Green Roofs: a Resource Manual for Municipal Policy Makers
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green Roofs A Resource Manual for Municipal Policy Makers CMHC—Home to Canadians Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) has been Canada's national housing agency for over 60 years. Together with other housing stakeholders, we help ensure that Canada maintains one of the best housing systems in the world.We are committed to helping Canadians access a wide choice of quality, affordable homes, while making vibrant, healthy communities and cities a reality across the country. For more information, visit our website at www.cmhc.ca You can also reach us by phone at 1 800 668-2642 or by fax at 1 800 245-9274. Outside Canada call (613) 748-2003 or fax to (613) 748-2016. Authors Gail Lawlor Beth Anne Currie Hitesh Doshi Ireen Wieditz May 2006 Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation supports the Government of Canada policy on access to information for people with disabilities. If you wish to obtain this publication in alternative formats, call 1 800 668-2642. Green Roofs: A Resource Manual for Municipal Policy Makers Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation Green Roofs: A Resource Manual for Municipal Policy Makers Advisory Committee Region Name Contact Information West (B.C.) Dale Mikklesen City of Vancouver (604) 871-6168 [email protected] West (Alta.) Kerry Ross Studio T Design (403) 220-0542 [email protected] West (Man.) Rodney McDonald McDonald and Hardess Sustainability Group Inc. (204) 478-0598 [email protected] Central (Ont.) Karen Moyer City of Waterloo (519) 747-8609 [email protected] Central (Ont.) Jane Welsh City of Toronto (416) 392-9709 [email protected] Central (Que.) Owen Rose Urban Ecology Centre, Montreal (514) 522-6936 [email protected] Véronique Jampierre Vivre en Ville [email protected] East (N.S.) Kendall Taylor Kendall Taylor Architect (902) 441–4329 [email protected] Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation Green Roofs: A Resource Manual for Municipal Policy Makers Executive summary The advisory committee and the research team picked the 12 This Manual is an overview of international and Canadian green roof jurisdictions because of the maturity and type of their green roof policies and programs. By reviewing the reasons municipalities policies or programs, key motivators and their success in promoting throughout the world have set green roof policies and program, policy green roofs. makers can better determine which policies suit their needs. European jurisdictions have long used green roof technology for The Manual features the following municipalities: stormwater management, to reduce energy use in buildings and to Canada United States International increase amenity space. Green roofs are gaining acceptance throughout Montréal Chicago, Ill. Basel-City, Switzerland North America as knowledge of the environmental benefits and as the technology for green roofs improves. Toronto New York city Münster, Germany In Europe, intensively competitive market forces are driving Vancouver Portland, Ore. Singapore development of green roof technology. These forces include years of Waterloo Stuttgart, Germany accumulated research on membrane technology, roof design and plant Tokyo, Japan performance. Social ideals in Europe that value environmental protection and increasing green space in urban areas also drive development of green roof technology. Green roof policy and programs in each municipality are unique to Canada does not have the same social conditions and market forces as the local climate, political position, environmental motivators and Europe, but Europe’s experience has lessons for Canadian resource capacity. To capture the different approaches and diverse municipalities considering green roof policies and programs. This nature of green roof programs, the following headings highlight Manual gives examples of North American and world green roof activities in the selected jurisdictions: policies and programs. From the examples, policy makers may find a I good fit for their situations. Description of jurisdiction I Green roof policies and programs are most often one feature of wide- Key motivators ranging policies and programs that promote more green space in dense I Green roof policy urban areas and propose alternatives to standard stormwater infrastructure. I Process to establish policy I Effectiveness Research program I Lessons learned This Manual features 12 jurisdictions that demonstrate leadership in green roof policy development. These jurisdictions have successfully I Future predictions established supportive programs and succeeded in significantly I Applicability to Canada (international jurisdictions only). advancing the green roof movement in their communities. The key motivators are the need to: Discussion of 13 additional jurisdictions with less developed green roof policies also has useful insights and benchmarks to give a more I Control stormwater runoff complete picture of green roof development. Understanding the I driving influences behind the widespread application of green roofs is Reduce urban heat-island effect the key to developing programs supporting the technology. I Lower building energy consumption An advisory committee made up of representatives from across I Reduce air pollution Canada guided the Manual’s research team. The committee was I essential in selecting the example jurisdictions and advised on the Increase green amenity space content of each case study. I Maintain biodiversity I Reduce escalating infrastructure costs. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation Green Roofs: A Resource Manual for Municipal Policy Makers The Manual outlines six phases in setting appropriate green roof Municipalities can use many tools and incentives to encourage policies and programs: implementation of green roofs and stimulate the local market. They include: I Introductory and awareness I Education and champions I Community engagement I Indirect financial incentives I Action plan development and implementation I Direct financial incentives I Technical research I Regulatory measures I Program and policy development I Performance rating systems I Continuous improvement Building codes and regulations Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation Green Roofs: A Resource Manual for Municipal Policy Makers Table of Contents Advisory Committee . .2 Executive summary . .5 Part 1 — Introduction to green roofs . .7 What is a green roof? . .7 Key motivators for green roofs . .7 Green roof policy development . .10 Tools to encourage green roofs . .13 FLL guidelines for green roof design, construction and maintenance . .16 Background — the green roof movement in Germany . .21 Part 2 — Green Roof policies worldwide . .23 Introduction . .23 Canada . .24 Montréal . .25 Toronto . .29 Vancouver . .34 Waterloo, Ont. .38 United States of America . .42 Chicago . .43 New York . .48 Portland . .52 International . .56 Basel-City, Switzerland . .57 Münster, Germany . .60 Singapore . .66 Stuttgart, Germany . .70 Tokyo . .76 Part 3 — More case studies . .79 Canada . .80 Calgary, Alta. .81 Halifax, N.S. .84 Ottawa, Ont. ..