment of industrial and commercial sites and exemplified through the City of Stuttgart. It con- efficient traffic networks. At the same time, the tains a brief and concise summary of all essential qualities of open space, green corridors, nature planning information. and landscapes have to be safeguarded and pro- tected. Planning has to account for all the aspects, I hope that, with this brochure, we can provide interests and needs that contribute to creating good insight into the various levels of planning in attractive and healthy urban living conditions. Germany – may it contribute to making the com- plex field of urban planning a little bit more com- According to the constitution of 1949, the Feder- prehensible and transparent. al Republic of Germany has a decentralized plan- ning system with the planning jurisdiction on the municipal level. On the national level, there are only coordinating competences for some impor- tant sectors of infrastructure, such as federal highways, railways or nuclear energy. The state planning in the 16 federal states sets a more theoretical frame but is specified by the re- Dr.-Ing. Detlef Kron gional planning authorities. According to the dif- ferent state laws, there is a big variety in the legal Director of Department of City construction of regional planning. Planning and Urban Renewal LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART From state spatial planning to municipal land use and development planning to application for building permission State Development Plan State Landscape Programme Regional Landscape Regional Plan Framework Plan Urban Development Strategy Preparatory Land Use Plan Landscape Plan Urban Framework Plan Local Development Plan Local Green Structure Plan Local Design Plan City Bye-Laws Application for Building Permission obligatory plan, legally binding additional plan as necessary, not legally binding LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART Urban agglomerations Urban fringe of agglomerations Rural areas: with higher settlement density with lower settlement density STATE DEVELOPMENT PLAN STATE LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART State Development Plan Territory covered by plan Landesentwicklungsplan The plan covers Baden-Wuerttemberg as the third largest German state with a resident population Objective and content of about 10.7 million within an area of 35,752 The Landesentwicklungsplan (LEP) ”State Devel- square kilometers or 13,804 square miles (as of opment Plan” specifies the goals of spatial devel- 2005). opment for the entire state of Baden-Wuerttem- berg. In particular, it maps the central places and Scale their catchment areas, superordinate develop- Content of plan predominantly in written form ment corridors as well as the borders in between Maps 1 : 900 000 open spaces and densely populated areas. The Landesentwicklungsplan is subdivided into gener- Planning interval al policies and objectives on the state and region- Approximately 10 years targeted. The valid plan al level and into sectoral plans. of 2002 replaces the preceding plan of 1983. Landesentwicklungsplaene are prepared by the Legal basis single German states (the so-called Laender). On Raumordnungsgesetz (ROG) ”Federal Regional the federal level, they are coordinated by the Mi- Planning Act”, Landesplanungsgesetz (LplG) nisterkonferenz fuer Raumordnung (MKRO) „Mi- ”State Planning Act” nisterial Conference on Regional Planning” that is also responsible for the Bundesraumordnungs- Public participation programm ”Federal Planning Programme for the Indirectly via 1,500 planning authorities of feder- Regions“. ation, state and municipalities, trade associations, nature conservation associations, etc. As far as it is required and applicable, the Landes- entwicklungsplan incorporates the provisions of Planning authority the Landschaftsrahmenprogramm ”State Land- Wirtschaftsministerium ”State Ministry of Eco- scape Programme“ and its updates. It is a state nomic Affairs of Baden-Wuerttemberg” sectoral plan that contains aims on nature protec- tion, landscape conservation and the preservation Adoption / supervisory body of green spaces for recreational land use. Landtag ”State Parliament of Baden-Wuerttem- The Landesentwicklungsbericht (LEB) ”State De- berg” velopment Report” is published at regular inter- vals. It describes spatially relevant tendencies and developments of population, housing, employ- ment, and commuter traffic. In 1995, the state government’s cabinet adopted the Landesent- wicklungsbericht that covered a report period from 1987 to 1994, but also depicted long-term developments beyond this period. Based on this Landesentwicklungsbericht, the Landesentwick- lungsplan from 1983 has been recently updated so that the newest version of the plan, LEP 2002, now constitutes an up-to-date guide to spatial development for the state of Baden-Wuerttem- berg. Simultaneously, the 1998 amendment of the Raumordnungsgesetz (ROG) ”Federal Region- al Planning Act” was implemented. LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART REGIONAL PLAN LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART Regional Plan Territory covered by plan Regionalplan The plan covers the Greater Stuttgart Region, which includes the municipality of Stuttgart (the Objective and content state capital of Baden-Wuerttemberg) and the In the Regionalplan ”Regional Plan”, contents of counties Boeblingen, Esslingen, Goeppingen, the Landesentwicklungsplan ”State Development Ludwigsburg and Rems-Murr-Kreis with a resi- Plan” are adopted and contextualized for the area dent population of about 2.7 million in 179 mu- of the Greater Stuttgart Region. As the Region- nicipalities within an area of 3,650 square kilome- alplan transfers contents of state sectoral plan- ters or 1,409 square miles (as of 2005). ning onto the regional level, it can be seen as a link between state and municipal planning. Scale The essential part is the 1 : 50 000 Raumnut- The Regional Plan is subdivided into the following zungskarte ”Land Utilisation Map” with general- parts: goals, basic principles, recommendations ized spatial delineations (not at lot level). and written statements for the development of Planning interval settlements, green belts, and infrastructure. Approximately 10-15 years targeted. The up-dat- It outlines the regional structure of land uses and ed 4th Regional Plan was adopted by the Regio- governs the spatial order to coordinate the devel- nalversammlung (”Regional Assembly”) on July opment of settlement and recreational uses with 22nd 1998 and is binding since March 1st 1999. transportation and infrastructure networks and The next update is currently being prepared. It public facilities. An underlying basic planning starts in 2006 and targets the year 2020. principle is the concept of development corridors and central places. It concentrates new urban de- Legal basis velopment along corridors with capacious traffic Raumordnungsgesetz (ROG) ”Federal Regional infrastructure and ensures a