Visual Signaling in Hylarana Chalconota at Cibodas Botanical Garden, West Java, Indonesia
Herpetology Notes, volume 7: 615-617 (2014) (published online on 12 November 2014) Visual signaling in Hylarana chalconota at Cibodas Botanical Garden, West Java, Indonesia Mohamad Isnin Noer1,* and Andika Mardiansyah2 Communication is the system used by organism to send Hylarana species, Hylarana chalconota from West information by means of signal transmission (Rendall et Java, Indonesia. al., 2009). In anurans, acoustic signaling is the main form Hylarana chalconota is a medium sized frog found in of communication utilized in variable social contexts Sumatra, Java, and Bali (Figure 1). This species inhabits (Duellman and Trueb, 1994). However, some species various habitats, from riparian areas in undisturbed that inhabit acoustically noisy environments employ tropical rainforest to areas near human settlement, visual signals as well, by using body movements (Hödl fishponds or paddy fields (Iskandar, 1998; Kurniati, and Amézquita, 2001; Lindquist and Hetherington, 2006). It is frequently found perching on leaves of 1996). herbaceous plants that surround slow- to fast-moving Studies of anuran visual signals are limited to streams. Hylarana chalconota produces low-energetic diurnal species, as indicated by the growing number of calls (Kurniati et al., 2010). literature about this topic (Hödl and Amézquita, 2001). Behaviors of Hylarana chalconota were observed Meanwhile, visual signals in nocturnal frogs have been in an artificial pond at Cibodas Botanical Garden (6 often neglected (Buchanan, 1998), although indications 44’ 38” S, 107 0’ 25” E). This pond has slow-moving for small visual repertoires exists among nocturnal water with a little outlet. Frogs were seen in quite large species (Hödl and Amézquita, 2001). However, many numbers and apparently use the pond for breeding.
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