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A Hellenistic Statue and Its Ancient Restoration L’Éros Endormi De New York, Une Statue Hellénistique Et Sa Restauration Antique

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A Hellenistic Statue and Its Ancient Restoration L’Éros Endormi De New York, Une Statue Hellénistique Et Sa Restauration Antique Technè La science au service de l’histoire de l’art et de la préservation des biens culturels 45 | 2017 Bronzes grecs et romains : études récentes sur la statuaire antique The New York Sleeping Eros: A Hellenistic Statue and Its Ancient Restoration L’Éros endormi de New York, une statue hellénistique et sa restauration antique Seán Hemingway and Richard Stone Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/techne/1266 DOI: 10.4000/techne.1266 ISSN: 2534-5168 Publisher C2RMF Printed version Date of publication: 1 May 2017 Number of pages: 46-63 ISBN: 978-2-7118-6408-9 ISSN: 1254-7867 Electronic reference Seán Hemingway and Richard Stone, « The New York Sleeping Eros: A Hellenistic Statue and Its Ancient Restoration », Technè [Online], 45 | 2017, Online since 19 December 2019, connection on 10 December 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/techne/1266 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/ techne.1266 La revue Technè. La science au service de l’histoire de l’art et de la préservation des biens culturels est mise à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International. Bronzes grecs et romains : études récentes sur la statuaire antique TECHNÈ n° 45, 2017 Fig. 1. Front view of Statue of Sleeping Eros, Greek, Hellenistic period, 3rd-2nd century B.C. Bronze. Length 85,4 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Rogers Fund, 1943 (43.11.4). © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Techne_n45_2.indd 46 23/11/2017 11:56 TECHNÈ n° 45, 2017 Bronzes grecs et romains : études récentes sur la statuaire antique Seán Hemingway The New York Sleeping Eros: Richard Stone A Hellenistic Statue and Its Ancient Restoration L’Éros endormi de New York, une statue hellénistique et sa restauration antique Abstract. The Bronze Statue of Sleeping Eros in the Metropolitan Résumé. L’Éros endormi conservé au Metropolitan Museum of Art Museum has long been recognized as one of the finest bronze est reconnu depuis longtemps parmi les plus beaux grands bronzes 47 statues to survive from antiquity. It was first published by Gisela antiques parvenus jusqu’à nous. Gisela Richter, la première Richter as an original Hellenistic sculpture or very close replica à l’avoir publié, le considérait comme un original de la période dated between 250 and 150 B.C. Many subsequent scholars tend hellénistique ou une réplique fidèle, et le datait entre 250 et to agree with Richter’s assessment although not her precise dating. 150 av. J.-C. Depuis, de nombreux auteurs se sont accordés Others believe it to be a very fine Roman copy of one of the most sur cette identification tout en ayant quelques divergences sur popular sculptures ever made in Roman Imperial times known la datation. D’autres pensent qu’il s’agit d’une très bonne copie from hundreds of copies, variants and adaptations. This article romaine d’une des sculptures les plus prisées de la période romaine presents a new assessment based on careful scientific and technical impériale, connue par des centaines de copies, variantes et examinations of the statue itself and a close study of other existing adaptations. Cet article présente une nouvelle évaluation fondée sculptures of this type. The research supports Richter’s sur des examens scientifiques et techniques approfondis de la statue identification of the statue as a Hellenistic work, but also makes elle-même et sur une observation minutieuse d’autres sculptures apparent that it was restored in antiquity, most likely in the Early du même type. Ces travaux tendent à confirmer l’hypothèse Imperial period. Consideration of the cult and mythology of Eros, hellénistique avancée par Gisela Richter, mais révèlent également other major Late Classical and Hellenistic sculptures, as well as que la statue a fait l’objet d’une restauration dans l’Antiquité, sans the different meanings of the Sleeping Eros in later periods, enable doute au début de la période impériale. Le culte et la mythologie a more cogent understanding of the original display of the d’Éros, d’autres sculptures importantes de la période hellénistique Metropolitan Museum’s bronze statue of Sleeping Eros and et de l’Antiquité tardive, ainsi que les différentes significations : techniques its significance in antiquity. de l’Éros endormi à des époques ultérieures éclairent notre Keywords. Ancient repair, Aphrodite, Eros, god of love, compréhension de l’installation d’origine du bronze actuellement Hellenistic bronze sculpture. à New York et de ses enjeux dans l’Antiquité. Mots-clés. Restauration antique, Aphrodite, Éros, dieu de l’Amour, sculptures en bronze hellénistiques. The Mythology and Iconography of Eros Statuis 3, described Praxiteles’s bronze Eros at Thespiae in Boeotia as marvelously life-like, a joyous archer with an ardent The Bronze Statue of Sleeping Eros in the Metropolitan gaze, large wings and easy pose that made flight seem possible. Museum of Art (fig. 1) belongs to a long tradition of Greek The bronze Eros by Lysippos, made ca. 338-335 B.C., also Eros sculptures and in many ways is a quiet but radical dedicated to the god at Thespiae, represented the god as a departure from them. Famous statues of Eros made by major winged youth stringing his bow (fig. 2). Eros, the archer, Classical sculptors would have been known to the artist who prepares to wound. It is a momentary pose that captures the created the Metropolitan’s bronze statue of Eros sleeping. god’s double nature: desire can bring happiness or it can Phidias and Alcamenes both created Eros statues although destroy by unsettling wisdom. relatively little is known about what the sculptures looked There were many different myths about the lineage of like1. Skopas sculpted an Eros as part of a group of statues of Eros and during the Classical period another myth of Eros Eros, Pothos (Longing) and Himeros (Yearning) that was set began to take hold3. The primordial Eros was brought into up at a sanctuary of Aphrodite at Megara2. Callistratus, De the Olympian pantheon and became the child of Aphrodite riginaux, répliques et pastiches et répliques riginaux, O Seán Hemingway, Curator, Greek and Roman Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY ([email protected]). et datation des grands bronzesd'élaboration grecs et romains Richard Stone, Conservator Emeritus, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY. I· I· Techne_n45_2.indd 47 23/11/2017 11:56 Bronzes grecs et romains : études récentes sur la statuaire antique TECHNÈ n° 45, 2017 48 Fig. 2. Statue of Eros Stringing his Bow, Roman copy of a Greek bronze statue by Lysippos of ca. 338-335 B.C. Found at Hadrian’s Villa near Tivoli. Roman, Early Imperial period, 1st or early 2nd century A.D. Marble. The Capitoline Museums, Rome. © Vanni Archive/Art Resource, New York. Techne_n45_2.indd 48 23/11/2017 11:56 Seán Hemingway, Richard Stone The New York Sleeping Eros: A Hellenistic Statue and Its Ancient Restoration and Ares, the god of war. The myth of Aphrodite and Ares’s difficult unless the work is tied to a particular historical event14. love affair is known as early as Homer’s Odyssey, 8.266-369, Carol Mattusch cautions dating the Metropolitan’s statue though it does not mention Eros as a result of their union. precisely, suggesting that “we can only tentatively conclude Aphrodite and Ares are associated in regional Greek that the Eros is no earlier in date than the Hellenistic period, sanctuaries from at least the Archaic period4. However, the and we can make no assumptions about how late it might earliest mention of Eros in the myth of Aphrodite and Ares be15.” Lucilla Burn, in her recent book on Hellenistic art, appears in a fragment attributed to the 5th century B.C. poet suggests that it could date to the Hellenistic or Roman period16. Simonides5. It was not until the 4th century B.C., especially When the Metropolitan’s Sleeping Eros was installed in the in the Hellenistic period, that the myth became popular. new Hellenistic and Roman galleries in 2007, it was dated While there are a few representations of Eros as a child in very broadly as a Hellenistic work or a particularly fine Roman Classical art, it is not until the Hellenistic period that he is copy of the Augustan period17. The technical analysis presented predominantly portrayed as a child, which is surely a visual in this paper supports the identification of the Metropolitan’s counterpart to the myth of Aphrodite and Ares and its literary statue as a Hellenistic work, and stylistic analysis only allows tradition. The Sleeping Eros, certainly among the most a broad date of the 3rd century or 2nd century B.C. successful images of the god from the Hellenistic period, The Metropolitan Museum of Art acquired the Sleeping 49 must have significantly reinforced the myth of the union of Eros in 1943 from the New York dealer Joseph Brummer, who Ares and Aphrodite bearing Eros6. had purchased it in Paris in 1930 from the Greek dealer E. Gelidakis. It is said to have come from the island of Rhodes. While it is not possible to confirm this provenance it is The Place of the New York Sleeping Eros nonetheless worth considering. Rhodes was a famous place in the Replica Series – Its Original Date for bronze working in the Hellenistic period, home to one of of Manufacture and Provenance the seven wonders of the ancient world; the Colossus, a giant Early Hellenistic bronze statue of the sun god Helios, towered The Metropolitan’s Sleeping Eros is the finest example of its over the harbor of its main town18.
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