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Overture: Guilty Men Notes Overture: Guilty Men 1. ‘Cato’, Guilty Men (London, 1940); Kenneth O. Morgan, Michael Foot: A Life (London, 2007) pp. 72–82. 2. ‘Cato’, Guilty Men, pp. 17–21 for political scene setting; pp. 32–4 for Bevin and Lansbury. 3. Winston Churchill, The Second World War, Volume 1, The Gathering Storm (London, 1948); C.L. Mowat, Britain Between the Wars, 1918–1940 (London, 1955) p. 142. The contingency of the Guilty Men myth’s appeal is analysed in Philip Williamson, ‘Baldwin’s Reputation: Politics and History 1937–1967’ Historical Journal 47:1 (2004) 127–168. 4. See the profile in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (hereafter ODNB) online http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/56/101056984/ (accessed 8 June 2014). 5. HC Deb 5th Series Volume 290 Columns 1930, 1932, 14 June 1934. 6. Mowat, Britain Between the Wars, p. 361; A.J.P. Taylor, English History 1914–1945 (Oxford, 1965), p. 285. Mosley’s own contribution can be found in My Life (London, 1968). 7. Robert Skidelsky, Politicians and the Slump: the Labour Government of 1929–31 (London, 1967); Oswald Mosley (London, 1975). The latter includes the ‘lost leader’ comment at p. 13. 8. Peter Clarke, Lancashire and the New Liberalism (Cambridge, 1971). 9. Ross McKibbin, Parties and People: England 1914–1951 (Oxford, 2010); Duncan Tanner, ‘Class Voting and Radical Politics: the Liberal and Labour Parties 1910–1931’, in Miles Taylor and Jon Lawrence (eds.), Party State and Society: Electoral Behaviour in Britain since 1820 (Aldershot, 1997), pp. 106–30. 10. Oswald Ernald Mosley was born 19 November 1896 and succeeded to the baronetcy on 21 September 1928. He was frequently referred to as ‘Tom Mosley’. 11. Mosley, My Life, p. 10; the Vicar’s blessing is in Derby Mercury, 20 August 1873. 12. Image from Skidelsky, Oswald Mosley, pp. 33–4, the recollection of a Rolleston woman; George Eliot’s perceptions are assessed in Raymond Williams, The Country and the City (London, 1973) Chapter 16. 13. For the developing railway network see Robin Leleux, A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain, Volume IX, The East Midlands (Newton Abbot, 1984); Anslow’s comment is in Railway Gazette, 16 February 1912. 14. David Cannadine, The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy (New Haven, CT, 1990), Chapters 10–11. These are entitled, ‘Lost Causes and Disappointed Hopes’ and ‘The Politics of Paranoia’. Rolleston’s farmland, 3,800 acres, was sold off in two sales in 1919 and 1920; the hall and 204 acres of parkland were sold in 1923–4. Nigel J Tringham (ed.), A History of the County of Stafford, Volume X, Tutbury and Needwood Forest (Woodbridge, 2007) p. 199. 213 214 Notes to Chapter 1 15. Mosley, My Life Chapter 3; Skidelsky, Oswald Mosley, pp. 67–8; Adrian Gregory, The Last Great War: British Society and the First World War (Cambridge, 2008). 16. Robert Rhodes James, Anthony Eden (London, 1986), Chapter 2; Kenneth Harris, Attlee (London, 1982), pp. 34–40. 17. Simon Ball, The Guardsmen: Harold Macmillan, Three Friends and the World They Made (London, 2005); Anthony Sampson, Macmillan: A Study in Ambiguity (London, 1967); Alastair Horne, Macmillan, 1894–1956 (London, 1988); D.R. Thorpe, Supermac: The Life of Harold Macmillan (London, 2010). 18. Curzon to his second wife, Grace, 21 March 1920, cited in Skidelsky, Oswald Mosley, p. 85. 1 Apprenticeships 1. Mosley, My Life, p 90. In the post-1918 period the terms ‘Conservative’ and ‘Unionist’ were used interchangeably and this practice is followed in the text. 2. J. Turner, British Politics and the Great War: Coalition and Conflict 1915–1918 (New Haven, CT, 1992) Chapters 9–12. 3. For Henderson see Fred Leventhal, Arthur Henderson (Manchester, 1990); Chris Wrigley, Arthur Henderson (Cardiff, 1990); Ross McKibbin, ‘Arthur Henderson as Labour Leader’ International Review of Social History 23 (1978) 79–101. More generally, Ross McKibbin, The Evolution of the Labour Party 1910–1924 (Oxford, 1974). The Coalition Labour members were Barnes, Parker, Roberts and Wardle. 4. For Milner see A.M. Gollin, Proconsul in Politics: A Study of Lord Milner in Opposition and in Power (London, 1964); J.O. Stubbs, ‘Lord Milner and Patriotic Labour 1914–18’ English Historical Review 88 (1972), 717–54; for Tillett see Jon Schneer, Ben Tillett: Portrait of a Labour Leader (London, 1982). 5. For pre–war Harrow see Henry Pelling, Social Geography of British Elections, 1885–1910 (London, 1967), pp. 62, 66–7; for Harrow 1918 election Skidelsky, Oswald Mosley, pp. 69–75; Harrow Gazette 22, 29 November 1918. Chamberlayne had stood as a Liberal Unionist at Glasgow St Rollox in January and December 1910; his identity at South Shields in 1906 had been ambiguous. F.W.S. Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918 (London, 1974). The local Labour recommendation to abstain is in Harrow Gazette 13 December 1918. 6. Harrow Observer 29 November 1918. 7. Harrow Gazette 22 November 1918. 8. Harrow Gazette 20 December 1918. 9. Kenneth O. Morgan, Consensus and Disunity: The Lloyd George Coalition Government 1918–22 (Oxford, 1979). 10. McKibbin, Labour Party; David Marquand, Ramsay MacDonald (London, 1977), pp. 234–7 for MacDonald’s defeat in West Leicester. 11. Trevor Wilson, The Downfall of the Liberal Party, 1914–35 (London, 1966); Michael Bentley, The Liberal Mind, 1914–29 (Cambridge, 1977); Michael Hart, ‘The Decline of the Liberal Party in Parliament and in the Constituencies, 1914–1931’ (Oxford DPhil thesis, 1982). 12. Chris Wrigley, Lloyd George and the Challenge of Labour: The Post–War Coalition, 1918–1922 (Hemel Hempstead, 1990) Chapter 2. Notes to Chapter 1 215 13. Colin Coote, Editorial: The Memoirs of Colin Coote (London, 1965), pp. 102–3; G.R. Searle, Country Before Party. Coalition and the Idea of ‘National Government’ in Modern Britain 1885–1987 (London, 1995) pp. 117–20. 14. K.O. Morgan Consensus and Disunity, p. 130. 15. HC Deb Volume 132 Columns 2689–2723 (Allocation of Time), 2723–2808 (Second Reading), 2847–2964 (Committee and Third Reading), 5, 6 August 1920. 16. Charles Townshend, The British Campaign in Ireland 1919–21: The Development of Political and Military Policies (Oxford, 1979); Peter Hart, The IRA and Its Enemies: Violence and Community in Cork 1916–1923 (Oxford, 1998); D.M. Leeson, The Black and Tans. British Police and Auxiliaries in the Irish War of Independence (Oxford, 2012). 17. HC Deb Volume 133 Columns 1008–13, quotation at 1011. 18. Quotations HC Deb Volume 133 Columns 1008, 10–11. 19. 18 HC Deb Volume 135 Columns 487–601. Greenwood at Column 495, Mosley at Columns 518–23, quote at 523. 20. Harrow Gazette 15 October 1920. 21. Skidelsky, Oswald Mosley, p. 95; for Mosley’s advocacy of the League of Nations as essential to a stable international system see HC Deb Volume 125 Columns 339–41, 12 February 1920, Volume 130 Columns 1590–93, 17 June 1920. 22. Robert Cecil to H.H. Asquith 11 May 1922, Cecil of Chelwood Papers ADDMSS 51073, 16–29; for profile of Cecil see Martin Ceadel, ODNB Volume 10, pp. 721–4. Note also the comment of Lord Northcliffe, ‘One difficulty with Robert Cecil is his modesty and diffidence. Others are his lack of busi- ness–like habits and making speeches at times and places either unknown to the Press beforehand or difficult of access.’ Letter to H.W. Massingham 2 April 1922 Mosley Papers B/2/1. Also Morgan, Consensus and Disunity Chapter 8. 23. HC Deb Volume 133 Column 984, 20 October 1920. 24. Bottomley candidates were successful in by–elections at Dover, 12 January 1921, and twice at The Wrekin, 7 February and 20 November 1920. 25. Maurice Cowling, The Impact of Labour 1918–24: The Beginning of Modern British Politics (Cambridge, 1971), pp. 74–5; Harrow Gazette 21 January, 25 February 1921; for Bottomley ODNB Volume 8, pp. 768–70, and for Rothermere Volume 25, pp. 347–9. 26. Kenneth O. Morgan and Jane Morgan, Portrait of a Progressive: The Political Career of Christopher, Viscount Addison (Oxford, 1980) Chapters 5, 6. 27. Ewen Green, Ideologies of Conservatism. Conservative Political Ideas in the Twentieth Century (Oxford, 2002) Chapter 4. 28. Robert Cecil to Austen Chamberlain 20, 27 April 1921, cited Wrigley, Lloyd George and the Challenge of Labour, pp. 306–7. 29. Oswald Mosley to Robert Cecil 17 April 1921, Cecil of Chelwood Papers ADDMSS 51163, 4–5. 30. Robert Cecil to J.R. Clynes (copy) 11 June 1920, Cecil of Chelwood Papers ADDMSS 51162, 117. Cecil’s concern was to explore whether Labour would not run candidates against those Conservatives who took a strong line on the League of Nations. 31. Scott Diary, 9 August 1921 in Trevor Wilson (ed.), The Political Diaries of C.P. Scott 1911–28 (London, 1970) p. 400; Robert Cecil to Lord Grey 12 April 1921 (copy), Cecil of Chelwood Papers ADDMSS 51073, 79–81; Cowling, The Impact of Labour Chapters III, V; Michael Bentley ‘Liberal Politics and the Grey conspiracy of 1921’ Historical Journal 20 (1977) 461–78; Keith 216 Notes to Chapter 1 Robbins, Sir Edward Grey: A Biography of Lord Grey of Fallodon (London, 1971), pp. 355–8. 32. Robert Cecil to Lord Cowdray (copy), 9 July 1921, Cecil of Chelwood Papers ADMSS 51163 6–9. 33. Robert Cecil to J.A. Spender 30 August 1921 (copy), Spender response, 2 September 1921, Cecil of Chelwood Papers ADDMSS 51163, 12–14, 17–18. 34. Robbins, Sir Edward Grey, p. 358. 35. C.P. Scott to Robert Cecil, cited Skidelsky, Oswald Mosley, p. 112; Herbert Gladstone to Robert Cecil 18 November 1921 Mosley Papers OMN/B/2/1. 36. Robert Cecil to Reginald Berkeley (copy), 2 May 1922 Cecil of Chelwood Papers ADDMSS 51163, 80; Robert Cecil to H.H.
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