Volume XXVIII No. 11 November, 1973 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOATm Of XmH RERIOB Bl OlEAT BRITAHI

FOCUS ON ISRAEL A DAY TO REMEMBER When on Yom Kippur the Vnessane tokef Foreign Office. The Board's representatives November 10, 1938 prayer with its stirring reference to the expressed strongest criticism of the British From today's perspective it would seem that Uncertainty of destiny was chanted in syna­ Govemment's failure to condemn the the infamous November pogroms of 1938 were, gogues all over the world, Jews in the aggression against Israel by Egypt and for the Nazis, a faUure of some dimension J^iaspora did not yet know that, at that Syria and its embargo on war supplies. which caused confusion and disarray in their ^ery hour, the question of " who will live One of the most urgent issues at the policy against the Jews. ?iid who will die" had transcended the time of going to press is the exchange Prepared for a long time and put into Individual sphere and become a collective of prisoners-of-war and the need for general operation only after the assassination of Herr issue of life and death for the people of publication of lists of such prisoners. A vom Rath, Counsellor at the German Embassy Israel. Our first thoughts have to go to spokesman at the Israel Embassy said last in Paris, the pogroms were a departure from those who lost their lives in the fight for week that the Israelis had already given a previous practices—for the first time, the the survival of the country, and to their persecution of the Jews moved from the complete list of prisoners in Israeli hands clandestine into the open. After their en­ iiext-of-kin. We also in humility pay our to the International Red Cross, but that hanced standing as a result of the Munich fespects to Israel's young generation as a neither the Egyptians nor the Syrians had agreement, the Nazis thought the time was ^hole for the bravery they have shown in a issued lists of captured Israelis. This ripe for focusing the limelight of publicity fierce two-front war against a numerically faUure runs against the regulations of the on the Jewish question by a policy of blunt superior enemy. Soldiering is for them not Geneva Convention, and every effort has humiliation, oppression and murder. In this ^Vocation they glorify but a duty which to be made to have the situation remedied way, by demonstrating how to deal with Jews, they fulfil out of bitter necessity. at the earliest possible time. they hoped to gain political rewards from » J^ose of us who experienced the London fostering a virulent antisemitism in other Blitz " 33 years ago, remember the sense The unreserved concern for Israel cuts parts of the world. '^f solidarity between all sections of the across all Jewish reUgious and political However, they miscalculated the psycho­ Population which emerged in those days, party lines. It comprises Liberals and ultra- logical and moral effects of the pogroms. To /'et in a small country like Israel, the Orthodox and, on the political plane, people all friends of Gennany and crypto-Nazis ^Pact is even stronger: there cannot be who otherwise widely differ in their atti­ abroad, the blatant outbreak of barbarism tude to Israel and their views on Israel's lit up by the burning synagogues, proved he same degree of anonymity which miti­ a serious setback which isolated them and gated the feelings of anxiety, because prac- poUcy. Beyond this general concem, the halted their progress. Especially the partners ically everybody has relatives and friends reaction of former German and Austrian of the Munich agreement were greatly em­ ^ every town, village and kibbutz and Jews is also determined by personal con­ barrassed and the world-wide public outcry Shares their worries. siderations : there is hardly anybody among greatly strengthened the opposition to the It is not necessary to give a full report us who does not have near relatives and "appeasement" policy. t the happenings during the past eventful friends in Israel. It was therefore only to ^eeks, because they were fully covered by be expected that from the first day onwards Reaction Abroad Jhe mass media. Like in 1967, most of us we received innumerable inquiries about ^stened to the radio at hourly intervals. the possibilities of rendering assistance. Instead of the intemational applause or, In several Homes, residents took the initia­ at least, tacit consent, wire after wire arrived u a Monthly which reaches its readers ten tive and arranged special collections, and from the diplomatic representations of ays after it goes to press, it would also it is particularly gratifying that the AJR Gennany, led by the Ambassador in Washing­ ^ premature to attempt a general assess- Club raised £230 among its members. ton, Dr. V. Dircksen, and by the Ambassador "lent of the situation, in London, Dieckhoff, who reported on cata­ ^^ke the other Jewish organisations, the Those who do not contribute through strophical reactions. Years of hard and steady ?f^ has been in constant touch with the their synagogues or other organisations work in foreign affairs had been blotted out in entral bodies, especially the Board of to which they belong, should send their one night. j^eputies and the relief organisations at contributions to: The Joint Israel Appeal, No wonder that Goebbels ordered: "The . ^x House. It was represented at the meet- Rex House, 4 Regent Street, London, anti-Jewish measures must cease as quickly 7*2 held by the Board of Deputies three SWIY 4PG. The tremendous cost of the as they started." Far from advancing j^ys after the outbreak of hostilities when, war, borne by the State of Israel, depleted antisemitism in the world, the pogroms led J a unanimously passed resolution, the the resources required for running the to a reversal of the then popular trend. The jj^^s of this cotmtry " aflSrmed their civUian Ufe of the country. Israel did not Nazis took this fiasco to heart and their request that Jews in the Diaspora should "Judenpolitik" went underground: the terrible -f therhood and solidarity with the people happenings in the years to come occurred I Israel". Leading members of the'AJR join her in the battlefield. But what the behind a wall of secrecy. g^ attended the mass rally at Trafalgar Israelis have to expect is that their fellow JiUare on October 14, at which addresses Jews help them to reconstruct the material Economically, too, the November pogroms foundations of the country. Compared with were a faUure. Notwithstanding the Jewish (p^fe deUvered by Mr. Hugh Fraser, M.P. "MiUiardenbusse" and the confiscation of J^uservative), Mr. Peter Shore (Labour the risks they took, this is very little. The Jewish property, the German economy jPokesman for European affairs), Nancy, Appeal is running under the watchword: emerged damaged from this adventure. In p^^y Seear (former president of the Liberal " Give and give untU it hurts ". There is their blind hatred the Nazis overlooked the (^%), Lord ShinweU, Sir Samuel Fisher every reason to expect that all our members fact that there was no autonomous Jewish j*JJ"esident of the Board of Deputies) and will act accordingly, having experienced in sector in the economy and that Jewish enter­ I'prt^ Janner (president of the Zionist these days of emergency that Israel is much prises were firmly integrated into the larger eoeration). On October 15, a delegation of more part and parcel of our own lives than German overall structure. Not only were goods j)^ Board of Deputies met Sir Alec many of us may have cared to admit in destroyed which were part of the national °Uglas-Home and Lord Balniel at the "normal" times. Continaed on page 2, column 1 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION November, 1973

A DAY TO REMEMBER Continued from page 1 ISEWS FROM GERMAISY REACTIONS TO THE MIDDLE EAST WAR NEW GENERAL SECRETARY OF assets, also the export trade suffered heavily. "ZENTRALRAT" Alone the damage from glass breakage Federal Chancellor WUly Brandt made refer­ Mr. Alexander Ginsburg was appointed amounted to six mUlion mark which had to ence to the Middle East in a televised inter­ General Secretary of the "Zentralrat" of tne be replaced from Belgium with hard currency, view on October 16. He said that, although his Jews in Germany as successor to Dr. H. ^• and most of it was not covered by re-insurances Govemment was non-partisan, "Germans can­ van Dam, who died several months ago. He abroad. not forget the tragic experience of Jews, and has held a responsible position with tne Among the few radio speeches deserving of Germans, in a previous era". In his opening Cologne Jewish community for the past address at the Frankfurt Book Fair, the Chan­ 15 years and has been associated witn to be termed "documents humains" must be ceUor pointed out that both Israel and the the "Zentralrat" as a member of "^ counted Lord Baldwin's memorable address Arab States were entitled to security but directorate and administrative councU 19^ which he broadcast 35 years ago: stressed that in Israel the lives of the last the past 12 years. Mr. Ginsburg, who is survivors of the Nazi terror were in danger. in his fifties and a jurist by profession, was "Tonight I have to speak for a world's in no less than 36 concentration camps under good cause. I have to ask you to come to In Berlin, a mass meeting convened by the the Nazi regime. During the first post-war the aid of the victims not of any catas­ Jewish community two days after the begin­ years, he worked under the auspices of several trophe in the natural world, not of earth­ ning of the war was attended by several thou­ Jewish and non-Jewish relief organisations ana sand people, including many non-Jews. After took a particular interest in the weUare 01 quake, not of flood, nor of famine, but of the opening address by the chairman of the an explosion of man's inhumanity to man. the stateless and political refugees. He also Community, Mr. Heinz Galinski, Berlin's worked for the implementation of the legisla­ Thousands of men, women and chUdren, Goveming Mayor, Klaus Schuetz, conveyed tion on compensation in the Land Northrhine- despoiled of their goods, driven from their greetings frorn_his Jerusalem coUeague, Teddy Westphalia. homes, are seeking asylum and sanctuary Kollek, and expressed his horror at the breach on our doorsteps, a hiding place from the of the truce by the Arabs. "Our concem for ZWEITBESCHEIDE wind and a covert from the tempest. I the fate of Israel," the Mayor said, " goes into do not speak to you tonight as a politician depths which cannot be reached by political Wir haben bereits frueher darauf hinge­ or as a member of a party. I am an ordinary reasoning alone. ... It derives from history wiesen (s. AJR Information Maerz una and cannot be separated from the feeling of November 1972, Seite 6, und Januar 1973, Englishman who is shocked and dis­ guilt". The President of the Berlin parliament, tressed . . ." Seite 12), dass die neue Rechtsprechung es Walter Sickert (SPD), and spokesmen of the den Entschaedigungsbehoerden der Laender two other parties, Peter Lorenz (Chairman of the Berlin CDU) and Wolfgang Lueder (Berlin der Bundesrepublik ermoeglicht hat, "> Britain Gives Shelter Chairman of the FDP) also expressed their gewissen sehr eingeschraenkten Faelle^ solidarity with Israel. Verfolgten durch sogenannte Zweitbescheide It remains one of the contradictions of his­ weiter entgegenzukommen, als dies in dein The Israel Embassy of Bonn received many urspruenglichen Bescheid geschehen ist tory that whUe the British government in those messages of support and encouragement and days virtually closed Palestine to Jewish im­ offers of help. A number of German doctors Neuerdings haben sich die meisten (vieUeicW migration, it permitted more Jewish immi­ said that they were ready to go to Israel. sogar aUe) Laender bereit erklaert, ueber den grants to land on England's home shores than Inhalt der urspmenglichen Richtlinien hinaus­ the Jewish Agency would have dared to ask for gehend in wiederum sehr beschraenkten admitting into Eretz Israel. In May 1939, Faellen Verfolgten, die Ansprueche fV®^ Malcolm Macdonald, the then Colonial Secre­ ARABS SMUGGLED INTO WEST BERLIN ? Schaden im Berafsleben haben und eine tary, reduced the flow of immigrants into Kapitalentschaedigung erhielten, aber stau- Palestine to a trickle. Yet at the same time, According to Mr. Erich Riedl, a Christian dessen eine Rente haetten waehlen koennen, Social member of the Federal Parliament, die Rente durch Zweitbescheid zu gewaehren^ when aU other countries hermeticaUy sealed the German Democratic Republic is smugg­ their gates—safe, within certain limitations, ling many Arabs, including members of El Solche Antraege sollten keinesfalls onn the United States and such remote places as Fatah, into West Germany via West Berlin. vorherige Beratung mit dem Anwalt de Shanghai—the Home Secretaries made good Mr Riedl alleged that at least 784 young Verfolgten oder mit der URO gestellt werden. where the Colonial Secretary faUed, first Lord Arabs had arrived in West Germany by this Sie muessen vor Ende Januar 1974 hei Simon, afterwards Sir Samuel Hoare (the late means during the first six months of the Entschaedigungsamt eingehen. In aller ^eS Lord Templewood) and succeeding him Lord year, most of whom were members of the werden solche Antraege bei Verfolgten, ^ Waverley (then Sir John Anderson). Theirs "hard core" of Fatah. in selbstaendiger Berufstaetigkeit geschaecus were not mere administrative decisions; day- worden sind, nur dann Aussicht auf ^^ to-day contacts amply proved that they acted haben, wenn es sich um Verfolgte handelt, in the name of the people, whether it was MUNICH MASSACRE REMEMBERED in die Gmppe des "hoeheren Dienstes" eins the kind immigration officer, the smiling stuft worden sind. Fuer die in unselbstaendig policeman, the helpful "man-in-the-street", or On the first anniversary of the Munich Berufsausuebung Geschaedigten gUt "|f u the famUy that received refugee children. massacre, a memorial meeting was held in Einschraenkung nicht. Auf weitere Einzelneii ^ Britain has never been a country of large- Munich under the auspices of ttie Jewish com­ einzugehen ist nicht moeglich, da das ^^. J^ scale unmigration, yet by the beginning of munity. The meeting was attended by a very zu kompliziert ist. Unsere rechtskuntug ^ large audience, including prominent members Leser werden auf die Entscheidungen des o the Second World War, she had given shelter of the Federal and Bavarian govemments of to 90,000 "refugees from Nazi oppression"— the municipality. Addresses were delivered (RZW 1970, S. 232, 282, 285) und insbesonaei^ as their official status was to be—73,000 from by Dr. Hans Lamm, President of the com­ auf die Fussnote des Senatsrat Dr. Brunn Gennany and Austria, 10,000 from Czecho­ munity, Mr. Eliashev Ben-Horin, Israeli RZW 1973, S. 356/7 hingewiesen. Wir Wi^s slovakia and 7,000 from other countries, over Ambassador to the German Federal Republic, aus der Praxis, dass sich zum Beispiel 90 per cent of them being Jews. and Rabbi Dr. H. I. Graenewald. The families Entschaedigungsamt Berlin nach Dr Bru of the victims were represented by the widow Hinweisen richtet. ^y A "Parliamentary Committee on Refugees" of Josef Romano, who had especiaUy travelled with the unforgettable Eleanor Rathbone, to Munich for the occasion. COUNCIL OF JEWS FROM GERMA^ Victor Cazalet and Lord Wedgwood as mem­ bers, took up their case. When at the height of the invasion danger in 1940, a bungling nunister ordered the wholesale interment of male aliens, the bewUderment of the British cannot be better explained than by the words of the officer in charge of one of the intem­ Greyhound Guaranty Limited ment camps: "I should never have believed that so many Jews were Nazis." It will always Bankers be to the credit of the British ParUament that m the fateful days of the summer 1940 when 5 GRAFTON STREET, MAYFAIR. the German Luftwaffe was nounding London day and night, for two fuU days a debate was held on the rights and wrongs of the intem­ LONDON, WIX 3LB ment of aliens—which led to their gradual Telephone: 01-629 1208 release. Telex: 24637 Cables: Greyty, London, W.l HERBERT FREEDEN AJR INFORMATION November, 1973 Page 3 HOME NEWS ANGLO-JVDAICA Deputies' Committees Chairmanships WIENER LIBRARY ANNIVERSARY BRITAIN AND AMERICA In a contest for the chairmanship of the On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of During a public lecture at Jews' College, Board of Deputies' law, parliamentary and ^e Wiener Library, Mr. WiUy Brandt, the Chief Rabbi Jakobovits analysed the Jewish general purposes committee, Mr. F. M. West German ChanceUor, paid warm tribute scene in Britain and America for both "com­ Landau defeated Mr. Donald Silk. Dr. Jacob JO the work of the institute. In his message parisons and contrasts". Dr. Jakobovits Braude is deputy chairman. Alderman Td. Oe said that the Ubrary had made a decisive recently revisited the United States, where Fidler, MP, was elected chairman of foreign contribution towards the understanding of he spent eight years as rabbi of the Fifth affairs, with Dr. S. Roth as deputy chairman; Jne Nazi tyranny and had at the same time Avenue Synagogue in New York. The Lord Janner and Dr. Levenberg became oeen instmmental in studying the history of 6,500,000 Jews in the United States could chairman and deputy chairman respectively fjerman Jewry, reminding Germany of what bring to bear a much stronger influence on of the Erets Israel committee. Sir Samuel « had lost. It was encouraging that from the American politics than the comparatively Fisher, the president, is chairman of the exe­ study of the tragic past an Institute of Con­ small Jewish community in Britain, said the cutive committee and Mr. E. Nabarro of the temporary History had developed, concermng Chief Rabbi, but American Jewry has stUl finance committee. uself with the present and looking ahead to not reached the full measure of integration the future. and acceptance into the political fabric of Meet the Chief Rabbi . Professor Ralf Dahrendorf, director-des- their native land which the Anglo-Jewish Chief Rabbi Jakobovits appeared in a Jgnate of the London School of Economics, conununity has been enjoying for many recent Sunday religious TV programme ser­ praised the work of the library also as an years. At the same time, there are many vice on BBC-l's " A chance to meet", presided jiistitute and a forum of discussion and pub­ more Jews in prominent positions in public over by Mr. ClUf Michelmore. The strength lication in a significant manner. He looked lUe in Britain than there are in America. of religion, said the Chief Rabbi, lay in the lorward to many more decades of fruitful Another striking contrast between the two superiority of its etemal values, which trans­ work by the Wiener Library. largest Jewish communities of the English- cended the changing and passing fashions of inbutes were received from many other speaking world, said Dr. Jakobovits, was in time. What was required was an in­ Personalities, among them Mr. Maurice Edel- their internal structure. Both had grown out tensification of Jewish education, for without wan, MP, who described the Wiener Library of the wave of East and Central European the full knowledge of Judaism its relevance jS ."probably the most important Anglo- mass immigration in the last century, yet to the modern age could not be judged. ;ewish institution to be created in this cen­ each had developed on different lines. We tury". here have a highly centralised communal Jews' Temporary Shelter , The Wiener Library was founded in Amster- structure and in the United States Jewish life ^^DJ by Dr. Alfred Wiener who, as Syndicus is highly decentralised and fragmented on The Jews' Temporary Shelter, founded in °i the Central-Verein of German citizens of every level. Both in terms of synagogal af­ 1885 and situated in Aldgate in the East End ;'ewish faith untU summer 1933, for many filiation and in the influence of tradition on since 1930, can accommodate 80 residents ^ears stood in the forefront of the fight Jewish life and in Jewish public affairs, and has in times of emergency housed more -Rainst the rising Nazi movement in Germany, Anglo-Jewry remained vastly superior. How­ than 100. It is to move to new premises at •^ne collection of documents which he built ever, in the United States every synagogue, Mapesbury Road, Willesden, which will ac­ gP in Amsterdam during the pre-war years institution or organisation in the community commodate 35, with a maximum of 50 if 3" which provided evidence, albeit unheeded, was a complete sovereign entity. Thus there necessary. Acconunodation will be in single J the imminent danger to the world, was was a degree of competitiveness and en­ or double rooms whereas the present prem­ jransferred to London in time before the terprise in many of them entirely and sadly ises have dormitories for 17 people. Pyasion of Holland. Here, it was constantly lacking in our own community here, and which gave American Jewry a tremendous "Prison Banquet" ifP'ight up-to-date and became indispensable sense of vibrancy and vitality. r? the British authorities during the war. After A "prison banquet" was given at the Royal r£ ^^^ of hostUities, the Intemational War Hotel, Southport, by the Merseyside In­ .jfunes Tribunal was provided with more MISSIONARY TACTICS CONDEMNED terdenominational Committee for Soviet nil K *0'000 prosecution documents. The The Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel, Rabbi Jewry and members of the Liverpool and umber of authors, scholars and joumalists, Shlomo Goren, who was in London to assist Southport 35s Groups. The banquet consisted f "?,.have avaUed themselves of the library in the preparation of the Kol Nidre appeal, of stale black bread, herring, potato and cab­ Dr 11 -^^ in the years since then are countless, asked the Archbishops of Canterbury and of bage soup, representing the daily diet of Rus­ tjj^' Wiener died in 1964 and now the organisa- Westminster for help in stopping Christian sian political prisoners. The event was well }»;'J, named "Institute of Contemporary missionaries using "unreasonable means" to covered by the media, and the food was later 2^w>ry and Wiener Library", is headed by persuade poor families in Israel to convert. taken on to the promenade for the general 'Hessor Walter Laqueur. Both Dr. Ramsey and Cardinal Heenan public to see and partake of, if they wished. LiK t the achievements of the Wiener agreed that to use financial inducements Petition forms were signed calling for the inir i^ are. in the first place, due to the was an "incorrect way" to persuade people to release of Sylva Zalmanson. jJi^tive and expert knowledge of Dr. Wiener change their faith, describing these mis­ thp members of the staff, past and present, sionaries as "no real Christians". Problem of Assimilation w eommunity of Jews from Germany at Certain missionary sects in Israel used Speaking from his pulpit at the Birming­ buti ^^ ^^^° take pride in it as a contri- financial inducements including offers of ham Central Synagogue, Rabbi Mordechai ani ? hy the former refugees to this country emigration to Canada and job opportunities Singer said that the problem of assimilation ^° Anglo-Jewry. there, as well as education in missionary was now so serious that far greater efforts schools, working primarily in new settle­ had to be made. Many of the country's lead­ INDUSTRIALIST'S GOOD LABOUR ments and among Oriental immigrants and ing and most flourishing Orthodox groups, RELATIONS newcomers from the Soviet Union, said Chief Rabbi Goren. Their converts so far numbered apart from the Lubavitch movement, were left ^^'"^'^ Bud, who died at the age of 81, only a few hundred but he was concemed far too inward looking, Rabbi Singer said, EnL .^37,000 to 22 workers of his company, about a considerable increase in missionary and if those groups, including institutions ticiil Numberine Machines Ltd. The nar- centred on Gateshead and North London, in­ activities in recent months. terested themselves more in other parts of andK- ^°°^ relationship between Mr. Bud the community, including the provinces, the 'lesr -if ^^^' reflected in these legacies, was tragic losses now being suffered through lou^ei^be, d in several obituaries of national and frnni papers. Mr. Bud came to this country Vour House for:— assimUation could be reduced. To blame in i^ermany m 1936. He took over the firm teachers, parents or rabbis achieved nothing. tim t' *hen it was a small business. At the CURTAINS, CARPETS, Communal responsibility could be carried out Bnlf °^ his death it had 1,000 employees. Mr. only if people cared for others in the way in "^ was a member of the AJR. FLOORCOVERINGS which Lubavitch demonstrated. STEEL CORPORATION CHAIRMAN SPECIALITY Manchester Synagogue Steel ^^'^'750 ^^^ °^ chairman of the British A survey carried out by the Jewish Gazette Haj.', Corporation has been given to Dr. CONTINENTAL DOWN shows a remarkable upsurge in membership sinpo 9, "Montague Finniston. acting chairman QUILTS in Manchester synagogues in recent years. ^inni t ^^^th of Lord Melchett m June. Dr. The Menorah Reform Synagogue shows a 40 the Rc^'^ was previously deputy chairman of ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS per cent increase during the past two years, lie f ' ^^^th responsibility for development. and other synagogues also have a pattern of ^BOIT;^ ^ member of the New London Syn- ESTIMATES FREE a steady increase in membership. Hi"sue and I"S on th' e govemin. g -boar d- of. armei College, having also appeared on Brighton Home for Aged forl^Jewish Association and Technion plat- DAWSON-LANE LIMITED JTllS, (E

BARBADOS COMMUNITY NEWS FROM ABROAD Synagogue Lane in Bridgetown, once the heart of Barbados' Jewish life, reveals a handsome structure which since 1831 housed UNITED STATES BULAWAYO MAYOR Congregation Nidhe Israel but is now an Kissinger Swearing-in Ceremony The fifth Jew to be chosen for the office office building. Nearby Ues the histonc of Mayor of Bulawayo since 1965 is Dr. Jewish cemetery, one of the oldest in the Dr. Henry Kissinger, who came to America Eugene Gordon. The community believes this Western Hemisphere, now filled with refuse, with his parents from Germany as a refugee is a world record. The previous Mayor, Coun­ broken tombstones and weeds. The cemetery from the Nazi regime, has been sworn in as cillor R. S. Harris, is the son of the late Al­ is in such a state of neglect and disrepair America's 56th Secretary of State. His derman C. M. Harris, Mayor between 1934 and that it has been taken off the Ust of places 1936. Councillor J. iSoldwasser, Alderman A. of interest published by the island's tourist mother, Mrs. Louis Kissinger, who was at the authority. ceremony with her husband, held the King Menashe and H. Coronel, aU former mayors, James's Bible—President Nixon's gift to her have been elected to the city council. The For 150 years the Portuguese Jews of .Bar­ son—on which he swore the oath of office. first Mayor of Bulawayo, Mr. I. Hirschler, bados prospered on their sugar plantations. The guests also included Dr. Kissinger's chil­ was also a Jew. By the 1830s, however, the community had dren, David and Elizabeth, and his brother, declined, all but disappearing by the start oi Walter with his famUy. He is the first CANADA the 20th century, until the arrival of the East naturalised citizen to hold that office. More European Jews. than 200 guests at the special White House Holocaust Memorial Desecration The Ashkenazi Jews who came to Barbados ceremony gave him an unusual one-minute in the 1930s and 1940s now number about 1' In London (Ontario) a memorial to the families. Their plans to restore the cemetery ovation. Dr. Kissinger said that if his origin Jewish victims of the Holocaust has been de­ were drawn up two years ago under the could "contribute anything to the formulation secrated in the cemetery of the Or Shalom guidance of Rabbi Isidoro Aizenberg. of of our policy, it is that at an early age I saw Synagogue. The slogan "Juden raus" was Caracas, who had supervised a similar project what could happen to a society based on paintd on the memorial as well as "Lies, in his country. Since then little has been hatred, strength and distrust and that I ex­ lies" and "Never again". done, and the rabbi reiterated, at another perienced then what America means to other meeting with communal leaders recently, that people, its hope and its idealism". End of Alberta Congregation unless action were taken soon this valuable monument of early Jewish settlement in the Terrorism The Israel Synagogue in Vegreville, Al­ berta, has been demolished and its site sold. Americas would literally " die". Jewish residents of Boro Park, Brooklyn, The first Jewish settler arrived in VegrevUle are forming a mobile radio car patrol as the in 1906 and the congregation was founded in result of attacks by Puerto Rican and Italian 1919, reaching a total of 82 in 1931. youths, one of which resulted in the death of The smaller Jewish communities in North HOLY-DAYS IN MAJORCA a yeshiva student. There are about 150,000 America in general and in West Canada have Members of the Majorca community and Jews in middle-class Boro Park, with its been declining with the spread of motor visitors attended High Holy Day services m small homes, yeshivas and synagogues. The transport and express roads. the Palacio de Congresos in Palma. The ser­ organiser of the mobile patrol has stated that vices were conducted by Rabbi Dr. Werner there were too few policemen in the neigh­ University Observes Rosh Hashana Van der Zyl, emeritus ininister of the West bourhood to cope with the spiralling rate of London Synagogue, who lives on the island, violence. This year Toronto's York University again with the assistance of a London rabbi. shut for Rosh Hashana. Not only are there "WE MISS THE JEWISH ELEMENT" some 3,500 Jewish students at the university, The Majorca congregation, officially recor but many of the academic staff are Jews. The nised by the Spanish Government in August. Brandt at New York University 1971, has opened a fund-raising campaign to authorities therefore decided to shut the uni­ build a community centre, including a syn­ versity as the most convenient arrangement, agogue. On the occasion of his visit to the United opening a week earlier for the autumn term States, Chancellor WiUy Brandt spoke at the this year. 40th anniversary celebration of the "University in Exile" founded under the auspices of the JEWRY IN THE EAST New School for Social Research after the GREEK CONFISCATION Nazis had come to power. The Chancellor The ancient Jewish cemetery in Joannina, in Oppressed Minorities recalled the contribution to American cultural western Greece, has been confiscated by the lUe made by prominent refugees who were fiscal authorities on the ground that it has The Minority Rights Group, the i?' associated with the University. "They can no ceased to serve its original purpose and is ternational research and information un» longer be separated from the cultural history situated on public property. The community based in London, has published an up-to-date of the United States. They have left their has appealed to the courts against the seizure version of its 1970 report on the oosition oi indelible mark on your people and on my and telegrams of protest have been sent to religious minorities in the Soviet Union. Toe people. Without their contributions, the way the Greek Government by the Central Board plight of Soviet Jewry is deoicted, as in tne in which subjects like sociology, politology, of Greek Jewish Communities and all in­ original report, as part of the deliberate psychology, history of art and musical sciences dividual communities. The cemetery contains policy of harassment and persecution whiC" are now taught in the U.S. would have been the graves of generations of local Jews as all reUgious groups have to endure. * unthinkable. . . . Yet Germany stUl feels the well as of many Jews who fell in the Greco- The earlier conclusion is reiterated thai great loss which she has sustained by the Albanian War of 1940. the Jews in the Soviet Union are those whose exodus of her most gUted and most expert There are 97 Jews in Joannina today destiny is worst affected by their Goverp' women and men in the thirties and early which, before the Second World War, had a ment's extemal policies which may, in theu forties. Our cultural landscape—lively as it tum, be affected by the worst side of Russian Jewish population of 1,850. and Ukrainian nationalism. The rePfrl may be—has not re-obtained the abundance remains gloomy about any change for tne and creative strength which it had under the better. Weimar Republic. To be quite frank: We Does your heating cause dry air—affecting miss the Jewish element in our society, and we miss it bitterly". your health or piano, plants, antiques, woodwork & paintings? Sholem Aleichem Plaque MEXICAN AWARDS As HUMIDIFIER- Novosti, the Soviet press agency, states that in Birobidjan, the centre of the Jevvisn The 1973 winners of the annual awards SPECIALISTS we beanng the name of Elias Sourasky, the autonomous region of that name, a plal'J: Mexican-Jewish philanthropist and banker shall be pleased has been unveUed to the memory of Sholen were congratulated by President Luis Aleichem, who died in 1916. Echeverria Alvarez. The winner of the to advise you science prize, Dr. Rodolfo Stavenhagen, is a and send you member of a well-known German-Jewish Menuhins in Romania family. The literary prize winner is Mr. our free Andres Henstrosa, a liberal writer and con­ explanatory Yehudi Menuhin and his sister Hephzib?^ tributor to Spanish-Jewish publications, and leaflet. took part in the sixth George Enescu i" the arts prize winner, Mr. Enrique de la ternational festival held in Bucharest Mora, an architect, is married to a Jewess. A reception was given in their honour by tn. Federation of the Jewish Communities * CHILE Romania. . The 200 or so guests included the vic^ No information is avaUable about the 150 president of the Cultural Department, tn or so Jews in the administration of the late president of the Union of Romanian Con} President AUende, including General Jose THE HUMIDIFIER COMPANY posers, the Swiss Ambassador and represen Berditchevsky, Mr. Volodia Teitelbaum Mr atives of the United States and Israel ^"i Daniel SUverman, Mr. Jaime Faivovitch, Mr. 25 Bridge Road, Wembley Park, Middx. Tel: 01-904 7603 hassles, as well as Dr. Moses Rosen, the Cpi Jacob Shaulson and Mr. Enrique Testa. Rabbi of Romania. AJR INFORMATION November, 1973 Page 5

Margot Pottlitser devoted to a study of the history of exile and exiles, and what an involved and long history it is! It appears that the first known refugee was an Egyptian caUed Sinuhe who, expelled STRANGERS IN STRANGE LANDS? by a tyrant ruler, travelled in many lands and was allowed to retum home in old age. As exiles frequently do, he immediately sat Paul Tabori's " Anatomy of Exile " down to write the story of his tribulations which began "To go into exile was written Nobody who came to thdis country as a nature of the events which drove them from neither in my mind nor in my heart. I tore refugee will ever be able to feel that present- their native countries was such as to obviate myself by force from the soil upon which I day refugee problems are a matter of any idea of an eventual return, and they felt stood". Throughout the ages individuals, indifference to him. Inevitably recent con­ that they would have to rebuild their lives groups and nations have suffered the same troversies about new terms of admission for and make their homes in their countries of fate. Political and religious persecution again hoth black and white immigrants have refuge. . . . One of them. Dr. F. Gotfurt, of and again resulted in ever increasing hrouglit back memories of difficulties and London, is quoted in the book : "For myself numbers being made refugees. For obvious anxieties of one's own past and have ait the and many others of my emigration, cir­ reasons there were always a great number of ^me time reminded us of the fact that we as cumstances have now for a considerable time what we would now call intellectuals among 3 group of refugees of a past generation are permitted us to return, but we have not those who had to leave, because, being ar­ 10 longer refugees to-day. What then are we? returned, which makes us ex-exiles. The ticulate, they were clearly identifiable as }Vhat new identity—to use a contemporary reason for not returning is in most actual or presumed opponents of the Estab­ Idiom—have we acquired? Terms like cases—certainly in mine—that we are more lishment of their day. Many of thedr names ^^fugees, emigrants, immigrants, new citizens at home in our new country than we would are famous ones, and often they became ^re only vaUd for a comparatively short be in the old one . . . German has, for me, better known or at least known to a wider Period. For this reason, too, it has often been become a foreign language of which I happen audience by what they did or wrote in exUe. suggested that the A.J.R. should now change to know all the words." Ovid, Dante, Dostoyevsky, and Thomas 'ts name, though nobody has been able to Mann come to mind in this context, but it suggest a suitable new one. Obviously the was Thomas Mann, too, who in 1945 pointed Problem does not exist in countries like Exaggerated AssimUation out that the Anglo-Saxon word alien and the Ifrael or the United States where all new German word Elend go back to the same •citizens are at least the descendants of new­ In their anxiety to be accepted, exUes root. Elend once meant alien land. comers. often go to extremes, and we have all en­ countered one or other of them. Dr. Tabori Mass exile usually only happened once to a Prom a slightly different angle, and using mentions the man who shows his acquired particular group Uke the Huguenots, the yet another synonym, the intricate pattern of Englishness by carrying his handkerchief up French Royalists, the 1848 revolutionaries, or ^fugee existence is examined in Dr. Paul his sleeve rather than in his pocket and the White Russians. To Jews, however, it has P^iboii's book The Anatomy of Exile (Harrap. remarks: "These are surface symptoms of the always been part and parcel of their destiny. ^2 pp. £6). It is the first of two volumes the deepest desire to be like the others, to con­ The enforced stay by the waters of Babylon ®^«»*d of w^ich. The Gift of the Exiles, is form, the desire that makes the second gen­ was the beginning of their wanderings which ^tiU to appear and will deal with the benefits eration immigrant ashamed of his parents, even now, after the setting up of the State that host countries have derived from their their accents, their clinging to the ways of of Israel, have not come to an end. These Senerosity. the old country". He also tells the story of wanderings, too, are extensively chronicled in Thirty-four years ago, the author left his the man who having at last been naturalised, the present volume. I's.tive Hungary in order to live and work in bursts into tears and asked for the reason, To prepare the ground for the second 'his country. Despite the fact that he has sat sobs: "Why did we have to lose India?" volume. Dr. Tabori, in his concluding chap­ ^^. a number of committees dealing with ter, discusses the reluctant havens, the L^ies, he maintains that he is not an exUe Fundamentally, however. The Anatomy of countries which more or less willingly have "loiself and supports this claim by the state- Exile is a deeply serious book and does not admitted refugees. He discusses conditions of "^^nt that he has never been tempted to start provide much light relief. After dealing with entry, chances of settlement, acceptance by ^ Pree Hungarian Movement. It would seem the various and often contradictory the native population, psychological adjust­ *^ if to be an exile is a state of mind. I have definitions of the term—those applied from ment of hosts and newcomers and difficulties <^onie across quite a few people who left Ger- outside by authorities and international or­ encountered in various countries. Speaking of ^Qy in the early Thirties and were ganisations and those used by exiles them­ the Dilemma of Britain, he comes to the con­ ^^turallsed British citizens just before the selves—the greater part of the book is clusion that "in principle the foreigner ^^r and who therefore refuse to admit that enjoys the same social, economic or legal J?*y came as refugees. Helen Vlachos the rights as British subjects do . . . This is the J^'eek publislier who fled her country in the theory and it is a noble one. In practice of ^ost dramatic circumstances announced course things are somewhat different. Dis­ S^i she has now become a British publisher crimination like xenophobia or antisemitism "^•id added: "I got so tired of being described is discreet and courteous in England, though ^ an exUe. It was annoying because during now and then there are ugly outbreaks of ^y five years in London I have never felt an Island Refuge hooliganism and hate". exile." It aU seems to boU down to a question The subject of exile seems inexhaustible * terminology, and quite properly Dr. Tabori Britain and Refugees from and, though the book is obviously the result ?.^votes a chapter to the study of the seman- of thorough research, Dr. Tabori states that ««s of exUe. it does not claim to be scholarly or com­ Q^he basic definition is provided by the tfie Tfiinf Reich 19331939 prehensive. In any case he has brought to ^ford English Dictionary: "An exUe is a light and compiled a wealth of material to be erson compelled by circumstances to reside A. J. SHERMAN found nowhere else, and it makes fascinating *3y from his native country". This obvi- reading. Insiders who know the subject from L^% impUes that the exUe stUl feels that he This is the first authoritative study their own traumatic experiences may not , eiongs to his native land and that he has at always agree with his definitions or con­ cir *• *^^ intention to return to it as soon as to examine the official British clusions, but they cannot but be passionately j^cuijistgjjggg permit, though this may never response to the refugees from the interested in a book that describes and in­ fgPPen in his Ufetime. It is perhaps for this Third Reich. At first far less wel­ vestigates a human tragedy in which they k *^on that Jewish refugees from the Nazis themselves have taken part. coming than a number of countries, hardiy ever caUed themselves exUes: The Britain was ultimately more gener­ ous than many, granting asylum to BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE a significantly large number of BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNER Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS SI BelslK Sauare. London. N.W.S refugees before the outbreak of SYNAGOGUE SERVICES Always interested in purctiasing hostilities. well-preserved Instruments. ^"^e field regularly on ttie Eve of Sabbath and Festivals at 6.30 p.m. and on ttie day JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. at 11 a.m. Eiek £3.80p 142 Edgware Road, W.2 ALL ARE CORDIALLY INVITED Tel.: 723 8818/9. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION November, 1973 and intellectual interplay between Jewish Eric Gottgetreu artists and their Gentile surroundings from the emancipation till the present day, Strauss chooses twelve examples. The list begins with MorUz Oppenheun (1800-1882) who, whUe in­ JEWISH ART AND ARTISTS fluenced in his style by the non-Jewish world. stUl remains closely attached to his Jewish A New Approach mUieu. It continues with Mark Antokolski and Mauricy Gottlieb, who both lived in Eastern A recently published, well-produced book Among the early examples of this cultural Europe during the second part of the last cen­ by Heinrich Strauss* sets out to probe how co-existence Strauss mentions the first Temple tury and with whom the urge to assimUate to Jewish artists of the past and, even more, of which was buUt in a Phoenician-Canaanitic the tendencies of the "Wide World" was already the present reacted to their inherited Jewish­ style, and Herod's Temple which was strongly much stronger. The march to "freedom" goes ness—by identification or escapism, by cling­ influenced by HeUenistic architecture. Yet in on with Jozef Israels—a staunch believer in his ing to their Jewish roots or attempting to both cases the religious content inside the tem­ two-fold loyalty to Holland and to his Jewish ignore them. In his fascinating study the ples was authentically Jewish within the heritage without feeling any conflict between author deals with the problem of Jewish assim­ lunits of the basic principle that the ritual them. Three great landscape painters with Uation and renaissance in a field which so far or other subjects were not to violate the basic limited Jewish ties who lived round the turn has not been adequately covered. WhUe there injunction against any "graven image". Ex­ of the century—Pissarro, Levitan and Lesser are dozens of valuable essays on the role of amples of a later period are the famous Ury — are subsequently described with much Jews in the literature and music of the nations fresco paintings at the third century CE syna­ love and understanding. Strauss's piece on the in whose midst they lived, Strauss's work gogue of Dura Europos on the Euphrates, British Jewish sculptor Jacob Epstein is pa^' seems to be the most knowledgeable assess­ which belonged to a small but rather indepen­ ticularly interesting because it shows how ment of their position in the fine arts. dent Jewish community. Yet there it appears differently many non-Jewish British people re­ Despite its brevity the book covers a span that at least two of the painters of biblical acted to his works of art on Christian themes of 3,000 years, from Israel in the land of scenes were strongly influenced by Hellenistic —some with strong opposition and others Canaan up to the Israel of today. In his evalua­ and Greek examples and had no inhibitions with deep admiration. FinaUy, Strauss writes tion of Jewishness in the works produced by against the inclusion of human figures and on the art of Ben-Shan and Lissisky with their people of Jewish origin, Strauss is much more faces. humanitarian and socialist messages, and about cautious than most other art historians. He Heinrich Strauss then describes later con­ Chagall's early endeavours to help sociaUst takes the view that neither descent nor tacts between Jewish and other artists and art education in the USSR prior to his identi­ mere Jewish content, i.e. the selection of particularly Islamic and Spanish influences in fication with Jewish and various other themes- motifs, are sufiBcient to qualify a work of art the Middle Ages. It was, however, only after The book concludes with an investigation of as typically Jewish — be it a painting or a the fall of the ghetto walls during the Napo­ the possibUities of developing a more out­ sculpture, a piece of craft work or a work of leonic era that Jewish artists in the diaspora spoken Jewish art in Israel. In orthodox circles architecture. Throughout their history, Jews were faced with greater psychological prob­ the biblical injunction against any "graven have been confined by the Biblical proscription lems. In their reaction to these problems they images" may stUl have its impact, while an "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven differed from each other. additional adverse influence is likely to come image..." (Exodus 20, 4). Besides, they have from the levelling effect of modern interna­ One of the most tragic cases was probably that tional artistic tendencies. Nevertheless, artists always lived as a cultural minority, be it in the of the great German impressionist Max Lieber­ ancient Orient or in the surrounding Hellen­ like Leopold Krakauer, Jacob Steinhardt. mann, who could not understand why German Isidor Aschheim, Anna Ticho and Mordechai istic-Roman, Islamic or Christian cultures. This nationalist papers should object to a Jewish was the case even in periods when they en­ Ardon have clearly shown that the attempt to painter receiving an official invitation to do a give an adequate expression to the Israel land­ joyed partial or complete political indepen­ portrait of President Hindenburg. "But I am dence. scape and the experience of the old-new Land only a painter—what has painting to do with of the Bible may well lead to the begmnings * Heinrich Strauss: Di* Kuntt der Judan Im Wandal dar ZaII Judaism?", Liebermann asked naively, unable und Umwelt. Emst Wasmuth, TQbingen. 143 pp with Index, of a new art development anchored in the love 49 illustrations and a comparative chronological table of to grasp that German racists of the "Aryan" of that beautiful and mysterious country. events in Jewish and general history. ideology could not tolerate a Jewish artist enjoying such a high position in the German cultural hierarchy. But even the good German Liebermann had to live with the facts of Nazi lUe. It was only a few years later, in spring 1933, that he was forced to resign from his DUNBEE-COMBEX-MARX position as Hon. President of the Prussian HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN Academy of Arts. In June 1933, he wrote to the Director of the Tel-Aviv Museum: ".. .That LTD. we have been deprived of all civU rights weighs as a terrible nightmare on all of us, Specialist Shippers but particularly upon those Jews who, like myself, believed in the dream of assimilation ... Unfortunately, it is no longer possible to transplant an old tree. Next month, I shaU be Fine Wines Unique Liqueurs 86." Less than a year later he died, and in 1943 his widow, then 85, took poison at the moment of her deportation to the East... // you •ajof wines Dunbee House To show the various aspects of the artistic wrtt9 for our lotost koe list 117 Great Portland Street, Gorta Radiovision wfiicfi is full of fascinating London, W.l Service information, maps, vintage reports (Member R.T.Rj^.) and charts, descriptions, wines 13 Frognal Parade, Finchley Road, N.W.3 for laying down Tel. 01-580 3264/0878 (P.B.X.) SALES REPAIRS Agents for Bush, Pyc, Philips, Fcrranti, Grams: FLEXATEX LONDON, Gfundig, etc. TELEX. Television Rentals from 40p. Per Week HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN Mr. Gort will always be pleased to 53/79 Highgate Road, London, NWS 1RR INT. TELEX 2-3540 advise you (435 8635) Choose Hallgarten—Choose Fine Wines AJR INFORMATION November, 1973 Page 7

Hans Liebeschiits end of the twenties, he fostered the Ulusion that the party would be educated by par­ ticipation in the concrete task of everyday work; nor did his judgment of his own place A JEWISH CIVIL SERVANT in society aUow him a feeling of soUdarity Memoirs of Staatsrat Leo Lippmann with Jewry as a whole, outside the famUy and his circle of friends, whom he thought to This book* offers the memoirs of a Ham­ The break was made early in life. I remem­ belong to the same class as himself. burg Jew, who entered the public service of ber from a great-uncle's birthday party in my Nevertheless, the upheaval of 1933 brought ^is home town in 1907 and became the lead- childhood that I was slightly shocked to hear him of a certain necessity into intimate con­ •J^g permanent official in the Department of Referendar Lippmann explaining the case tact with Jewish affairs during the last phase Finance during the Weimar period. Against against religion with great force to a young of his life. "is expectation he was dismissed a few days lady. He talked then as a follower of Ernst In 1935 the financial expert became the ^fter the Nazis had taken control of the gov­ Haeckel, who had developed Darwinism into leading member in the executive committee ernment of Hamburg in March 1933. He felt an instrument to understand world and man of the Hamburg community; he continued in especially grieved because his discharge from as products of mechanical forces. Lippmann this function untU the Gestapo dissolved the office was based on a paragraph, which clas­ did not join the association of Monists, which Jewish institutions in 1943. There is no doubt sified him as a party-man who had used his propagated this view in public. But he always that he worked in this office with the same Position to further the interests of a limited kept close contact with the movement and its competence and dutUul application as he had group. Yet Leo Lippmann (1881-1943) had doctrine. He deeply respected his father-in- done in public service. But the overwhelming always aimed at complete impartiality. The law. Dr. M. von der Porten, who was a weU experience behind this turn did in no way J"eport on his work as administrator, which known family doctor in suburban Poeseldorf change the balance of values which he had ne wrote between 1933 and 1935, is designed and a leading speaker at monistic con­ established in the earlier periods of his life. Jo show this attitude clearly. He decided not ferences. Although the philosophical basis of During the first years of Nazi rule many '0 emigrate. Both he and his wife took their this world picture was vulnerable, a consid­ judges and teachers, dismissed from their own lives in June 1943 after they had erable proportion of its membership came former position, found satisfaction in the received the order for their deportation to from the Jewish intelligentsia. This emergency work for the hard pressed com­ phenomenon is perhaps now easier to under­ munity; they fostered a certain feeling of ^neresienstadt. The manuscript of this book stand than it was for the contemporaries: homecoming. The final section, which Lipp­ *3s preserved with the help of Dr. E. there was a feeling among this group of mann added to his memoirs in 1941, makes it tfarvens, a coUeague. This account of a great educated Jews that the naturalistic solution completely clear that he never shared such S^reer survived in the State Archive of the to the "world's riddle" might help to estab­ feeling. He records a journey to the Middle *iamburg town hall. lish a neutral sphere, in which the stigma of East which he undertook with his wife in The book's central theme, the financial the outsider was extinguished without any 1935. He mentions that his itinerary gave affairs of a great city in a period full of surrender to the ruling faith. him a slight knowledge of Palestine and ^'^s, makes an important document for the Syria. No word is said about the Jewish sett­ ^pcial historj' of the time. Negotiations with Monism had certainly this function for lements. In conversation he made it clear '"6 Federal authorities in Berlin formed a Lippmann. The religion of emancipation by that he did not believe in the capacity of Part of Lippmann's task. So he was able to which the majority of German Jews asserted Jews to do the hard work of cultivation or to Report as witness about developments and their identity and the continuity with their an­ gather the physical strength for the defence transactions which in the end decisively in­ cestors was eliminated for him. Jewish origin of that country against the miUions of the fluenced the fate of the citizens he re- could be considered and defended as a mere Arab nations. Presented. starting point from which a life entirely dedi­ , But these memoirs of a Jewish man, who cated to the service of German values and The epilogue of the book ends with a sober ~y great gifts and persevering application, the actual needs of the country could be de­ survey of ordinances by which Hitler's ad­ otained an outstanding position in Gennan veloped. In this respect, Lippmann followed ministration humiliated and oppressed the ociety, arouse our special interest mainly the advice given by Treitschke to the Jews between 1935 and 1942. The mass ^om a quite different point of view: Lipp- German Jews and he knew about this coin­ murder is excluded, but the systematic "^fln was always conscious of his Jewish cidence. He remained convinced that his sadism of those decrees nevertheless forms •^gin and certainly never concealed it. His origin did not colour his mentality, actions an impressive document of human malicious­ yinpathies with the belief and the com- and achievements, even when the press of ness. The foregoing chapters on private life Jjiunity of his ancestors were, however, the nationalist opposition hinted at some and journeys abroad are followed by a con­ "definitely limited. signs of Jewishness in his policies. This hap­ ventional apology refuting antisemitic accus­ pened especially when the stern advocate of ations, which looks rather out of place against Lippmann's relation to Judaism and Jewry fiscal interest pleaded successfully for great as exclusively based on his feeling of loyal- the background of corrupted law expressed in expenses for the rebuilding of the opera a legal language. Lippmann gives no report y towards his family, a feature that house. emained strong through all the phases of his on his work for the community in this con­ ^I'eer. He never overlooked the fact that the When in 1907 Lippmann started his career, text; he does not characterise any of his hd capabiUty of the older generation had he was aware of the dUficulties which nor­ collaborators in this field, a theme which mally blocked the entry of an unbaptised Jew fUled many pages in the chapters on his public ^ epared his own rise in the world. His service. paternal ancestors had shared the modest ex- into public service. He reports how a remark g^'ice of traditional communities in South- by Georg Moenckeberg, at that time head of For some of these memoirs' readers a com­ ^ Germany. The father, Joseph Lippmann, the financial department, dispersed his parison with Richard Fuchs wUl come to j '^e to Hamburg invited by his uncle, who hesitation. The burgomaster, conservative in mind. Both men fitted perfectly by gifts and J, 1861 had established a successful firm in politics but liberal in human relations, en­ concentrated endeavour into their chosen J, e tin trade. Joseph became a partner in 1880; couraged him by the assertion that in Ham­ positions as administrators of public finance. ^e expanding business branched out to burg only the quality of a man's work mat­ Both shared an intense interest in the works - i"lin, but he always preserved the unassum- tered, not his origin. Lippmann had good of classical art. On the other hand, the deep j S bearing and the dialect of his origin. reason that, as far as his person was con­ contrast in their attitude to Jewry and J *'sh affairs took a good deal of his time. cerned, this promise was honoured till 1933. Judaism is striking. For Fuchs the legacy of i^j^^Ph Schonfeld, who was for 25 years the For the assessment of his own position in the his ancestors remained the spiritual force jjj^^^wan of the Tempel community, saw in world it was important that he was making his of his thought and action, the basis of his fyjVtbe best man to succeed him; Lippmann way as an administrator and not by activities humanity. It is therefore a cause for regret linked to a political party. From this cir­ that he did not leave us an autobiographical cumstance he derived the conviction that he report, which would have shown us the con?' P® ^^^^ ^^^° ^ member of the executive had established himself as an objective ser­ model of a man who combined productive in­ ^JiUnittee of the Deutsch-lsraelitische vant of public welfare, independent of the in­ tegration in his environment with a living . 'iieinde, the organisation in which terest of any group with which his famUy fg^'tional and liberal Jews were united. Leo loyalty derived from the traditions of his own ties might connect him. This attitude helped people. But perhaps it would not be quite p^Ports with proud piety about his father's him to work and to live with the Gentiles - eer, but he never admits for himseU any fair to conclude a review of Lippmann's book eftioti who belonged to a stratum important to a with such a negative note. In retrospect we lonal ties with the Jewish past. man of affairs; but this mentality did not must admit that his type of achievement and Leo help him to understand an environment in­ unlimited dedication to Germany has also ^'>tiok *-PPn^ann: Main Leben und meine amtllche 96schi t Ei'-nnerungen und ©in Beitrag zur Finanz- creasingly motivated by emotional forces, and contributed to the image of Jewry in the "on uf '^ Hamburgs Aus dem Nachlass herausgegeben narrowed his sympathies with the Jewish past mind of the post-Nazi generations, which ^'oeft "^ Jochmann. XXXV, 719 S. 9 Photographien. and present. '^fisch- r"''^''''"9en des Vereins fuer Hamburgisohe made Adenauer's policy of restitution ISS^"'^""* Bd. XIX. Hans Christians Verlag, Hamburg, feasible. When the tide of the Nazi flood rose at the Page 8 AJR INFORMATION November, 1973

F. L. Brassloff scene in Switzerland, Germany and Austria, although he recognised clearly and without self pity: "Die Fremde ist nicht Heimat geworden, aber die Heimat Fremde." GREAT MASTER OF TEIE SMALL FORM Alfred Polgar has never spelled out any Alfred Polgar Centenary political credo. Unlike contemporaries like Tucholsky and Mehring, he did not accuse, denounce and exhort, but his writings express The comments, reviews and stories written delightful reviews of plays, their writers, just as convincingly abhorrence of injustice, by Alfred Polgar during five decades have actors and producers. His lUelong love of the war and persecution. In a particularly brilliant stood the test of time. They have remained stage, combined with an understanding of and piece on "The Merchant of Venice" he elabor­ readable and enjoyable, and one may now tolerant attitude to imperfection and human ated "how the straightness and pedantic even better appreciate the immense care and foibles, made him a committed onlooker rather exactness of a bad Jew is foiled by the consummate skiU of an author who managed than a professional critic. He admired and talmudic trick of good Christians." Apart from to condense into a few pages a wealth of praised artists of the stature of Albert Basser­ their lasting literary value, Alfred Polgar's wisdom, humour and imagination. mann and Max Pallenberg, Fritzi Massary and writings constitute a highly personal and Polgar was bom in Vienna on October 17, Tilla Durieux. He recognised the potentialities Uluminating commentary on signUicant aspects 1873, and died in Zurich on AprU 24, 1955. of young authors, including Bertolt Brecht. of German and Austrian culture in the first Already before World War I, his articles, Unlike most of his Berlin coUeagues, he was half of our century. published in Vienna newspapers, were distin­ not always impressed by Max Reinhardt's guished by succinctness, ironical detachment "wizardry". During his Berlin years, his articles and sharpness of observation. He certainly was began to be re-published in books which rooted in the specific Viennese culture—its gained their author a wider pubUc. The Nazis NEWS FROM BERLIN unique combination of music, theatre and treated them, as a matter of course, as coffee house lUe—to which so many Jews products of Jewish decadence and committed "Aron-Strasse " Re-Instated made valuable contributions. His style, how­ samples to their symbolic burnings of "non- ever, dUfered already then from that of the Aryan" literature. The " Sackfuhrerdamm " in Berlin-Neukolln wiU again be caUed " Aron-Strasse ", the name producers of the discursive "feuUleton" by a Polgar himself returned to his home town basically critical approach. He exposed the it had untU 1933. Hermann Aron was the Vienna in 1933; he emigrated after the mathematician and physician who, in 1883, sham "Gemuetlichkeit" and showed sympa­ "Anschluss". As a refugee in Switzerland, thetic understanding for the victims of petty France and finally in the United States, he sent the first wireless signals across the Wann­ officialdom, particularly a narrow-minded acquired new sad experiences, but the see and who also invented the first usable administration of justice. dimension of his work and his outlook did electric meter, later called " Aronzahler ". Be In 1924, Polgar moved to Berlin. There his not change essentially. As a writer whose was born in 1845 in Kempen as the son oi little masterpieces appeared regularly in the deep attachment to the German language and a cantor and died in 1913 in Homburg v.d.B. "Tagebuch" and the "Weltbuehne", whose elegantly polished style do not lend them­ He was the founder and head of the AIOT^- editor, Siegfried Jacobsohn, belonged to his selves to translation, he remained a stranger werke which were " transformed" into the admirers. The obituary, which Polgar wrote in Hollywood and New York. The retum to Heliowattwerk Elektrizitats-A.G. in 1933 ano in apprecation of his friend, Ls a striking Europe was therefore appropriate in his case later taken over by two firms associated wit" example of his ability to pay tribute to talent and Zurich the comparatively best place for the Siemens concern. ^ . and integrity. This gUt is apparent in his him to resume his reviewing the theatrical E.G.L-

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AJR INFORMATION November. 1973 Page 9

fair proportion of Russian immigrants. Ac­ cording to student counsellors, by going out SCENE FROM ISRAEL into society in this way the students are maKing tnings easier for themselves at tne VIENNA TRANSIT to Soviet Jewish emigrants would continue without diminution However, some re­ same time making a positive contribution to Dr. Bruno Kreisky, the Austrian Chancel­ organisation was essential in order to the community. lor, in a radio interview revealed that the guarantee the safety of the emigrants, which EMIGRANTS WHO RE-EMIGRATE idea of banning organised travel through had been endangered for some time. Austria by Soviet Jewish emigrants en route As is known. Dr. Kreisky is Jewish, having The Jewish Agency, United Hias Service to Israel had originated with his Cabinet. It been born into an affluent middle-class and the American Joint Distribution Com­ was suggested in the hope that the offer Jewish family 62 years ago. Tuming Socialist mittee wUl no longer give financial aid to ^ight induce the Arabs to release the three at an early age and imprisoned under Dollfuss Soviet Jews emigrating from Israel via Rome. Soviet Jews and the Austrian customs official and later under Hitler, he had dissociated The three organisations have become in­ held hostage and to leave Austria. himself from everything Jewish in the years creasingly concerned at the rise in the President Nixon, who urged Dr. Kreisky to before the Second World War broke out. He number of Soviet Jews leaving Israel after reconsider his decision to shut down Kastell was able to emigrate to Sweden from Austria having arrived as immigrants. in 1938, retuming to Austria in 1945 with his Schoenau, said at a press conference that At first the number seeking temporary as­ governments simply could not give in to Swedish wife and two children, to become blackmail by terrorist organisations. Foreign Minister and, in October, 1971, sistance was small—S3 during 1972. However, Chancellor of Austria. as the size of the aid operation began to In the view of the Dutch Foreign Minister, grow it seemed, the Agency felt, as though Mr. Max van der Stoel, Holland feels that she Soviet immigrants to Israel were being en­ is obliged to do something for the Jews of RUSSIAN STUDENTS couraged to leave by the financial assistance the Soviet Union". The Dutch Premier and being made available. From January to mid- the Foreign Minister were asked by the There are more than 350 Russian students August this year 389 appUcations for as­ leader of the Labour Party in the Dutch Par­ enrolled at the Hebrew University, and a sistance had been received from Rome, even liament, Mr. Ed van Thijn, to set up recep­ group of them is dedicated to contribute tion camps in Holland for Soviet emigrants. though nearly all the appUcants had found something to the community as a whole. jobs and had been given housing after arriv­ At its conference in Blackpool, the British They are helped by a special fund set up by ing in Israel. Labour Party passed an emergency resolution Mr. Cyril Stein, a British businessman, aimed oeploring the Austrian (Government's surren­ specifically at assisting the integration of The decision to stop aid to Soviet emi­ der to terrorism. Soviet students into Israeli life, as well as grants in Rome was finally taken on the The suggestion by Mr. Harold Wilson, the promoting socio-historical research into the basis of the principle that a Soviet Jew Soviet community in Israel. choosing to leave Israel for another country Leader of the Opposition, that Britain should could not be classified as a refugee. Provide the Russian-Jewish emigrants to Through the efforts of the young Russian Israel with transit facUities denied them by students, an active community centre has TOGO BREAK Austria, although welcomed as a humanita­ been started in Kiryat Menachem, a mixed rian gesture, was not regarded as a practical neighbourhood including old-timers from The West African State of Togo, which has Solution owing to Britain's geographical posi­ Arab countries and new immigrants from all broken off relations with Israel, is the sev­ tion. over the Westem world and the Soviet enth African nation to do so during the past Mr. Otto Roesch, the Austrian Minister of Union. The project, now going into its second 18 months. A Foreign Ministry spokesman Jhe Interior, has said that the Kastell year, involving 10 and 15 students at any one made the announcement in Jerusalem "with ^choenau affair was greatly exaggerated and time, provides tuition for the chUdren and I egret and bitter dismay". niisunderstoood all over the world, especially has begun a theatre circle for teenagers. in Israel. Austria was still prepared to help The Russian students say that the language and a satisfactory solution would certainly be barrier is easier to overcome than the barrier (It is hoped to publish a report about the lound. He promised that the hospitable and of absorption into the modes of thinking and impact of the War on the Israeli scene in the numanitarian treatment Austria had accorded behaviour in Israel, felt most acutely by a next issue.—The Ed.)

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Continental Boarding House Catering with a difference reo« of all nations tor formal ar Performing Weri-aopolnted rooms, excellent lood. TV. Informal occaalona—In your own kMVi* Garden. Cono^nial atmosphere. Reasgnable or anv vonue. rates. A permanent home tor the eldertv- Security atxl continuity of manaaemant LONDON AND COUNTRY assured by Miracles Mrs. A. Wolff & Mrs. H. Wolff (Jnr) 3 Hemstal Road, London, Mrs. ILLY LIEBERMAN by Silhouette NW6 2AB. Tel.: 01-624 8521 01-937 2872 Hotel Pension SWISS COTTAGE HOTEL 4 Adamson Road, ARLET London, N.W.S MRS. L. SCHWARZ 77 St. Gabriel's Road. London. N.W.2. TEL.: 01-722 2281 Tel.: 452 4029 Beautifully appointed—all modern Exaulsitely furnished rooms for visitors and permanent Quests. comforts. Central heating. TV. Radios. Garden. 1 minute from Swiss Cottage Tube Station

CHANGE OF ADDRESS ROSEMOUNT GUEST HOUSE In order to ensure that you Excellent food. Colour TV. receive your copy of "AJR Central heating Large garden. Information" regularly, please 17 Parsifal Road, London, inform us immediately of any N.W.6 change of address. Tel.: 01-435 5856 & 8565 Page 10 AJR INFORMATION November, 1973

DR. S. E. VELDEN IN MEMORIAM On the eve of Rosh Hashana, the physician Dr. S. E. Velden quietly passed away. Only.a few months ago, tribute was paid to hini u^ WILLY HAAS FRED ZIEGELLAUB this paper on the occasion of his 80th birthday. The author and literary critic, Willy Haas, Dr. Velden came to this country from Czectic^ whose death in Hamburg at the age of 82 Mr. Fred Ziegellaub, who played a leading Slovakia in 1939 and practised in Hampsteaa was announced in our previous issue, was part in the organisation of Jewish relief work since 1945. He will be gratefully rememberea bom in Prague and a contemporary and on the European continent after the war, by his numerous patients and friends. schoolmate of Franz Kafka, Max Brod, recently died m New York. Bom in Worms, he Franz Werfel and the actor Emst Deutsch. was a student of medicine in Heidelberg, MEMORIAL IN KREFELD At the age of 20 he founded his first literary when the Nazis came to power. He emigrated periodical, where the early works of his first to France and from there to the United A memorial, consisting of six columns which friends in the "Prager Kreis" were published. States. When, in 1949, the Paul Baerwald symbolise the six million victims, was recently After having served as an officer in the School for Jewish social work was opened in consecrated in Krefeld near the site of tne Austrian army during the First World War, Versailles, he became a member of its teach­ previous synagogue. The main address was he went to Berlin. In 1925, together with ing staff. He later served as Director of the delivered by Dr. Josef Neuberger, the former Emst Rowohlt, he founded the "Literarische Community Relations Department of the Joint Minister of Justice of North Rhine-Westphalia, Welt", a widely recognised weekly. He and, from 1957-1962, was Country Director for himself a Jewish persecutee. The function retumed to Prague in 1933 and, after the Germany of the Joint. His activities as a was also attended by several emigrated Jews German invasion, emigrated to India, where capable social worker, organiser and educa­ from Krefeld. he helped to build up the Indian film industry. tionist excelled by his deep understanding According to reports published in tne He went back to Germany in 1947 and, until for the human needs of those for whom he "Aufbau" and also received from AJR ^P^' his death, was theatre critic of Die Welt (Ham­ was responsible. bers, the occasion was badly prepared. Tnis burg), for which he also wrote feuilletons is, to some extent, attributed to the allegedly under the pseudonym "Caliban". His works lukewarm attitude to the project on the pari include his autobiography, "Die Literarische DR. FRITZ HOMEYER of the City CouncU, which, according to one Welt" (1957), and several volumes of essays. report, was also reflected in the indifferent He also wrote a number of film scripts, the The literary historian. Dr. Fritz Homeyer, and non-committal welcoming address of the best known of which is "Freudlose Gasse" died in London at the age of 93. As head of Lord Mayor. Though of the 1,400 Jews who with Greta Garbo. the Foreign Language Department of Bumpus once lived in Krefeld quite a few were able In his memoirs, Haas wrote that, dissatisfied booksellers from 1938 to 1951, he was well to emigrate in time, invitations were sent oui by the dehydrated brand of Judaism in his known to many members of our community. to only 19 addresses, and a number oi parental home, he embraced Roman Catholi­ He also rendered a valuable contribution to addresses, given to the City Council, were cism but that he became bitterly dissappointed German-Jewish historiography by his work not followed up. None of those who ha'' at the complacent attitude of the Church " Deutsche Juden als Bibliophilen und Anti­ formerly been active in the community' vis a vis the Nazi regime. In the family quare " (published in the series of Leo Baeck appear to have been invited, and it was also announcement of his death, published in Die Institute monographs) which is based on ex­ regretted that no rabbi took part in the cere­ Welt, the relatives asked that in lieu of flowers pert knowledge of the subject and was inspired mony, though it should have been po^^i?,-^ donations should be sent to the Jewish by feelings of friendship with many German to enlist the services of one of the rabbis National Fund. Jews outstanding in this field. officiating in neighbouring cities.

FAMILY EVENTS Broch.—Mrs. Ema Broch (nee White.—Mr. Bemard White, of from November 17, 1973, to Janu­ Eisenberg), of 86 Ashford Court, 107 Cheviot Gardens, London, ary 5, 1974, also becoming tempor­ Entries in the column Family Ashford Road, London, N.W.2 N.W.2, died on October 5. ary owners of friendly, elderly Events are free of charge. Texts (formerly Bochum), passed away Moumed by his wife, Mrs. Hedwig Corgi. Rental £15 per week. Two should be sent in by the 15th of on September 17, aged 66. Be­ White, his daughters, sons-in-law, references required and interview. the month. loved wife, mother, sister, sister- grandchildren, relatives and many Box 358. Birthdays in-law and aunt. May she rest in friends. peace. Personal Apt.—Mrs. Sophie Apt (nee Cassel.—Mrs. Alice Cassel (nee CLASSIFIED Jacobi), of 84 Shoot-up Hill, ATTRACTIVE YOUNG JEWISH Erlenbach), of 41 Belevedere LADY wishes to meet educateo London, N.W.2 (formerly Dres­ Court, Lyttelton Road, London, The charge in these columns is den), will celebrate her 90th gentleman under 50 of same faii" N.2, died on September 28 at the 15p for five words. with view to friendship. Box 359- birthday on November 1. age of 82. Deeply mourned by her husband, F. S. Cassel, children, Situations Vacant INDEPENDENT CONTINENTAL Francken.—Mrs. Dora Francken, grandchildren and great-grand­ WIDOW, well educated, bndi^ of 10 Belsize Park, London, N.W.3, children. Women player, wishes to meet similar P'y' celebrated her 90th birthday on fessional gentleman, early oos- October 6. Frisclunann.—• Mrs. Josephine Frischmann passed away on The AJR EMPLOYMENT Object companionship. Box 360. October 24 in Osmond House, AGENCY needs part-time Home- Freudmann.—Mrs. Martha Freud­ helps (shopping/cooking), com­ mann, of Heinrich Stahl House, The Bishop's Avenue, London, N.2. MISSING PERSONS The Bishop's Avenue, London, N.2, Deeply mourned by her daughter panions and attendants for the will celebrate her 93rd birthday Trude and family who would like elderly who require personal assis­ Personal Enquiries on November 11. to express their heartfelt thanks tance. Please telephone: 01-624 to the staff of Osmond House and 4449 for an appointment. Klements.—Eva and Vera Kjein- Landau.—Mrs. Charlotte Landau, the AJR. ents, who arrived in England u 1939 from Prague, aged approxiu' of Heinrich Stahl House, The Kober. — Dr. Hermann Kober, Situations Wanted Bishop's Avenue, London, N.2, ately 8 and 10 years old, and wnf Ph.D., D. Law, MSc, D.Sc, of 91 ALTERATIONS OF DRESSES lived with Mr. and Mrs. F. Gibbon^, celebrated her SOth birthday on Weoley Park Road, Selly Oak, October 11. etc., undertaken by ladies on our at Whiteshill, near Stroud, Glou­ Birmingham, passed away on register. Phone : AJR Employment cestershire. Mr. Gibbons (now 8"^ October 4. Beloved husband of Deaths Agency, 01-624 4449. living at Rest-By-The-Way, Edgf' Kate and dear father of Peter. near Stroud, GL6 6ND, would i"= Arje.—Mrs. Irene Arje, of 10 War­ Ollendorff.—Mrs. Margarete Ollen­ Miscellaneous happy to have some news. - -^ rington Gardens, London, N.W.9, dorff passed away on October 14 Seibold.—Mr. Fritz Seibold and biS passed away suddenly on Septem­ in Heinrich Stahl House, The EXCLUSIVE FUR REPAIRS family who lived in 1938-39 , ber 16. Deeply moumed by her Bishop's Avenue, London, N.2. AND RESTYLING. All kinds of Hainburg, Donau, Jagerhaussie" loving husband and many friends. Deeply moumed by her family. fur work undertaken by first-class lung No. 2. He was an employ^- —With thanks for all the sympathy She will be sadly missed by the renovator and stylist, many years' of Lord Rothschild. Informatio^ shown to me.—Walter Arje. residents and staff of the Home experience and best references. regarding his whereabouts shou where she spent the last ten years Phone 01-452 5867, after 5 p.m. be sent to: Mrs. Olga Skula, ^ Bieber.—Mrs. Alice Bieber, of of her life. for appointment. Mrs. F. Philipp, Swiss Cottage Hotel, Adamson 44 Ellesmere Road, Dollis Hill, Cobham Road, Kingston-on-Thaflie=" Road, Swiss Cottage, London, Ostwald.—Dr. Walter Ostwald, of London, N.W.IO. Surrey, KTl 3AE. N.W.3, died on September 5. 58 Hamilton Road, London, N.W.ll Deeply moumed by all her rela­ (formerly Munster i.W.), died on THANKS FOR NEW YEAR tives and friends. October 1, aged 83. Sadly missed Acconunodation Vacant GREETINGS by his many friends. Boss.—Miss K. Boss, of 48 Messina WARM, BEAUTIFULLY APPOIN­ THE STAFF OF THE AJR.wish^ Avenue, London, N.W.6, passed Pollak.—Mrs. Trade Pollak, of TED, detached, village house with to thank members for their i^^ passed away peacefully on October Arthur Court, London, W.2, passed T.V. and garage, 3 miles from Year greetings which were ^y 2. Deeply moumed by her friends. away on October 1. Deeply loved Bath, desires home-loving middle- numerous to reply to pers°"^gjr Miss F. Gordon and Mrs. M. and never to be forgotten by the aged/retired couple to enjoy it and cordially reciprocates <•" Pickardt members of the Mozart Circle. whilst owners visit children abroad good wishes. AJR INFORMATION November, 1973 Page 11

^Ifons Rosenberg H. W, Freyhan CARL FLESCH CENTENARY THREE EXHIBITIONS October 9 was the centenary of the birth of Carl Flesch, the great violinist. Born in Heinrich Sussmann this event is retained, figurative details omit­ Hungary, he later settled in Berlin where he ted. Another subject—expressing a similar played a prominent part in the city's concert . It can't be easy to be a Jewish artist in our idea—is that of two hands. An early sculp­ life. His partnership with Schnabel led to time. Should he follow Goya's example and ture "Two Pairs of Hands" shows fingers, their famous edition of Beethoven's violin represent "The disasters of Judaism" or thin and tender which are knitted together sonatas. Two of his concerts coincided with should he regard his art as a means to dis­ as if fearful of separation. In later ones the historic events: he and Schnabel gave a well- tract people and remind them of the better hands have become stronger and more power­ attended recital in Kassel on November 9, ?nd more encouraging things in their lives? ful. It is form and space, emptiness and full­ 1918, and Flesch's last appearance on a Heinrich Sussmann (whose exhibition of ness, and the idea in the work as a whole German platform took place on the night of Paintings and drawings at the Campbell and that seeks expression. the Reichstag fire when he was the soloist at Franks Galleries ended on October 2) has There were many sketches in the ex­ a Furtwaengler concert. the sensitivity and the talent to do both. One hibition proving his mastery of drawing. And After a stay in London Flesch settled in Portfolio of his lithographs is entitled "I then the exact opposite of statuary: pictures Holland, where he was caught by the German femember Auschwitz once again", but there of the world of dreams and fantasies evoking occupation. Furtwaengler, whose "friendship ^ also another one called "Fiddler on the the realm of the fluid and ever changing has survived all vicissitudes" (Flesch), in­ ^oof". Altogether his whole work seems to element. tervened on his behalf, and the Hungarian ^e a search for happiness or rather for a Nonnenmacher is a "Wanderer zwischen composer Dohnanyi secured for him the balanced and serene view of life. His training zwei Weiten". We have a feeling that his Hungarian passport which enabled him to and a good part of his career testify to such searchings and wanderings are far from find refuge in Switzerland. But his health ^ attitude. He was a gifted young draughts- finished. At the age of 82 he might still have had given way under these ordeals and he ''^an and cartoonist. He is outward-looking many surprises in store for us. died in 1944. His son in London (now a and versatile as painter, illustrator, designer, member of the AJR Executive) received the S^aphic artist, potter and exhibition designer. Adele Reifenberg news through the Press. *t is more the moment in life, the outward appearance of things and of human Recently an elderly lady said to me: Those Apart from his practical editions of violin peings—both so important—which fires his who deteriorate in old age, becoming dis­ music Flesch published Die Kunst des imagination. It is significant that prevalent gruntled and nasty, can't look back at a ful­ Violinspiels and Klangproblem des Geigen- among his Jewish subjects are the Chassidim filled life. Those who have lived according to spiels. His Memoirs were posthumously pub­ *nose joyful religious practices are the envy their calling are relaxed and serene when lished in 1957 (reviewed in AJR Information °t so many. in June 1958); a new Centenary Edition—a they begin to age. reprint with four additional photographs—is In his opening address the deputy director The Ben Uri Gallery (21 Dean Street, W.l) now available (publishers: Bois de Boulogne, °t the Austrian Institute emphasised the has staged a retrospective exhibition (open Harlow, Essex; 500 numbered copies only, sreat importance of Tarnopol where Suss- until November 9) of Adele Reifenberg's £7-50 net). ^ann vvas born in 1904 for the artist's work in honour of her 80th birthday and the PWlosophy of life. Mr. Sussmann's reaction: 45th anniversary of her first show in 1928. Carl Flesch was an outstanding teacher **ny Tarnopol? In any case I left it as a Only recently we have traced the artist's life whose pupils include Rostal, Ida Haendel, child. in this paper and tried to appreciate her Ginette Neveu, Szeryng, Gimpel and many achievement. It remains to note that the pre­ other fomous violinists. Some of them are sent exhibition allows a comprehensive view taking part in various musical events which Hermann Nonnenmacher of her development. About 50 oil paintings commemorate the centenary in Germany, the are shown. Of her first ever painting, at the U.S.A. and in this country. They include a Artists also are human beings. Therefore age of 17, a river with a bridge, her teacher concert in which Szeryng, Rostal, Ida Haen­ e admire in Hermann Nonnenmacher a man Lovis Corinth said: a good picture on the del and Bronislav Gimpel are to play ho throughout his long life worked single- whole but the bridge could have been better. Vivaldi's Concerto for 4 violins, conducted by ^nndedly at his task, not making any con­ The "Tree in a Landscape" received a prize Menuhin. cessions to the ever shifting fads of the day, in Weimar in 1915. • ?^er seeking cheap popularity. This has won im the esteem and the love not only of his There is practically nothing which has not Jjmerous friends but also of other scholars caught the painter's eye in her more than 60 SAMUEL L. HABER, 70 !^« lovers of art. The great number of years of active life: landscapes, still life, ^°Ple attending his one-man exhibition at human beings and inanimate objects. Once Mr. Samuel L. Haber, Executive Vice-Chair­ ^"^g's Collie, which closed on October 13, somebody criticised one of her paintings for man of the Joint, celebrated his 70th birthday u,^^ a testimony to this. After the introductory its rather sombre colours. Miss Reifenberg re­ on October 12. During the crucial years 1947- gords of the Dean of the College, the Right plied: The flute is a nice instrument but so is the 'cello. 1954, when nearly 200,000 Jewish DPs in In 10 ^^oi^e Strauss, M.P., opened the show. Germany had to be looked after and to be 1938 he had helped this refugee from Ger- Has she any plans for the ninth decade of prepared for emigration, he was director of j^ny; hg Qo^ owns and treasures some of her life? "Of course, self-portraits and any­ jT^ Works and he mentioned the contribution thing that will stimulate my imagination". the Joint headquarters for Germany and jj'^^^eninacher had made to the artistic life That is the spirit. Austria in Munich. He later became Deputy Britain. He hoped that one day there General Director of the Joint operations office ght be an exhibition of works by Mis. Non- in Geneva and, after the death of Charles H. j;'J^acher, a distinguished artist in her own Jordan in 1967, was appointed to his present position. MR. ALBERT REIMANN 99 ^ue show demonstrates a "pilgrim's pro- MEALS-ON-WHEELS ^ss". The early pieces, made in Berlin, dis- Mr Albert Reimann (11 Hillcrest Avenue, Q^ y his mastery over his material which is London, N.W.ll), the founder and director of More Drivers Needed the once-famous Reimann-Schule in Berlin, will ^; *as mostly wood. Right from the begin- celebrate his 99th birthday in good health on for^ .We notice the humanity and sympathy The AJR Meals-on-Wheels Service has proved November 9. The AJR, whose Board member a great success and the number of people who • sunpie people or religious figures which he has been for many years, extends its Pe^'^ his sculptures. From this flows his heartiest congratulations to Mr. Reimann. benefit from it is steadily growing. "This ex­ pg^^^al interest in relations between pansion also makes it necessary to extend pgP^e, in togetherness and the sadness of the team of voluntary drivers who deliver b^-/^?- And here we observe—while the ISLE OF MAN the meals. Experience has shown that this form ^^^^i® remains the same—a changing of INTERNMENT 1914/18 & 1939/45 is a most rewarding job because it also leads to personal contacts with the recipients which it L ^^*^ expression over the years. At first I buy envelopes and folded letter age ^^^i^tic representation. But with greater are greatly appreciated by them. Any car- dej^.?*"! wisdom unnecessary and distracting forms from these and other camps. owners who can spare time in the morning bra • ^® '^^^ °^^ until he arrives at "Em- Please send to: PETER C. RICKENBACK, on either Mondays, Wednesdays or Fridays beco"^^" °^ ^^^^' ^^^'•^ *^° people have 14 Rosslyn Hill, London, N.W.S. should contact the AJR Office (Mrs. S. Panke), ^^ one, inextricably; only the essence of 624 9096/7. Page 12 AJR INFORMATION November, 1973

E. G. Loicenthal Canada and in South America (in Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, Buenos Aires and San­ tiago) while in some countries, for instance in Switzerland, old-established Jewish aid or­ 25 YEARS OF U.R.O, ganisations are looking after U.R.O. interests. Some of the leading legal members have Record of a Unique Enterprise been "in it" for 25 years. Others are no longer among us. Apart from Professor Bent­ On the occasion of a meeting of the United examples may be quoted at random: Reduc­ wich, we particularly remember Dr. H. Reich­ Restitution Organisation (U.R.O.) in Frank­ tion of earning capacity owing to per­ mann and Dr. F. Goldschmidt. The com­ furt/Main in the autumn of 1958, Professor secution; classification in cases of loss of position and thus the physiognomy of the Norman Bentwich, chairman of the U.R.O. income; minimum pensions; capital com­ Board, on which Jewish international aid or­ Board from its inception until his death in pensation and choice of pension; heritability ganisations closely co-operate with U.RO- 1971, said: "We are glad that we have been of claims; requirements for inclusion of app­ (Council of Jews from Germany, Joint, able by our work to make the lives of tens of licants in the German language and cultural Jewish Agency for Israel, Central British thousands of refugees from Germany and sphere; granting of hardship equalisation Fund for Jewish Relief and Rehabilitation, Central Europe a little easier and more benefits; courses of medical treatment; de­ Claims Conference) have also changed. At pleasant." These words also give an idea of privation of liberty owing to periods spent in present it is headed by Eran Laor (Geneva) this public-spirited intemational legal aid or­ hiding; reopening of completed compensation and Dr. C. I. Kapralik (London), both of ganisation which came into being as a result proceedings (Zweitbescheide); old age pen­ whom have for a long time been familiar and of the special political circumstances pre­ sions payable by the social insurance; associated with Jewish social work; at the vailing at that time, for it had become appar­ equalisation of burdens. end of 1971 they took the places of Bentwich ent early on that there was a need for an Thus U.R.O.'s daily work diuing the past and A. G. Brotman (who died in London in institution to represent the restitution claims 25 years has become a reflection of the de­ 1970) respectively. of applicants who at that time were in no velopment of the complex and complicated It may be assumed that, though on an in­ position to meet the fees of a private lawyer. fabric of compensation and restitution. The creasing reduced scale, U.R.O. will be needed At the initiative of the Council of Jews majority of the claims have, it is time, been for a further number of years, both in the from Germany, U.R.O. was founded in London nearly or entirely settled, but the work emigration centres, in order to assist the three years after the end of the war as cannot yet be regarded as completed. Even socially weak victims of persecution, and in interaational "Claims Agency" with the now it is not possible to estimate when the Germany to fight effectively for obtaining as­ financial help of the American "Joint", the still pending "cases" will be concluded. sistance for them either in administrative or Jewish Agency and the Central British Fund. Furthermore, the roughly 250,000 persons in court proceedings. In his last detailed Yet spadework had already been done by the receiving pensions require for some time to report (in 1969) Professor Bentwich rightly AJR which provided advisory facilities come the care of a public-spirited, non-pro­ described U.R.O. as a "social enterprise" and almost since the end of hostilities. fit making organisation such as URO. "an enterprise of Justice." With this charac­ Now this great Jewish organisation can By 1967 U.R.O. had settled a total of terisation of the most far-flung legal aid or­ look back on a quarter of a century as an 400,000 claims. In the period from 1949 to ganisation in the world he hit the nail on the enterprise with an extraordinary mission and 1968 the organisation obtained, in the field head. a world-wide extension without parallel in of compensation alone, about DM. 100,000,000 legal history. There are still tasks which it annually for its clients. All in all the moneys RUSSIAN CONDEMNATIONS CHALLENGED will have to tackle, though on a considerably "transacted" by U.R.O. amount approximately reduced scale. Whether claims are for restitu­ to 10-12 per cent of the sums disbursed by Jewish Scientists in the Forefront tion of indentifiable assets or for compensation the Federal Govemment. This numerical com­ In the denunciations of Professor Andrei for damage to life, limb and health, for de­ parison illustrates the importance of U.R.O. Sakharov, the nuclear scientist, and Mr- privation of liberty, for damage to property within the overall framework of restitution Alexander Solzhenitsyn, the Nobel Pn^^ and to professional and economic advance­ and compensation. author, only 13 people have dared challenge ment, they are the consequence of the During its busiest period, about 15 years the condemnation by the Soviet authorities, National Socialist laws of discrimination ago, U.R.O. employed over 1,000 persons in and of these 11 are Jews. They are ten Soviet Jewish scientists headed by Professor against the Jews and the acts of brute force its offices; about 20 per cent of them were Benjamin Levich, a corresponding member oi directed against Jews and other persecuted lawyers, largely from Germany, but Poland, the Soviet Academy of Sciences, and Mr- persons. Hungary, Rumania and Yugoslavia, also Alexander Galich, the poet and song writer- U.R.O. did not confine itself to pursuing figure among the countries of origin of the The two Russians are the internationailJ the individual claims of the persecutees. helpers trained in law. Meanwhile, in the known mathematician. Professor 1&°^ Their legal experts also concemed them­ course of the increasing settlement of claims, Shafarevich, and the Russian writer, Mr- selves with the general issues of legislation, the U.R.O. staff in various offices has been Vladimir Maximov. administrative practice and jurisdiction. They considerably cut, although U.R.O. offices in The real name of Mr. Galich, who was ex­ various parts of the world have been largely pelled from the Soviet Writers' Union in also initiated and systematically carried out 1971, is Ginsburg. In his underground po^'"; research work in, for instance, matters which kept open. The need for this lies in the "The Jews", he wams Soviet Jews that they required clarification about the methods of nature of this specific and complex field of cannot hope for equality of treatment or per­ the persecution of Jews in Nazi-occupied law, in which intricate and long drawn out sonal advancement within the framework oi countries. Thus important compilations of lawsuits are inevitable. The most important the present Soviet system. documents have been published designed to branch offices remain in Israel, in New York, The ten scientists, all of whom have been establish who, in the last resort, was respon­ London and Frankfurt/Main, the seat of the refused permission to emigrate to Israel, seni sible for persecution measures such as de­ Central Office, and in Berlin. There are a letter to foreign correspondents in Moscow branch offices also in Paris, Brussels and warning that the newspaper "hounding' .°^ privation of liberty and deportation. Among the two men "has as its aim the intimidatiou the general questions taken up by U.R.O. in Stockholm, in Cologne, Munich and Hanover. of all freethinkers and the preparation oi the course of their activities, the following U.R.O. is also represented in Australia, public opinion for future repressions." .

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