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Index

Aba Bakr b. Amıransh ah, Mırza 18–19, 35, AbuplQasim Babur b. Baysunghur, Mırza 61, 119–20, 124–25, 127, 157 102–03, 127, 150–51, 239, 241, 246, 252, Aba Bakr b. Muh. ammad Juki, Mırza 26, 115, 262–65, 267–73, 275, 280 247, 259, 260–61 relation to religious figures 234 Aba Bakr Khazin, kotwal 159–60 Abu Muslim (Khorasani, of Marw) 122, Abarquh 29, 32, 116, 123, 124, 125, 149, 152, 185, 220 156, 163, 249, 253, 256, 268 Abu Muslimnama 122 qAbbasid revolution 185, 189 Abu Nar Mishkan (Ghaznavid vizier) 68 qAbd al-qAzız b. Ulugh Beg, Mırza 246, 248, AbuSa qıd, Ilkhan (r. 1317–35) 101 265–66 AbuSa qıd, Sult.an (r. 1451–69) 55, 58, 61, 81, qAbd al-Khaliq b. Khudayd ad H. usaynı27 99, 100, 103, 120, 127, 191–93, 204, 215, qAbd Allah b. Ibrah ım Sult.an, Mırza 46, 47, 225, 246, 265, 267, 270, 275 115, 127, 246, 249, 256, 261, 265, 266–67, relation to religious figures 215 270, 275 AbuSa qıd b. Abıpl Khayr (shrine, qAbd Allah b. Muqawiyya, also shrine of Mayhana) 209, 239 185, 189 AbuSa qıd b. Qara Yusuf Qaraqoyunlu 42 qAbd Allah Lisan, Mawlan a 213 Afghanistan 40, 45 qAbd al-Lat.ıf b. Ulugh Beg 47, 246–47, 248, afrad 186 257, 269, 275 agriculture 85, 95, 169, 171, 194 in succession struggle 246, 263–68 promotion 116 qAbd al-Muqt.ı, shaykh 236 destruction 2, 263, 275 qAbd al-Qadiriyya Madrasa, see Yazd Ah. mad b. qUmar Shaykh, Mırza (d. 828/1435) qAbd al-Rah. man b. Ulugh Beg 267 23, 26, 29, 32 qAbd al-Rah. man, brother of Pırzad Ah. mad Chupan 255, 257 Bukhar ı 271 Ah. mad Dapud, vizier, see Kalar, Ah. mad Dapud qAbd al-Rah. man (nephew of Qad .ıImam Ah. mad Jalayir, Sult.an 101, 106 al-Dın Fad. l Allah) 257 Ah. mad-i Jam, Shaykh (Zhinda Pil; qAbd al-S. amad b. H. ajj ı Sayf al-Dın, emir d. 536/1141) 187, 224, 226–28, 235 (d. 835/1432) 22, 23, 24, 39, 45, 115, 254 Ah. mad Janb az Moghul, emir 261–62, 271 qAbd al-Wahhab b. Jalal al-Dın Ish. aq, see Ah. rar, Khwaja qUbayd Allah (d. 896/1490) 2, Samarqandı, qAbd al-Wahhab 73, 78, 189, 193, 195, 202, 203, 205, 215, abdal 183, 186 223, 229, 232, 233, 236–37 Abiward 230 Ahristan district, see Yazd Abıwardı family of Yazd 171, 175 akh ı 122 Abıwardı, H. ajjıS. adr al-Dın 172, 173–74 qAlap al-Dawla b. Baysunghur, Mırza (d. 865/ Abıwardı, Shams al-Dın 171 1460) 47, 48, 66, 92, 93, 99, 211, 213, 241, Abıwardı, Zayn al-Dın b. S. adr al-Dın 174 246–48, 251, 252, 256, 267, 269, 270 Abu Bakr, caliph 208, 212 qAlap al-Dın Bakhtishah 62 Abu Ish. aq b. Bab aH . ajj ı 134 qAlıb.AbuT . alib (shrine at Mazar-i Sharif) Abu Ish. aq Inju (r.1343–57) 101, 154 192, 209 Abupl Khayr Khan Uzbek (r. 1429–68) qAlı b. Kamal al-Dın b. Qawam al-Dın Mar 45, 267 qashı, Sayyid (Sayyid qAlıSar ı) 137–41

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Index 297

qAlı b. Qawam al-Dın Marqashı, Sayyid At.har al-wuzarap of Sayf al-Dın H. ajj ı b. Niz. am (qAlı Amul ı) 139–40 qUqaylı 68–69 qAlıIs.fahan ı 147 qAtıq Allah 108 qAlı Muh. ammadshah 83 qAttar, qAlap al-Dın, shaykh (d. 802/ qAlıS. afı 129 1399–1400) 64, 203, 205, 218, 234, 237 qAlı Tarkhan b. Ghiyath al-Dın Tarkhan, emir qAttar, Khwaja H. asan b. qAlap al-Dın, shaykh 22, 38–39, 44, 98 (d. 826/1423) 193, 237 qAlıka Kukeltash b. Aduk, emir (d. 844/1440) Awba 70, 125, 182 36, 39, 46–47, 60, 66–67, 82, 85, 92, 102, Awbahı, Jalal al-Dın Yusuf 58–59, 204, 215, 115, 116, 212 216–17, 233 madrasa, see Herat awbash 47, 97, 155 relations with religious classes 59, 221 Awghan 127 amır (title) 70 qayan-am ır system 3–4, 117, 147, 280 amır al-umarap 81–82, 131 qayyar , qayyar un 121, 122 amır dıwan 23, 36, 39, 43, 44, 45, 81–82 Azarbaijan 14, 18–19, 29, 34–35, 52, 54, 124, Amır Baraka 115, 243 131, 141, 156, 160, 164, 177, 251, 252, 274 Amır Jaqfar b. Mans.ur, s.ah. ib dıwan 105 first campaign 37, 40, 42, 43, 102, 123, Amır Nas.ir al-Dın Qurpaysh 270 125, 130 Amır Shah ı 83, 175 second campaign 44, 83, 134, 142–43 Amır Zayn al-qAbidın Mır-i Mıran, third campaign 46, 53, 60, 134, 143 sayyid 272 qAzız Allah, see Jam ı, qAzız Allah Amırak Ahmad, see Ahmad b. qUmar Shaykh . . Amıransh ah b. Temur¨ (d. 810/1408) 17, 18–19, Bab a Akhı, see Jami, Bab a Akhı 34, 119, 226 Bab aH . ajj ı b. Shaykh H. ajj ı Muh. ammad qIraq ı descendants of 14, 17, 24, 30, 132, 156, 177, 133–34 225, 265 Bab a Masqud, nephew of Amır qAlıka 212 amır-i tumen¨ 81, 125 Badakhshan 25, 36, 39, 108, 113, 281 Amul 138–41 Badghis 127, 183, 194, 232 Anar, Malik Shams al-Dın Muh. ammad 96 Baghdad 8, 101, 185, 229, 230, 250, 252 Anatolia 7, 9 Baghlan 22, 43, 114, 260 Andijan 24, 26, 33, 47 Bahram ı family of Simnan 102, 103–04 Andkhud 28, 38, 95, 114, 115, 261 Bahramsh ah, relative of Jalal Islam 107 Ando, Shiro 214 Bakharz 65, 69, 106, 108, 224 Anıs al-t.alib ın wa quddat al-salik ın,ofS. ala Bakharz ı, Sayf al-Dın, Shaykh 74 al-Dın Mubarak Bukhar ı76 Bal ıcha family of Simnan 90, 102–03, 104 Ans.ar ı, qAbd Allah, shaykh (d. 481/1089) 208 Bal ıcha Simnan ı, Jalal al-Dın Mah. mud 102 shrine 219–20 Bal ıcha Simnan ı, Mu` izz al-Dın Malik H. usayn Aqqoyunlu 35, 242 (d. 847/1433) 86, 103, 104, 249, 250 Aqtemur¨ 22 Bal ıcha Simnan ı, Niz. am al-Dın Ah. mad b. Arab (tribes in Iran) 126–27, 145, 242 Jalal al-Dın Mah. mud 102 arbaqın (see also chilla) 199 Bal ıcha Simnan ı, Shams al-Dın qAlı b. Jalal Ardabil 131–32, 231 al-Dın Mah. mud 88, 102 Ardabılı, S. adr al-Dın, shaykh 228, 230, 231 Bal ıcha Simnan ı, Sharaf al-Dın qAlı b. Jalal Ardistan 256 al-Dın Mah. mud 90, 105 Arghunshah, emir 36, 62 Bal ıcha Simnan ı, Wajıh al-Dın Ismaqıl b. Jalal Arghun tribe 265 al-Dın Mah. mud 102, 105 Arhang 247, 259 Balkh 20, 26, 92–93, 114, 116, 192, 248, 260, Arlat tribe 38, 269 265, 266, 270 artisans 2, 10, 118, 119, 122, 123, 263, 282 governance 26, 33 Arzinjan 133 religious classes and activity 61 Ashpara 83 Baluch 126, 127 ashraf , see sayyids Bam 149 As.ıl Beg, Amır 161 Banu Tamım, tribe 148, 151 As.ıl al-Dın qAbd Allah Waqiz., sayyid (d. 883/ Barab ad 96 1478–79) 70–71 baraka 183–84 Astarabad 36, 55, 138, 141, 259, 261, 268, 270 Baraka, Amır, see Amır Baraka Astarab ad ı, Fad. l Allah 188, 254 Baram an madrasa, see Herat qAtap Allah Shıraz ı, vizier 267 Baraq of Blue Horde 42, 121, 135

298 Index

Barlas tribe 41, 43, 52, 115, 260, 265, 266 Calicut 191 Barmakids 106, 108 caliphate 8, 156, 190 Barsın 127 cathedral mosque or Friday mosque, Barzishab ad ı, Sayyid qAbd Allah 240 see individual cities Bashir, Shahzad 240 Central Asia 4, 5, 7, 8, 47, 49, 73 Bas.ır, Nur al-Dın, shaykh 193 Chaghadai, son of Chinggis Khan 8 Baward ı, Khwaja Zayn al-Dın qAlı 151 Chaghadayid dynasty, see eastern Baydu Arlat 46 Chaghadayid khanate Bayqarab. qUmar Shaykh, Mırza (d. 826/1423) Chaghatay, ethnic group 8, 15, 22, 36, 59, 29, 31–32, 44, 134, 156, 163–64 111, 114, 117, 119, 120, 123, 134, 140, Baysunghur b. Shahrukh, Mırza (d. 837/1423) 159, 206, 241 33, 35, 37, 40, 46, 81, 83, 87, 91–92, Chaharmin ar district, see Yazd 98, 102, 114, 127, 134, 212, 213, 246, Chaharshanba, emir 36 251, 252 Chakir, emir 131 his dıwan 102 Chakirlu lineage 131–33, 135 governorship 32, 113, 252 Cham-i Taft, see Yazd patronage 32, 41, 65–65, 105 Chaqmaq Sham ı, Jalal al-Dın, emir 32, 39, sons of 263, 267 53, 103, 116, 171, 175, 250, 253, 256, bazaar 47, 118, 120, 121, 122–23, 143, 154, 163, 259, 261, 271, 273 171, 194, 205 building activity, see also Yazd 37 Bedouin 126 cultural patronage 168–72 Berkey, Jonathan 217 origins 37 BıbıFat.ima, wife of Amır Chaqmaq Chaqmaq, Sult.an, Mamluk (r. 842–57/ 168–69, 172 1438–53) 191 Bıbı Satirkuh, see Bıbı Sitti Chashma-i Ayub, see Bukhara Bıbı Sitti, mosque of 122, 220, 244 Cheku¨ Barlas, emir (d. 785–86/1383–84), Birdi Beg, emir, brother of Shaykh family of 32, 43, 82, 114, 133, 260 Nur al-Dın 21 cherik 123, 256 Birjandı, Shihab al-Dın Ah. mad, shaykh chilla 199, 229, 235 (d. 856–57/1452–53) 218, 227 China 9, 11, 16, 38 Bist.am b. Chakir, emir 32, 131–33 Chinggis Khan 7, 8, 9, 14, 41, 209 Bist.am, city 71, 220, 251, 259, 263 Chinggisid family 8, 9, 10, 17, 42, 52, 138, 266 Bist.am ı, Shihab al-Dın b. Rukn al-Dın 218 marriage into 9, 10, 17, 26, 27 Bist.am ı, Shihab al-Dın (d. 807/1404–05) 74, 218 Chisht 108 blessing, see baraka Chishtı, qAlap al-Dın qAlı , shaykh 201, 223 Blue Horde (also called White Horde) 24, 135 Chishtiyya 74, 198, 223 BuSa qıd Mırum b. Ilyas Khwaja, emir 143–44 cities 6 bughra (food) 203 building activity by notables 151, 168 Buhlul Barlas, Amır 33 city patrol 118, 121 Bukhara 27, 127, 182, 183, 189, 205, 264 defense 76, 111–12, 119, 120, 122–23, 130, 146, Chashma-i Ayub 182 150–51, 152, 153–65, 261, 263, 271–73 city notables 267 government 2, 268, 273 family of H. afiz .-i Kabır 184 notables 6, 54, 76, 83–84, 111–12, 117–119, graves 184–85 123, 146–51, 165, 267, 268, 272, 273, Hawd. -i Muqaddam 184 274–75, 277, 279, 281 religious classes and activity 55, 74, 75–76 rebellions 124, 162 Bukhar ı, Khwand Sayyid Ajall 61 commercial structures 169 al-Bukhar ı, Muh. ammad 210 commercial activity 83, 136, 172 Bundarab ad, see Yazd currency (value) 85, 87, 94, 261 burial of emirs 189, 220, 221 Dahuk Safalı quarter, see Yazd of ruler and dynasty 28, 189, 220, 263 Damascus 216 of S. uf ıs 189, 230, 235 Damavand (mountain) 136 of ulama 220 Damghan 220, 258, 268 Burujird 134 Damgh an ı, Pır H. usayn vizier 148 Buzj an 197 Daniel (Prophet) 188 Buzj an ı, Darwısh qAlı (d. 929/1522–23) 193, Dar abjird 152, 158, 160 197, 222, 224 Dar al-Fath. , see Yazd

Index 299

Darguzın 124 local attachments 116–17, 146, 165 darughas 29, 130, 163, 169, 170, 171, 258, 259, relations with religious classes 175, 194, 271, 272 205–07, 221 darwısh 136, 137–42, 171, 179, 196, 197, 263, 269 Darwısh qAlıMırak b. Yusuf Khwaja, emir Fad. l al-Dın Ah. mad 224 130, 272 Fad. l Allah, Sayyid (Marqashı) 121 Darwıshab ad 229, 230, 278 Fakhr al-Dın Ah. mad, Sayyid, vizier Dastur al-wuzarap of Khwandam ır 66, 68, 85, 89 (d. 820/1417) 66, 69, 83, 84, 85, 88, 91–92, Dapud Khit.at.ay 126 97, 98, 106, 107, 109, 118, 148 Dawlatshah, see Samarqandı, Dawlatshah b. famine 164, 186 qAlap al-Dawla Bakhtishah Farah 123, 182, 233 Daylaman 142, 143 Farahı, H. ajj ı Muh. ammad 57, 230 Delhi 17, 93 Farahı, Muh. ammadshah, shaykh 233 Delhi Sultanate 7, 10, 11, 33 Farayid-i Ghiyath ı of Yusuf Ahl 194, 211, 225 DeWeese, Devin 240 Farıd al-Dın qAbd al-Baq ı, shaykh 160 dhikr 199 Faris ı, Saqd al-Dın 216, 218 silent 229 al-Faris ı, Shams al-Dın qAlı 218 vocal ( jahrı) 229, 233, 235 Farmanshaykh, emir 36, 39, 46 Digby, Simon 192 Farrukhshah 160 dıwan 12, 39, 40, 44, 46, 47, 48, 52, 62, 65–66, 78, Fars 18, 23, 24, 47, 96, 106, 123, 126, 151–67, 79–110, 148, 248–49, 255, 257, 260, 277 249–50, 251, 255–56, 259–60, 262, 271, dıwan-i aqlap 80, 102, 260, 261 273, 274 dıwan-i khassa 80 dıwan 103, 249 dıwan-i lashgar 80–81 emirs 161, 249–50, 265, 266, 275 dıwan-i lashgar wa tovachigarı 80 governorship 18, 26, 29–32, 40, 46, 114, 163 dıwan-i mal 80 historiography 41, 52 dıwan-turk 80 regional armies 124, 125, 157, 261 dıwanbeki 83 Shahrukh’s campaigns against 36, 39, 43, dıwans of emirs 115 115, 130, 132, 147, 149 provincial 37, 82, 147, 150, 154, 279, 280, Faryumad 94 see also individual cities Fas.ıh. al-Dın Muh. ammad (d. 837/1433–34) wrongdoing 47, 48, 83, 85, 87, 90, 92, 93, 84, 225 248–49 Fas.ıh. Khwaf ı, see Khwaf ı D. iyap al-Dın Muh. ammad b. qImad al-Dın Fas.l al-khit.ab li was.l al-ah. bab of Muh. ammad vizier 148, 174 Pars a77 Diyar Bakr 35 Fath. ab ad canal, see Herat Dizful 158 Fath. ab ad (near Bukhara) 189 Dizfulı, Shaykh qAlı 147, 152 Fat.ima Khatun see BıbıFat.ima dreams 180, 186–88, 193, 201–02, 236, 237, Fazariyya, see Shiraz 240, 241 Ferghana Valley 26 for dynastic legitimation 187, 190–91 Firuzkuh 23, 141, 252, 253 interpretation 230, 234 Fıruzsh ah (Jalal al-Dın) b. Arghunshah, emir of the Prophet 201–02 (d. 848/1444–45) 36, 39, 46, 48, 67, 82, Dudanga, see Is.fahan 116, 141, 204, 206, 247–49, 251, 254 building activity 221 eastern Chaghadayid khanate 10, 24–25, 26, in dıwan 47, 48, 90, 92–93 27, 46, 47 historiography on 59–60, 62 Edigu¨ Barlas, emir 22 relations with religious classes 59–60, 116, Egypt 8, 58, 60, 116, 156, 227, 229, 231 221, 226, 233–34 emirs 3, 45, 116, 248–49, 265–67, 271, 274–75 relatives 115, 168, 206, 221, 233, 251, 253 emirs, Turco-Mongolian 13–15, 35, 36, 50, 52, fityan 121 79–83, 85, 92, 103, 113–15, 119, 141, 142, futuwwa 121–22, 203, 220 147, 160, 162, 163, 175–76, 251, 260–61, 268 Ganduman 152, 158–63 architectural patronage 44, 65, 116, 123, Garmsir 40, 123 167, 169, 206, 221 Gawharshad 22, 29, 38–39, 43–44, 67, 87, 156, involvement in dıwan 109 216, 260, 261, 262, 264–65, 268, 269 land holdings 113–15 building 216, 217, 220, 221

300 Index

Gawharshad (cont.) H. afiz . Razi, see Razi, Ghiyath al-Dın political activity 13, 47, 48, 216, 219–20, Muh. ammad H. afiz . 246–47, 257 H. afiz .-i Abru 27, 28, 33, 34, 41–42, 51–52, 56, relatives, see Ghiyath al-Dın Tarkhan 57, 59, 60, 96, 126, 133, 139, 140, 157, 158, Gawrud 259 163, 196 Gayumarth b. Bısutun Rustamdar ı, Malik H. ajj ı Beg 38 136, 139, 141–43, 144, 250–51, 252, 253, H. ajj ıH. usayn b. Bab aH . ajj ı b. Shaykh H. ajj ı 268 Muh. ammad qIraq ı 134–35, 143, 253 Gazurgah, see Herat H. ajj ı Muh. ammad b. Ghunashirin, emir 32, 46, Georgia 35 256, 259, 261, 269–70, 275 gharıb, gharıban 186 H. ajjı Sayf al-Dın, emir 21 al-Ghazal ı, Muh. ammad 208 H. ajj ıYusuf Jalıl, emir 47 Ghazan Khan (Ilkhan, r. 1295–1304) 28, 34, 209 h. akim (pl. hukkam ) 76, 108 Ghazna 123, 259 al-Hallaj, Jalal al-DınYusuf (d. 823/1420) Ghiyath al-Dın Kart, Malik 97 216–17 Ghiyath al-Dın Alı al-H. usaynı, sayyid 173 Hamadan 29, 31, 32, 54, 57, 124, 130, 132, Ghiyath al-Dın Ghur ı, Sult.an (mausoleum) 189 134–35, 143, 156, 177, 252, 253, 256, 259, Ghiyath al-Dın, qad.ı 104 262, 271 Ghiyath al-Dın Kamal al-Dın b.Qawam Hamadan ı, Sayyid qAlı (714/1314–786/1385) al-Dın Marqashı, Sayyid 138, 139 122, 240, 243 Ghiyath al-Dın Muh. ammad Sayyidzada, H. amza b. Ghiyath al-Dın Tarkhan, emir Amır, shaykh 194, 232 (d. 819/1416) 38–39, 44 Ghiyath al-Dın Tarkhan 38, 99 H. amza Chuhra 151, 172, 250 relatives of 38, 43–44, 65, 67, 82, 258, 261 H. amza Suldus, emir 27 Ghiyath Sayyidzada, langar of 221 H. anafı madhhab 220, 230, 239 Ghunashirin, emir (d. 840/1436) 37, 39, 46, H. anbalı madhhab 219, 221 103, 270 al-Harawı, Abupl Walıd Ah. mad 220 Ghur 127, 268 H. asan Jand ar, emir 22, 24, 45 Gilan 54, 58, 134, 136, 142, 145, 241, 250–53, H. asan S. uf ı Tarkhan b. Ghiyath al-Dın 280, 281 Tarkhan, emir (d. 827/1424) 22, 38–39, Gılan ıorTul an ı, Pır Taj 231 43–44 Golden Horde 10, 42, 119 h. asham 127 governors 2, 25–26, 52, 153, 271 Hazar Jarıb 136, 139, 142 governors of cities 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30, 32, 34, Hazara 33 43, 107, 108, 111, 117, 119, 123, 130, 132, heads of quarters 83–84, 118, 119, 124, 150, 159, 134, 138, 139, 151, 155, 156, 158, 252, 253, 161–62, 165, 255, 272, see also rapis; kulup 272, 281 Herat 25, 32, 33, 36, 40, 60, 81, 141–42, 147, building 151 149, 171, 242, 247, 252, 255, 257, 281, 282 cultural patronage 32, 37 Baram an madrasa 218 governors of provinces 23, 29–33, 37, 40, 41, bazaar 220, 232 42, 45, 47, 113, 115, 130, 131–35, 142, 151, building in 28, 116, 169 194, 246, 247, 252, 254, 265, 270, 279 cathedral mosque 42, 59, 202, 205, 217, 218, cultural and architectural patronage 116, 221, 222, 229, 233 150, 155 city defense 263, 264, 270 relation with ulama 174–75 city notables 261, 263, 269 graveyards, grave visitation 55–56, 71, 171, Gawharshad’s complex 70, 217–18, 258 179–86 Gazurg ah 71, 219–20 Gudara 229 governance 40, 46, 106 Gurgan 32, 127 Herat ıs 106, 118, 148, 182, 264, 269, 270, 275 Gurgın Lar ı 153, 158 historiography 54, 55, 56, 64, 70–71, 96–97, Gush Burıda, sayyid, see Khwarazm ı, H. asan 127, 188 Gush Burıda holy places 185, 189 qIdgah 85, 230 H. abıb al-siyar fı akhbar afrad bashar of Ikhtiyar al-Dın fortress 46, 67, 121, 126, Khwandam ır 54, 61, 81, 196, 233, 272 249, 264 h. adıth 55, 58, 76–77, 166, 182, 188, 211, 215, madrasa of qAlıka Kukeltash 218 217, 220, 233, 238, 239 madrasa of Khwaja qAlı Fakhr al-Dın 227 H. afiz . Ghiyath al-Dın 233 Madrasa-i Ghiyathiyya 205, 216, 218

Index 301

plague 46, 191, 230, 233, 234 Ilkhanate 8, 34, 94, 100–01, 104–05, 129, 131, qad.ı of 212, 219 224–25 religious classes 96, 204, 208, 210–19 Ilyas Khwaja b. Shaykh qAlı Bahadur, emir Shahrukh’s khanaq ah 58, 59, 74, 216, 223 (d. 838/1434–35) 32, 39, 41, 45, 113, 114, Shahrukh’s madrasa 58, 59, 204, 216–17 123, 126, 132, 142 in succession struggle after Shahrukh’s qImad fortress 263, 268 death 119, 120, 239, 258, 260, 262–65, qImad al-Dın Mah. mud b. Zayn al-qAbidın 268–70, 275 Junab ad ı, sayyid 92, 93, 107 Sufi shaykhs 59, 74, 201, 218, 222, 228–36, qImad al-Dın Masqud, Khwaja, vizier 148, 151, 240, 241, 242, 244, 277–78 173–74, 273 during Temur’s¨ reign 83, 84 qImad al-Dın Mut.ahhar Kar ızı, Mawlan a 121 ulama 58, 61, 108, 122, 208, 232 imam (prayer leader) 57, 174, 217, 218 Herat-r ud 182, 192 Shiqite 209, 221 Hilla 242 Imam al-Dın Fad. l Allah, qad.ı 257 al-Hillı, Ah. mad b. Fahd (d. 841/1437–38) 242 Imam Rid. a, mausoleum at Mashhad 208, Hinduka, emir 141, 259, 268 220–21 Hisar-i Shadman 21, 27, 267 Imam ı, Jalal al-Dın Mah. mud, qad.ı 212 H. is.arı, Mah. mud 236 burial 220 history, history writing 10, 11, 13, 17, 23, 28, Imam ı, Qut.b al-Dın qAbd Allah b. Jalal al-Dın 31, 33, 41–42, 49–78, 215 Mah. mud, qad ı 212 Hodgson, Marshall G. S. 3–4 Imam ı, Qut.b al-Dın Ah. mad, qad.ı 212, 263 Holod, Renata 170 Imam ı, S. adr al-Dın Muh. ammad b. Qut.b Hormuz 54, 58, 103, 113, 281 al-Dın qAbd Allah 212 Hourani, Albert 3–4 Imamzada qAli b. H. amza b. Mus aK az.im H. urufiyya 42, 188, 233, 241, 243, 254 (tomb of) 167 Husam al-Dın Khwaja Yusuf 76 Imamzada-i Maqsum mausoleum, Yazd 172, 185 . H. usayn Asghar b. Zayn al-qAbidın 101 India 57, 58, 74, 86, 191, 201 H. usayn Qarapunas, Amır 76 Injuyid dynasty (1313–57 A.D.) 104, 154–55 H. usayn Sharbatdar, see Sharbatdar, H. usayn intoxicants 28, 47, 90, 211–12, 252, 264 H. usayn S. uf ı b. Ghiyath al-Dın Tarkhan, emir Iran 4–9, 49, 261, 280 38, 44 Iran, eastern 55, 64, 69–71, 73, 95, 108 H. usayn T. arum ı, Iranian emir, see T. arum ı, Iran, northern 39, 53, 95, 112, 250–53, 262, 274 H. usayn Iran, south and central 41, 59, 146–76, 242, al-H. usaynı, S. adr al-Dın Yunus, sayyid 61 271–74, 279–80 Huwayza 250 city notables 154–55 governorships 14, 156, 166–76 Ibn qArabı 210, 217, 231, 235, 237, 238 historiography 52–53, 54, 55, 56 Ibn qArabshah, Ah. mad 77 power struggle after Temur’s¨ death 29–32 Ibn Bat.t.ut.a 185 Iran, western 34–35, 59, 245 Ibn al-Jazarı, see al-Jazarı Iranian landed elite 3, 68, 69, 78, 94, 120, 124, Ibn Taymiyya 210 126, 128, 144, 147–51, 213, 279 Ibrah ım b. qAlap al-Dawla, Mırza 102, 264 Iraq 8, 19, 29, 106, 153, 160, 164, 248, 249, 252, Ibrah ım b. Eyegu¨ Temur,¨ emir 266 255, 256, 259, 261, 270, 271, 274 Ibrah ım (Sult.an) b. Jahanshah b. Cheku,¨ emir Iraqis 163 (d. c. 833/1429–30) 39, 43, 114, 115 regional armies 97, 127 Ibrah ım Sult.an b. Shahmalik, emir 194, 206 Iraq-i qAjam 23, 129, 131, 133, 139, 143, Ibrah ım Sult.an b. Shahrukh, Mırza (d. 838/ 161, 255 1435) 24, 26, 33, 40, 41, 46, 56, 135, 148, Isfahan 52, 55, 116, 127, 146, 148–52, 164, 149–50, 163–64, 216, 280 166–69, 216, 248, 249, 250, 252, 274 building activities 170 building in 161, 167, 175–77 cultural and artistic patronage 167 cathedral mosque 168 Ichil b. Amıransh ah, Mırza25 dıwan 150, 161, 255 Idwan 85 Dudanga 160 ijaza 58, 64, 77, 211, 215, 229, 230, 234, 236, 237 governance 29–32, 43, 45, 47, 55, 114, 115, al-Ijı, qAd. ud al-Dın qAbd al-Rah. man 157, 161, 255 (d. 756/1355) 215 Is.fahan ıs 30, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 246, Ikhtiyar al-Dın fortress, see Herat 259, 271–73 Ilangir b. Aba Bakr b. Amıransh ah 24 Naqsh-i Jahan citadel 161, 167

302 Index

Isfahan (cont.) Jalal al-Dın Ish. aq, father of qAbd al-Razzaq political structure 118–19, 120–21, Samarqandı, see Samarqandı 124–25, 130 Jalal al-Dın Lut.f Allah, s.adr regional armies 123, 157, 158, 168, 256 (d. 842/1438–39) 213 religious personnel and activity 168, 241, 255 Jalal al-Dın Muh. ammad 97, 262, 268, 273 and Sult.an Muh. ammad 254–57, 259, 261, 271 Jalal al-Dın Mukhlis., vizier 101 Tal ar-i Tımur ı 168 Jalal al-Dın Murshid, vizier 151, 273 Isfand b. Qara Yusuf Qaraqoyunlu 35 Jalal Islam 69, 106–07, 126 Isfarz 125 Jalal ı fortress, see Shiraz Isfizar 126, 130, 182 Jalayir tribe 153, 156 Isfizar ı, Muqın al-Dın Zamchı 62, 68, 107, 108, Jalayirid dynasty (1336–1432) 18, 19, 29 120, 182, 194, 196, 230 Jam 70, 90, 116, 224, 242, 248, 258, 260 Ish. aq Khuttalan ı 41, 240, 243 Jam, shaykhs of 108, 193, 197, 199–200, Iskandar b. Qara Yusuf Qaraqoyunlu 35, 41, 210–11, 222, 224–28 42, 45 relations with Timurids 224–26, 243–44 sons of 256 Jam, shrine of 194, 206, 209, 221, 222–23, Iskandar b. qUmar Shaykh, Mırza (d. 818/ 224–28, 278 1415) 29, 32, 39, 53, 121, 124, 127, 129–30, administration 224–26 147, 148–50, 152, 158, 171, 177, 216, 280 Jam ı, Abupl Fath. b. Shihab al-Dın Abupl building activities 31, 104, 170, 175 Makarim 225 character 13, 164 Jam ı, Ah. mad, shaykh, see Ah. mad-i Jam patronage 30–31, 41, 56, 63, 166–68, 179 Jam ı, qAlap al-Dın AbuplMaqal ı qAlap rise to power and defeat 131, 133, 164 al-Mulk 225 Islamic law, see sharıqa Jam ı, qAzız Allah (d. 902/1496–97) 197, 226 Ismaqıl S. uf ı b. Sayyid Ah. mad Tarkhan, Jam ı, Bab a Akhı Mah. mud 194 emir 114 Jam ı, Burhan al-Dın Nas.rb.Ah. mad 224 Ismaqıl S. uf ı Tarkhan b. Amır Sayyidi, emir 260 Jam ı, Diyap al-Dın Yusuf (d. 797/1394–95) Ismaqıl S. uf ı, shaykh (shrine of) 219 224–25 qIzz al-Dın, Malik 125 Jam ı, Jalal al-Dın b. Rad.ı al-Dın Ah. mad b. Jalal al-Dın 225 Jaqfar al-S. adiq 185 Jam ı, Jalal al-Dın Yusuf b. Shams al-Dın Jaqfarı, Jaqfar b. Muh. ammad al-H. usaynı Muh. ammad 211 33, 53, 245 Jam ı, Muqın al-Dın, vizier 224 Jaghara 233 Jam ı, Murshid al-Dın qAbd al-qAzız 225 Jaghara pı, Bahap al-Dın qUmar, shaykh (d. 857/ Jam ı, Nur al-Dın qAbd al-Rah. man (d. 898/1492) 1453) 59, 61, 64, 196, 205, 206, 222, 226, 64, 73, 204, 217, 222, 232 228, 233–35, 237, 251, 269, 270, 278–79 Jam ı, Qut.b al-Dın Muh. ammad b. Shams mausoleum of 234 al-Dın Mut.ahhar 224 relations with emirs and dynasty 59–60, 61, Jam ı, Rad.ı al-Dın Ah. mad b. Jalal al-Dın 225 221, 278 Jam ı, Shihab al-Dın (d. 736/1335–36 or 738/ Jaghara pı, Nur al-Dın Muh. ammad b. Bahap 1337–38) 224 al-Dın qUmar 61, 71, 234 Jam ı, Shihab al-Dın Abupl Makarim 193, 222, Jahan b. Uch Qara 24 225–27, 235, 278 Jahang ır b. Temur¨ 16, 17 Jam ı, Shihab al-Dın qUmar b. Muqın al-Dın Jahang ır b. Temur,¨ line of 14, 20, 24, 25, 26, 114 225, 226 Jahanmalik b. Malikat, emir 22, 24 Jami qal-tawar ıkh-i H. asanı of Taj al-Dın H. asan Jahansh ah b. Cheku¨ Barlas, emir 133–34 b. Shihab Yazdi 37, 53, 124, 245 Jahansh ah b. Qara Yusuf Qaraqoyunlu 34, 45, Jami qal-tawar ıkh of Rashıd al-Dın 33, 41 119, 212, 219, 259, 262, 271, 274, 280 al-Jazarı, Shams al-Dın Abupl Muh. ammad al-Jajarm ı, Shams al-Dın Muh. ammad (d. 864/ (d. 833/1429) 10, 58, 64, 77, 166, 168, 211, 1459–60) 216, 217 216, 239, 243, 249 Jalal al-Dın qAbd al-Ghaffar, see Samarqandı, Jerusalem 229 Jalal al-Dın qAbd al-Ghaffar Jezhd 96 Jalal al-Dın qAbd al-Rah.ım b. qAbd Allah jirga 103 Lisan, s.adr 213–14, 219 Jiruft 149 Jalal al-Dın Bayaz ıd, emir 263 Jochi, son of Chinggis Khan 8, 9, 28 Jalal al-Dın b. Rustam b.qUmar Shaykh, judge, see qad.ı Mırza47 Junab ad 95, 107

Index 303

Junab ad ı, Zayn al-qAbid ın, Sayyid 66–67, 83, khan 7, 20, 21, 266 85, 86, 92, 107 khanaq ah 11, 28, 204, 224, 225 Jurjan ı, Sayyid qAlı (Sayyid-i Sharıf) (d. 816/ Khanz ada 16, 17, 220 1413) 10, 30, 63–64, 149, 155, 166, 204, Khara 127 215, 218, 243 Kharjird 96, 100 Jurjan ı, Shams al-Dın Muh. ammad b. qAli, Kharjird-i Jam 227 Sayyid 166, 215 Khawand T. ahur, grave of 190 Jurmapı 127 Khid. r (Prophet) 189 Juwaynı, qAtap al-Malik, descendants of 94 Khid. r Khan, Delhi Sultan (r. 817/1414 to 824/1421) 33 Kabul 14, 17, 24, 26, 33, 40, 42, 54, 123, 259, 269 Khid. rshah, Amır Jalal al-Dın, sayyid 151, kadkhuda 118, 144 172, 173 Kal ar, Niz.am al-Dın Ah. mad b. Dapud, vizier Khid. rshah, Amır Shams al-Dın, sayyid 172, 173 87, 88, 89, 98, 106 Khid. rshah, Qut.b al-Dın b. Shams al-Dın Kalat 185 Muh. ammad 173 Kamal al-Dın Shaykh H. usayn of Khwaf Khitay Bahadur 22 120, 204 Khiyaban ı, Shihab al-Dın, see Bist.am ı karam at 191, 194 Khorasan 14, 17, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 32, 35, graves 71, 183–86, 220–21 38, 40, 43, 46, 84, 94, 97, 101, 123, 127, rulers 60, 191 134, 150, 164, 185, 261, 262, 269, 273, shaykhs 59, 193, 199, 200, 202, 226, 228, 236 274, 275 Karizı, Mawlan a qImad al-Dın Mut.ahhar 263 armies 126 Kar-Kiy aAh . mad (of Ranikuh) 143–44, 145 historiography 52–53, 56 Kar-Kiy aN as.ir (of Larijan) 143–44, 253 landed families 58 Kar-Kiy apı sayyids 53, 136, 142–44, 280 religious classes 209–19 Kartid dynasty 68, 96–97, 105, 108, 121, 196, after Shahrukh’s death 258, 262–65 208, 212, 213, 219, 220, 224, 226 S. uf ı shaykhs 74, 222–38 Kashan 32, 114, 123, 126, 132, 252, 256 Khorezm (province) 9, 28, 39, 138, 239 Kashghar 26, 41, 46 Khorezm (city) 36, 45, 116, 119 Kashgharı, Saqd al-Dın, Shaykh 71, 201, 205, Khudayd ad, emir 21, 24–25 226–27, 228–30, 234–35, 237 Khujand 38 Kashif ı, H. usayn Waqiz. (d. 910/1504–05) 73, 122 Khujandı, Kamal, shaykh 229, 231, 238 Katib, Ah. mad b. H. usayn b. qAlı 53, 245 Khurramabad 253 Kerman 19, 53, 86, 111, 120, 123, 127, 147, Khusraw Tarkhan 39 152, 155, 241, 256, 259, 261, 268, 269, 270, khu.tba 33, 130, 241, 259, 271 271, 273 Khuttalan 26, 41, 115, 127, 240, 241, 247, 259, dıwan 98, 113, 148 260, 265 governorship 22, 37, 39, 46 Khuttalan ı, Ish. aq, see Ish. aq Khuttalani Shahrukh’s campaign 32, 36, 39, 124, 125 Khuzistan 41, 54, 112, 152–53, 158, 164, 250 and sons of qUmar Shaykh 18, 29, 30, 157, 159 Khwaf 57, 65, 68, 95, 105, 108, 120, 204, 229 Khabushan 260 ulama from 99 khaghan 8, 10 viziers from 65, 68, 95–100, 105, 108, 110 Khalaj 126, 152, 262 Khwaf ı, Ah. mad b. Jalal al-Dın Fas.ıh. 58, 60, Khalidov, A. B. 216 67, 74, 81, 85, 86, 87, 88–89, 91, 103, 139, khalıfa (S. uf ı ) 201, 227, 231, 278 191, 213, 246, 277 Khalıl Allah b. Shaykh Ibrah ım, ruler career 64–71, 78, 97–100, 108, 223 of Shirwan 35 family 86, 96, 148, 162 Khalıl Sult.an b. Amıransh ah, Mırza 17, Khwaf ı, Amır Mubarak b. Sharaf al-Dın 20–21, 24–25, 27, 28, 36, 37, 38, 75, 84, H. ajj ı 108 101, 139 Khwaf ı, Fad. l Allah Khalıl Sult.an b. Muh. ammad Jahang ır, Mırza Khwaf ı, Ghiyath al-Dın Pır Ah. mad b. Jalal 269, 273 al-Dın Ish. aq, vizier 66, 67, 70, 85, 88, 89, Khalkhal 132 92, 93, 98–100, 102, 109, 194, 206, 230, Khalwatı, qAbd al-Rah.ım 231 248, 255, 269, 277–78 Khalwatı, Muh. ammad (or Mah. mud) 226 Khwaf ı, qImad al-Dın Muh. ammad b. Niz.am Khalwatı, Z. ahır al-Dın, shaykh (d. 800/ al-Dın Yahya (d. 817/1414–15) 97 1397–98) 199, 228 Khwaf ı, qIs.am al-Dın Dapud 204 Khalwatiyya 74, 226–28, 232 Khwaf ı, qIsmapıl 99

304 Index

Khwaf ı, Jalal al-Dın Ish. aq b. Majd al-Dın Khwarazmsh ahs 95–96, 100, 104, 108 Muh. ammad 98 Kirman ı, qAbd al-Razzaq 237 Khwaf ı, Jalal al-Dın Muh. ammad b. Majd Kirmanı, Shah Niz. am 169, 170 al-Dın Muh. ammad 100 kotwal 46, 47, 67, 107, 121, 126, 159, 212, 270 Khwaf ı, Majd al-Dın (alive in 908/1502–03) 100 Kubrawiyya 41, 56, 73, 201, 228, 230, 240 Khwaf ı, Majd al-Dın Muh. ammad, brother Kufa 185 of Ghiyath al-Dın Pır Ah. mad Khwaf ı Kuhdum 144 (d. 838/1434–35) 99 kulup , pl. kuluy an 118, 150, 154–55 Khwaf ı, Majd al-Dın Muh. ammad b. Pır KulupqAlap al-Dın 159, 162 Ah. mad (d. 899/1494) 69, 99 Kurdistan 134 Khwaf ı, Majd al-Dın Muh. ammad Kurdkhani, Sayf al-Dın 162 Mayizhn ab ad ı (Khwaja Majd) 68, 69, 70, Kurds 126, 127, 145, 152, 158, 262 96–97, 98, 99, 108 Kus uy ı, Nas.ir al-Dın 237 Khwaf ı, Najıb al-Dın Ah. mad (father of Majd Kus uy ı, Shams al-Dın, shaykh (d. 863) 71, al-Dın Muh. ammad Khwaf ı) 96, 98 200, 226–27 Khwaf ı, Nas.r al-Dın Nas.r Allah (d. 845/ 1441–42) 99 Lahijan 251 Khwaf ı, Niz.am al-Dın Yahya b. Kamal al-Dın Lamsar 144 H. usayn b. Jalal al-Dın Muh. ammad 97 Lancaster, William 6 Khwaf ı, Niz.am al-Dın Yahya Mayizhnab ad ı langar 194, 232 97 Lar (Caspian) 142 Khwaf ı, Qawam al-Dın Niz. am al-Mulk Lar (Fars) 153 (d. 903/1498) 62, 68, 99, 108 Larijan 136, 139, 143–44 Khwaf ı, Qawam al-Dın Shaykh Muh. ammad Laythı, Fad. l Allah 216 (d. 817/1414–15) 86, 97 Lewisohn, Leonard 230 Khwaf ı, Qut.b al-Dın Muh. ammad, s.adr Lur (people) 126, 145, 152, 158 (d. 895/1489–90) 69, 99 Lur-i Buzurg 152 Khwaf ı, Rukn al-Dın b. Majd al-Dın Lur-i Kuchik 29, 152 Muh. ammad 97, 98 Luristan 31, 130, 151–52, 156, 241, 257 Khwaf ı, Rukn al-Dın Muh. ammad (d. 834/ atabeg 268 1430–31) 58, 67, 70, 71, 225 Luristan ıorNurist an ı, Fakhr al-Dın, shaykh Khwaf ı, S. adr al-Dın H. amid 97 227, 235 Khwaf ı, Zayn al-Dın Abu Bakr Muh. ammad, Lut.f Allah b. Buyan Temur,¨ emir 44 shaykh (d. 838/1435) 57, 59, 60, 67, 71, 74, 100, 188, 189, 203, 205, 206, 211, 222, Maqdab ad 224 226–38, 241, 242, 277–78 madrasa of Khwaja qAlı Fakhr al-Dın, Khwaf ı, Zayn al-Dın, mausoleum 217 see Herat Khwaja Katib (shrine) 220 Madrasa-i Ghiyathiyya, see Herat Khwaja Rastı, brother of qAlıka Kukeltash 67 Maghribı, Muh. ammad Shırın, shaykh Khwajag an, see Naqshbandiyya 231, 236 Khwaja Yusuf b. Ilyas Khwaja 45, 47 mahdı 41, 188, 240–41, 242 Khwandamır, Ghigath al-Dın 54, 56, 61–62, Mah. mud, Amır, nephew of Khwaja 63–64, 68, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89–90, 91, 94, Muh. ammad Qumı 129 99, 102, 103, 104, 108, 196, 197, 204, Mah. mud H. aydar, vizier 104, 123, 148, 149, 213, 222, 252 150–51, 153, 255, 271, 272–73, 280 family 219 Mah. mud Shihab 83 Khwandsh ah, emir, brother of Fıruzsh ah Mah. mud Yazdı 162 115, 254 Mah. mudsh ah b. Arghunshah 253, 255 Khwandsh ah (father of Mırkhwand) 61 Majalis al-nafapis of Mır qAlıShır Nawapı55 Khwarazm ı, H. asan Gush Burıda, sayyid 84, Majd al-Dın Fad. l Allah, qad.ı (of Yazd) 273 98, 100, 107 Majd al-Dın Fad. l-Allah Qad .ıb.Yaqqub Qad .ı Khwarazm ı, H. usayn, shaykh 116, 194–95, 151, 256 221, 239, 282 Majd al-Dın T. alib S. uf ı (shrine) 220 Khwarazm ı, Jalal al-Dın Mah. mud, vizier 149, ‘‘Majmuqa al-tawar ıkh’’ of H. afiz .-i Abru33 160, 170 Makhan 203 Khwarazm ı, Nur al-Dın Nur Allah (d. 838/ Malan 230 1434–35) 218–19 malik 104 Khwarazm ı, Sayf al-Dın 203 Malik Zuzan 96, 108

Index 305

Malikat Agha 26, 29 Mihtar qAlıshah Farrash 171, 172 Malikat, emir 22 military 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 15, 22, 34, 35, 80, 113, Mam an uk mausoleum, see Yazd 117, 128, 140, 257, 280 Mamluk Sultanate 8, 9, 11, 12, 37, 119, 146, cavalry 124, 125, 149, 157, 163 175, 204, 210 Chaghatay command 14, 15–16, 43–45, armies 124 125, 260 Sultans 9, 50 foot soldiers 124, 149, 157, 160 Manh. aj al-rashad li naf qal-ibad of Zayn al-Dın Iranian commanders 15, 30, 53, 69, 79, 95, Khwaf ı 241 104, 107, 117, 120–21, 123–26, 128, 133, Mans.ur b. Chakir, Amır 132 143, 147, 148–51, 158, 159, 279–80 Maqs.ad al-iqbal of Sayyid As.ıl al-Dın qAbd local Turco-Mongolian troops 20, 22, 114, Allah Waqiz. (d. 883) 55, 70–71, 74, 189, 213 123, 127, 149, 154, 156, 158 Marqashı dynasty of Tabaristan 53, 136–42, 145 regional armies 9, 32, 34, 36, 37, 43, 53, Marqashı, Z. ahır al-Dın b. Nas.ır al-Dın 136, 111–12, 117, 123–28, 145, 147–53, 251, 140, 141, 143 256, 268, 272, 273, 281 al-Marghınan ı, Burhan al-Dın (d. 1197) 214 Mır qAlıShır Nawapı, see Nawapı, Mır qAlıShır al-Marghınan ı, qIsam al-Dın b. qAbd al-Malik miracles, see karam at 212 Mırak Shirwan ı, sayyid 270, 271 marriage Mıransh ah Qapuchin 266 dynasty 10, 15, 17, 21, 22, 23, 35, 37, 38, 52, Mırkhwand, Muh. ammad b. Khwandsh ah 113, 132, 156, 259, 262 b. Mah. mud 54, 56, 61–62, 64, 222, 233 Iranian elites 61, 62, 101 Mishkan, qAmıd Abu Nas.r (d. 413/1039) 96 regional rulers 136, 139, 144 al-Mis.ri, Nur al-Dın qAbd al-Rah. man 228, religious classes 58, 100, 107, 175, 211, 214, 229, 231, 238 219, 224, 242 Moghuls, see eastern Chaghadayids Marw 116, 203, 269 Mongols 12, 31, 155, 194 Marwı, Sayyid qAlı98 Mongol conquest 7–10, 96–97, 185 Mashhad/Tus 71, 114, 127, 221, 239, 244, Mongol Empire 10, 11, 14, 28, 94, 95, 97, 260, 263 121, 169 dar al-h. uffaz. 220 Mongol tradition 9, 10, 34, 209 dar al-siyada 220 Mottahedeh, Roy 2, 3 Masjid-i Gunbad-i Khwaja Nur 189 Mubaraksh ah citadel, see Yazd masjid-i jami q, see cathedral mosque Mubaraksh ah Sanjarı36 Masqudsh ah Shul 163 Mubariz al-Dın Muh. ammad b. Maqs.um b. Chakir, Amır 131, 132 al-Muz.affar 96 Mat.laq al-saqdayn wa majmaq al-ba. hrayn of mudarris 198, 218, 221, 227 qAbd al-Razzaq Samarqandı 52, 57–62 mufarrid 83, 84 mausoleums and mausoleum complexes 11, Muh. ammad (Prophet) 179, 182, 184, 187, 71, 176, 182–87, 221, 224, 230 190, 209, 220 Mawlan a Tarkhan ı 115 Muh. ammad, sayyid (of Gilan) 142 Mayhana 220 Muh. ammad Amın b. S. adr al-Dın Ibrah ım Mayizhn ab ad 96, 97 214, 219 Mayizhnab ad ı, Muh. ammad, faqih 108 Muh. ammad qArab of Herat 35, 239 Mayizhnab ad ı, Niz.am al-Dın (d. 737/ Muh. ammad b. Mans.ur, nephew of Bistam 1336–37) 96 Chakirlu 132 Maymana 260 Muh. ammad b. Mih. rab Tarkhan b. H. asan S. uf ı Mazandaran 22, 38, 40, 44, 46, 47, 54, 123, Tarkhan, emir 44 136, 144, 249, 250, 260, 262, 281 Muh. ammad Darwısh, maternal uncle of Mazar-i Dukhtaran 183 Shahrukh 31, 169, 170 Mazar-i Sad at 189 Muh. ammad Ghiyath Tarkhan 39 Mazar-i Tiflagan 183, 189 Muh. ammad Gırubast wa Jand ar, Mecca 59, 236 Pahlawan 121 Medina 229 Muh. ammad Jahang ır b. Muh. ammad Sult.an, merchants 2, 118, 151, 154, 164, 273, 281 Mırza 17, 20, 21, 25, 27 Mid. rab b. Cheku¨ Barlas, emir 22, 26, 39, 43, 114 Muh. ammad Juki b. Shahrukh, Mırza 26, 40, Mih. rab Tarkhan b. H. asan S. uf ı Tarkhan, 42, 47, 48, 93, 115, 121, 211, 246–48 emir 44 Muh. ammad Khan, Chaghadayid 25, 27 Mihrıjird gate, see Yazd Muh. ammad Khan, Eastern Chaghadayid 27

306 Index

Muh. ammad Khudabanda, see Oljeit¨ u¨ Nas.ir al-Dın b. Kamal al-Dın Marqashı, Muh. ammad Khudayd ad, emir 272 Sayyid 140–41, 281 Muh. ammad Marqashı, sayyid 141 Nas.ir al-Dın qImad al-Islam, vizier 99 Muh. ammad Mırum b. Ilyas Khwaja, emir 45 Nas.ir al-Dın Lutf Allah b. qAzız Allah (d. 823/ Muh. ammad Nurbakhsh, shaykh 41, 240–42 1420) 216–17 Muh. ammad Pars a, shaykh 55, 75–77, 211, Nas.ir al-Dın Muh. ammad, muh. tasib 108 229, 235, 238, 239 Nas.ir Karkiy a, Sayyid 253 Muh. ammad Sariq 162 Natanz 130, 252, 256 Muh. ammad S. uf ı b. Ghiyath al-Dın Tarkhan Nat.anzı, Muqın al-Dın 31, 41 38–39, 44 natural disasters 164, 249 Muh. ammad Sult.an b. Jahang ır 16–17, 20, 21, Nawapı, Mır qAlıShır 55, 61, 73, 232 22, 25, 27 Nihawand 29, 134, 252, 259, 271 Muh. ammad Yahyab. qUbayd Allah Ah. rar 202 Niqmat Allah, Shah Walı, shaykh 30, 63, 149, Muh. ibb al-Dın Abupl Khayr b. Muh. ammad 197, 199, 201, 231, 237, 243, 271 Jazarı 47, 125, 216, 249–50, 256, 260, Niqmatulahiyya 73, 223, 231, 243, 271 266, 270, 274 Nırız 158 muh. tasib 81, 108, 120, 210, 212, 213, 214, Nisa 185, 269 219, 230 Nishapur 230, 258 Muqın al-Fuqarap,Ah. mad b. Mah. mud 55 Niyawand 253 Muqizz al-Dın Pır H. usayn Kart, Malik Niyaz ab ad 96–97 (r. 1332–70) 107 Niz.am al-Dın qAbd al-Rah.ım b. Pahlawan Muqizz al-ansab fı shajarat al-ansab 15, 23, Yar Ah. mad (d. 828/1424–25) 216–17 36, 39, 42, 44, 45, 52, 79–80, 82, 121, Niz.am al-Dın Ah. mad b. Fıruzsh ah, emir 63 149, 150 Niz.am al-Dın Kham ush, shaykh 64, 180, Mujmal-i fas.ıh.ı of Ah. mad b. Jalal al-Dın Fas.ıh. 203, 227, 234 Khwaf ı 37, 58, 64, 90, 99, 150 Niz.am al-Mulk 96, 105 mujtahid 184 nomads 5, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 126, Multan 17 151–52, 163 Muntakhab al-tawar ıkh of Muqın al-Dın nomads, regional armies 152 Nat.anzı31 Nur al-Dın Kamal 148, 150–51, 159, 162, Murghab ı, Jalal al-Dın Mah. mud Zahid 169, 280 (d. 778/1376–77) 220 Nurbakhsh, Shaykh Muh. ammad 188 Murshid, Jalal al-Dın, vizier Nurbakhshiyya 188 Murtad. a b.Kamal al-Dın Marqashı Nurist an ı, Fakhr al-Dın, see Luristan ı Murtad. apid sayyid dynasty of Hazar Jarıb 136 Nurmalik Barlas, emir 26, 115 Musalla qAtıq, see Yazd Musawı sayyids 70, 239 Oljeit¨ u¨ Muh. ammad Khudabanda (Ilkhan, r. Mushaqshaq movement 125, 242, 250, 282 1304–16) 108 Mushaqshaq, Muhammad b. Falah 242–43 Ottoman dynasty 7, 9, 11, 12 . . Muqtas.im b. Zayn al-qAbidın Muz.affar Oxus river 260, 264, 265 (Muzaffarid) 160 mutawallı 166, 198, 224 Padusband dynasty, see Rustamdar ı Muz.affar Shabank ara pı 106 pahlawan 121 Muzaffarid dynasty (1314–93 A.D.) 53, 95, 96, Pahlawan H. ajj ı Zawa 105, 154–55, 160, 170–71, 173, 177 Pahlawan H. usayn Dıwana 272–73 Paul, Jurgen¨ 3, 192, 193 Nafah. at al-uns min h. id. rat al-quds,ofqAbd Payanda Biki Sult.an bt. Baysunghur 253, 259 al-Rah. man Jam ı 73, 232, 235, 278 Persian elite, see also Tajik 13, 184 Napin 164 Persian language 1, 10, 30, 117 Naqımab ad region, see Yazd Pır` qAlı b. Iskandar b. qUmar Shaykh 162 Naqsh-i Jahan citadel, see Is.fahan Pır H. ajj ı, emir 161, 254 naqıb 70, 208, 225, 282 Pır H. usayn b. Chupan 101 Naqshband, Bahap al-Dın, shaykh (d. 791/ Pır Muh. ammad b. Jahang ır, Mırza 14, 17, 1389) 64, 73, 75–76, 77, 203, 205, 218, 227, 20, 25, 38 228, 230, 234, 235, 237, 243 Pır Muh. ammad b. Pulad, emir 22, 23, 44 Naqshbandiyya 56, 73, 75–77, 78, 191, 200, Pır Muh. ammad b. qUmar Shaykh 2, 23, 201, 203, 205, 222, 223, 228–29, 231, 234, 29–30, 126, 149, 155–60, 165, 170 235, 236–37 Pır Padsh ah b. Lughman 138

Index 307

Pırzad Bukhar ı, emir 271 Qumı, Niz.am al-Dın Yahya 130 plague 46, 60, 99, 158, 164 Qumis 38, 250–53 poets 50, 55, 62, 69, 115, 167, 179, 203 Qunduz 22, 43, 114, 260 prayer 180, 183, 201 Qurpan commentary, see tafsır Prophet (see Muh. ammad) Qurlas 121 punishment 28, 80, 248, 263 Qushun-i Janb az 149 of city notables 118, 150, 162, 257 qut.b (Sufi term: ‘‘pole’’) 186, 189 of emirs 22, 24, 36, 266, 275 Qut.b al-Dın, Malik, of Sistan 125 of Iranian military 159 Qut.b al-Dın Jamal Islam Masqud 160 of local rulers 108, 134 Qutham b. qAbbas (shrine) 184, 186, 191 of princes 136, 258, 266, 270 of religious figures 41, 42, 233, 240–42 rabita 200 of viziers 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 90, 93–94, Radkan 23, 114 99, 102 rapıs 76, 118, 154, see also kulup; heads of Pur an ı, Abu Yazıd, shaykh 228, 234, 237 quarters Pur an ı, Jalal al-Dın Bayaz ıd 187 Randan ı, Mah. mud (or Mah. mud Dandan ı) 121 qad.ı 30, 68, 99, 108, 198, 210, 214, 255 Ranikuh 143, 251 in city defense 118, 119, 157, 163, 213 Rashah. at-i qayn al-h. ayat , of Fakhr al-Dın qAlı in city government 154–55, 160, 163, 257 b. H. usayn Kashif ı 73, 75, 77, 189, 193, court service 57, 101, 104, 239 202, 218, 236–37, 239 al-Qapinı, Jalal al-Dın Abu Muh. ammad 210, Rashıd al-Dın Hamadan ı 94, 101, 105, 173 211, 215, 216, 230 Rasht 144 Qandahar 33, 39, 123, 127 Rawd. at al-jannat fı aws.af madınat Harat ,of Qandiyya of Muh. ammad b. qAbd al-Jalıl Muqın al-Dın Zamchı Isfizar ı 62, 68, 195 Samarqandı 186, 192, 193 Rawd. at al-jinan wa jannat al-janan of H. afiz . Qannadı family of Yazd 172 H. usayn Karbalapı Tabrızı56 Qannadı, qAlap al-Dın 172 Rawd. at al-riyah.ın of Darwısh qAlıBuzj an ı Qannadı, Burhan al-Dın 172 197, 222, 224 Qara Yusuf Qaraqoyunlu (r. 791/1389–802/ Rayy 23, 32, 45, 47, 54, 126, 130, 142, 250, 251, 1400, 809/1406–823/1420) 32, 34–35, 252, 253, 256, 257, 272 105, 130, 131–34, 191 Raz ı, Fakhr al-Dın (mausoleum) 184, 189, sons of 35 208, 213, 220 Qarabagh 34, 83 Raz ı, Ghiyath al-Dın Muh. ammad H. afiz . 104, Qarachar Barlas, Amır 41 124, 129, 148–49, 171, 280 Qaraqoyunlu 18, 19, 29, 31, 34, 42, 43, 45, rebellions 269 54, 105, 124, 125, 128, 129, 130, 142, 143, rebellions, religious 240, 241 151, 156, 160, 161, 163, 168, 175, 177, 250, cities 76, 119, 170, 239, 254 259, 262, 271–73, 280 emirs 16, 22–24, 26–28, 39, 85, 114, 133, 138 Qarluq 127 princes 48, 115, 265 Qashqapi, tribe 152, 163 regional rulers 126 Qasim al-Anwar, shaykh 203, 217, 227, 228, tribes 151–52 230–33, 236, 237, 241–42 religious classes 2, 6, 10, 50, 53, 55–56 Qapuchin 22 military activities 120, 124, 279 Qawam al-Dın Marqashı, Sayyid 136 religious movements 41, 42, 239–43 Qaydu b. Pır Muh. ammad b. Jahang ır, Mırza ribat.s 213 20, 24, 26, 33, 40, 114, 121, 125–26 Rid. a al-Dın b.Qawam al-Dın Marqashı Qazwin 34, 35, 54, 94, 114, 128, 130, 132, 133, 138–39, 140 143, 250–53, 256, 262 Rid. a Kiya, Sayyid (d. 1426) 142 Qipchaq tribe 127 rupasap, see rapıs Quhistan 84, 97, 98, 100, 106, 123, 136, 222, Rud-i Khwaf 96 224, 240 Ruj 201 Quhistan ı, qAlap al-Dın qAlı94 Ruj ı, Shams al-Dın Muh. ammad, shaykh Qum 30, 31–32, 39, 45, 114, 123, 126, 129–30, 201–02, 205 132–33, 135, 142, 144, 149, 252, 253, 256, Rukn al-Dın, sayyid 173 259, 272–73, 274 Rukn al-Dın H. asan, Mawlan a 151 city notables 259 Rukn al-Dın Mah. mud, known as Shah Sanjan Qumı, Muh. ammad, Khwaja 129–30, 133 (d.1200–01) 70, 96, 100, 108, 223

308 Index

Rukn al-Dın S. apin 101 Juy-i Ab-i Rah. mat 188 Rukn al-Dın S. apin qAmıd al-Mulk b. Shams Shah-i Zinda 185, 191 al-Dın 101 sufi shaykhs 228, 230, 233, 234 rukubdar 126 ulama 212, 214, 215, 216, 218, 225 ruler 2–3, 5 Samarqandı, qAbd al-Awwal al-Burh. an ı 211 ruler, central relation with religious classes 13, Samarqandı, qAbd al-Razzaq 192–97, 207, 241 career and family 57–62, 63–64, 71, 121, 211, death of 2, 34 216, 219, 222, 233, 234, 239, 246 majlis 30, 197 history 45, 47, 52, 54, 56, 64–67, 70, 81, 88, and supernatural 188, 190 90, 91, 99, 102, 120, 191, 213, 215, 221, rulers, regional 6, 25, 32, 34, 35, 40, 111–12, 239, 247, 248, 258, 263, 268, 269 113, 114, 128–45, 152, 161, 249, 252–54, Samarqandı, qAbd al-Wah. h. ab b. Jalal al-Dın 268, 274–75, 281, 282 Ish. aq 58 Rum 174 Samarqandı, Darwısh Ah. mad, shaykh 203, Rum ı, qAbd al-Rah.ım 236 229, 231, 236–37 Rushkhwar 96, 100 Samarqandı, Dawlatshah b. qAlap al-Dawla Rustam b. Sulaymansh ah, emir 23 Bakhtishah 55, 62, 101, 252, 270 Rustam b. Taghay Bugha Barlas, emir 27 Samarqandı, Jalal al-Dın Ish. aq (father of qAbd Rustam b. qUmar Shaykh, Mırza 29–32, 104, al-Razzaq) 57, 58 115, 148, 150, 156–58, 164, 168, 254, 279 Samarqandı, Jamal al-Dın qAbd al-Ghaffar b. son of 254 Jalal al-Dın Ish. aq (d. 835/1431–32) 58 Rustamdar 136, 139, 141, 250, 251, 252 Samarqandı, Sharaf al-Dın qAbd al-Qahhar b. Rustamdar ı dynasty 136 Jalal al-Dın Ish. aq 59, 61, 62, 109 al-S. ana pı, qAlı, vizier 106 Saqadat b. Khwandsh ah, emir 63, 115, 253, 255 Sanjan 70, 96, 223 Sabzawar 83, 84, 95, 106 Sanjan ı, Taj al-Dın Ah. mad 70 Saqd-i Waqqas. b. Muh. ammad Sult.an, Mırza Sanjar, Sult.an (r. 1118–57) 224 31–32, 132–33, 163 Sanjar b. Pır Muhammad, Mırza33 . s.adr 52, 62, 69, 79, 99, 108, 109, 195, 210, 212, Sar-Ab-i Naw district, see Yazd 213–14, 219, 244 Sarakhs 116 S. adr al-Dın Ibrah ım, s.adr 213 Sararıg quarter, see Dahuk Safalı under Yazd S. adr al-Dın Yunus al-H. usaynı, sayyid, see Sarbadars 83 al-H. usaynı sardar 118, 123, 147, 150, 151, 157, 168, 280 Safavid dynasty 54, 61, 168, 212, 214, 231 Sari 22, 23, 136, 137–42, 159, 252 S. afawiyya 228 Sawa 30, 31, 39, 130, 135, 250, 257, 262, S. afı al-Dın b. Khwaja qAbd al-Qadir 89–90 271, 272 Sagharch ı, Muh. ammad 86 Sawran 39, 83 Sagharch ı, Shaykh Burhan al-Dın Sayf al-Dın Ah. mad, see Taftazan ı (mausoleum of) 193 Sayfı Harawı96 S. ah. h. af, Murtad. a 211–12 Sayyid Ah. mad b. Ghiyath al-Dın Tarkhan, s.ah. ib dıwan 81, 105, 109, 148 emir 38, 43, 89, 114, 115 S. ah. ra‘i, Nas.r Allah 130 Sayyid Ah. mad b. qUmar Shaykh, Mırza 114 Saqıd Barlas, emir 157, 161 Sayyid qAlı Amul ı, see qAlı b. Qawam al-Dın S. aqidi, Qad .ıAh. mad 120, 157, 160–61, 279–80 Marqashı, Sayyid S. apin al-Dın (qad.ı) 101 Sayyid qAlıSar ı, see qAlı b. Kamal al-Dın Salama 96 Sayyid qAlı Tarkhan 39 Sali Saray 247, 259 Sayyid Khwaja b. Shaykh qAlı Bahadur, emir Salman ı, Taj al-Dın 28, 36, 105 22, 23, 30, 114 Salmas 42 Sayyid Murtad. a of Sari and Amul 102, 141 salt.anat 192 Sayyid Yusuf b. Saqıd Khwaja 114 samap 199 SayyidıAh. mad Mırak b. Turmush 171 Samarqand 7, 17, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 42, 44, 56, Sayyidıb.qIzz al-Dın 152 75, 83–84, 111, 118, 120, 184–85, 188, 191, sayyids 34, 61, 62, 70, 84, 86, 107, 118, 136, 193, 204, 205, 207, 213, 239, 247, 260, 263, 151, 162, 163, 172, 179, 184, 189, 208, 255, 269, 270 266, 272 city defense 266 H. usaynı sayyids 53, 58, 61, 106–08, 255 city notables 266 Seljukid dynasty 79, 105, 224 dıwan 84, 267 Shabankara 106, 152, 158, 164

Index 309

Shaburghan 114, 260 Shams al-Dın Muh. ammad b. qAlı Jurjan ı, see Shad ı, Amır Qawam al-Dın H. usayn, h. akim of Jurjan ı, Shams al-Din Muh. ammad Khwaf 108 Shams al-Dın Muh. ammad b. Jalal al-Dın Shadman 25 Chaqmaq 168, 256 Shah Abupl Qays (mausoleum) 189 Shams al-Dın Muh. ammad Mushrif, see Shah qAlap al-Dın Muh. ammad Sayyid, naqıb Simnan ı 168, 255 Shams al-Dın Muh. ammad T. ahir, vizier 85, Shah qAlap al-Dın Muh. ammad, sayyid 148, 171 (mausoleum) 168 Shams al-Dın S. apin, qad.ı (under Injuids) 104 Shah qAlı, shaykh 233 Shams al-h. usn of Taj al-Salman ı36 Shah Mah. mud b. AbuplQasim Babur, Mırza Shaqan ı, qAlı 84, 86, 87–88, 248 102, 259–60 Sharaf al-Dın qAbd al-Qahhar, see Shah Mah. mud Yasawul, emir 248, 252 Samarqandı, Sharaf al-Dın qAbd Shah Muh. ammad b. Qara Yusuf al-Qahhar Qaraqoyunlu 134 Sharaf al-Dın qAlı Yazdı, see Yazdı, Sharaf Shah Shujaq Muz.affarı, see Shujaq Muz.affarı al-Dın qAlı shahidb az ı 232 Sharaf al-Dın H. ajjı Khwaf ı, vizier 108 Shahmalik, emir 20, 25, 26, 27–29, 39, 116, Sharaf al-Dın Muh. ammad, vizier 101 206, 221, 226, 239 Sharaf al-Dın Yaqqub, qad.ı 151 Shahn ama 167 Sharbatdar, qAlı 126, 158 Shahriyar fortress 132 Sharbatdar, H. usayn 30, 126, 150, 158–59, Shahrukh 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 248 162, 280 building 170, 216, 219–20 sharıqa 3, 9, 13, 28, 209, 211, 230, 232, 243, burial 258 266, 277 consolidation of power 28–33 Sharistan 182 dıwan affairs 81, 84, 89–94, 109 Shaykh Abu‘l Fad. lb.qAlıka Kukeltash, emir final illness and death 48, 253 47, 116 as governor of Khorasan 21–22 Shaykh qAlı Bahadur, emir 23 issue of succession 48, 93, 246–48 Shaykh qAlı Bahadur, emir under AbuplQasim karam at 60, 191 Babur 114, 272 legitimation 28, 41–42, 209 shaykh al-islam 58, 118, 210, 213, 214, 244 literary patronage 11, 28, 33, 41–42, 52, Shaykh H. ajj ı Muh. ammad qIraq ı, emir 133 53, 57, 226 Shaykh H. asan, emir 28 relations with governors 113, 252–53 Shaykh Lughman Barlas, emir 38, 39, 46 religious policy 28, 71, 123, 196, 205, ShaykhNural-D ın,emir 21, 24–25, 26–28, 33, 39 209–22, 238–44, 254 Shaykhzada Qush Ribat.ı, Amır 271–72 rise to power 20, 21–28 Shihab al-Dın qAbd al-Rah. man b. qAbd Allah and Sufi shaykhs 59, 76, 226, 233, 240–42, Lisan 214, 219, 234 243 Shihab al-Dın AbuplMakarim, muh. tasib Shahrukhiyya 266 (d. 833/1429–30) 108, 193, 210–11 Shakki 35 Shihab al-Dın Bist.am ı, Shaykh Shamq-i Jahan Khan, eastern Chaghadayid 27 Shihab al-Dın Ish. aq, Khwaja 99 Shams al-Dın qAlıBal ıcha Simnan ı, see Shihab family 106 Bal ıcha Simnan ı Shiqism 209, 232, 242, 256 Shams al-Dın b. qAbbas, emir 21 Shır qAlı b. Uch Qara 23 Shams al-Dın b. Jamshid, governor of Shiraz 11, 29, 33, 39, 55, 56, 63, 88, 111, 118, Sari 138 123, 130, 138, 146, 148–50, 153–55, 158, Shams al-Dın b. Rukn al-Dın 173 169, 175–76, 240, 249, 253, 257, 261, 266, Shams al-Dın b. Uch Qara, emir 23 270, 271, 273, 274, 280 Shams al-Dın Kart, Malik (1245–78) 96 bazaar 126, 158 Shams al-Dın Mah. mud S. apin Qad .ı b. Rukn building activity 167 al-Dın S. apin 101 dıwan 97, 148, 162 Shams al-Dın Muh. ammad Amın b. S. adr Fazariyya madrasa 166 al-Dın, s.adr 213 hospital of Ibrah ım Sult.an 167 Shams al-Dın Muh. ammad Asad, Jalal ı fortress 167 shaykh 235 literary and artistic patronage 166 Shams al-Dın Muh. ammad Awh. ad, (d. 838/ Shıraz ıs 154–55, 158, 162, 163, 273 1434–35) 218 ulama 152, 166, 225

310 Index

Shıraz ı, Niz.am al-Dın 125 majlis 198–99, 202, 205, 206, 230, 235 Shıraz ı, Sayyid Qut.b al-Dın 187 masters and disciples 199, 200–03, 223, Shıraz ı, SayyidıAh. mad 89, 99 234–36, 238 Shırmard Jigardar, Pahlawan 121 relation to rulers 59, 75, 192–98, 207, 241, Shirwan 35, 174–76, 241 243, 278, 281 shrines 11, 185, 209, 219–21 relations with emirs 59 Shuqab-i panjgana of Rashıd al-Dın 42 Suhrawardı, Shihab al-Dın 277 Shujaq Muz.affarı, Shah (r. 765/1364–786/ Suhrawardiyya 228, 278 1384) 155 Sulaymansh ah b. Dapud Dughlat, emir 22, 23, Shul (people) 127, 152, 262 44, 139 Shushtar 250, 270 Sulaymansh ah Qas.s.ab. kulup 159, 162 Signaq 42 Suldus tribe 261 silsila 73, 74, 78, 198, 223 sult.an (title), sultanate 25, 30, 70, 133, 161, 239, Simnan 100, 102–05, 123, 142, 251, 268 258, 268 building activities 103 Sult.an Bayaz ıd b. Nurmalik Barlas, emir 26, viziers from 68, 85, 94, 95, 100–05, 110, see 43, 115 also Bal ıcha Simnan ı Sult.an H. usayn Bayqara (r. 1470–1506) 58, 61, Simnan ı, qAlap al-Dawla, grandson of qIzz 62, 68, 73, 80, 99, 103–04, 106–07, 121, al-Dın T. ahir 101 122, 192, 211, 218 Simnan ı, qAlap al-Dawla, shaykh 101, 228, 233 Sult.an Mah. mud b. Kaykhusraw Khuttalan ı Simnan ı, qAlıJaqfar, grandson of qIzz al-Dın 26 T. ahir 101 Sult.an Muh. ammad b. Baysunghur, Mırza 53, Simnan ı, Ghiyath al-Dın (under AbuplQasim 59, 63, 130, 150, 152, 164, 165, 167–68, Babur) 103, 272–73 191, 212, 245–46, 248, 251, 252, 262, Simnan ı, Ghiyath al-Dın Sal ar (d. 811/1408) 267–71, 272, 273, 274–75, 280 84–85, 92, 103, 169 appointment as governor 47–48, 60, 133–35, Simnan ı, Ghiyath Muh. ammad b. Taj al-Dın 143, 234, 251 Bahram, vizier 103 dıwan 269 Simnan ı, qIzz al-Dın T. ahir 101 rebellion 150, 176, 249, 252–57 Simnan ı, Jamal Islam, Qad .ıbacha 104 after Shahrukh’s death 259–62 Simnan ı, Masqud b. Niz. am al-Dın Yahya, Sult.an Uways b. Edegu¨ Barlas, emır, governor Khwaja 101, 104, 105 of Kerman 39, 120, 127–28 Simnan ı, Muqizz al-Dın Malik, see Bal ıcha Sultaniyya 32, 34, 35, 39, 41, 42, 45, 128, 130, Simnan ı 131–33, 250–53, 256, 259, 262 Simnan ı, Niz. am al-Dın Yahya 101–02 Sult.ansh ah, emir 157 Simnan ı, Qut.b al-Dın T. apus, vizier 103–04 Sult.ansh ah Barlas, emir 82, 249, 266, 267 Simnan ı, Rukn al-Dın S. apin, poet, see Rukn Sult.ansh ah Chuhra 175 al-Dın S. apin qAmıd al-Mulk sunna 182, 197, 209, 217, 219, 230, 231, Simnan ı, Shams al-Dın Muh. ammad b. qAlı 84, 232, 243 85, 89, 105 supernatural places 56, 70, 180–87, 188–90 Simnan ı, Shams al-Dın Muh. ammad Mushrif Syria 116, 164, 166, 171 b. Sharaf al-Dın qAlı 84, 101–02, 104, 125 Simnan ı, Sharaf al-Dın qAlı b. Niz. am al-Dın Tabaristan 53–54, 136–42, 251 Yahya 84, 101–02, 105 Tabas (Masinan) 69, 107, 126 al-Sindı, Mah. mud 236 Tabası, Jalal al-Dın Farrukhzad, emir 69 Sısı, Ismaqıl, shaykh 229–32 al-Tabası, Muh. ammad 243 Sistan 19, 85, 108, 112, 123, 127, 161, 229, Tabriz 11, 35, 101, 102, 229–30 239, 268 Tabrızı, H. afiz . H. usayn Karbalapı56 soyurghal 23, 32, 103, 113–14, 115, 264, 265, 271 Tabrızı, H. ajj ıJan 172 Soyurghatmish b. Shahrukh, Mırza 25, 26, 33, Tabrızı, Pır H. usayn, vizier 148 40, 42 tadhkira 51, 55, 72–77, 78, 196 sons of 259 Tadhkirat al-shuqara of Dawlatshah b. qAlap Subtelny, Maria 216 al-Dawla Samarqandı 55, 62, 195 S. uf ı shaykhs 3–5, 11, 50, 70, 72–78, 95, 108, tafsır 166, 215 118, 122, 136, 139, 141, 149, 178–207, 217, Taft 170, 271, see also Yazd 222–38, 241, 255, 263, 283 Taftazan ı, family of 61, 197, 211, 214, 215 circles 223, 228–38 Taftazan ı, Qut.b al-Dın Yahya (grandson of internal relations 198, 236–38 Saqd al-Dın) 214

Index 311

Taftazan ı, Saqd al-Dın 10, 58, 63–64, 197, 204, Temur¨ 1, 7, 9–11, 94 210, 215, 216, 217, 233, 243 building 170, 225 Taftazan ı, Sayf al-Dın Ah. mad b. Qut.b al-Dın cultural interests 10–11 Yahya 61, 62, 214 death 2 Taftazan ı, Shams al-Dın Muh. ammad b. Saqd karam at 191, 192, 193–94 al-Dın 62, 211 Mongol tradition 10–12 Taghay Temur¨ Khan 101 political organization 14–15, 16–17, 22, Taj al-Dın Salman ı, see Salman ı, Taj al-Dın 83–84, 94, 101, 103, 105–06, 107, 111, tajik 120, 123, 126, 263 129, 131, 137, 155 Tal ar-i Tımur ı, see Isfahan relations with Sufi shaykhs 226, 243 Tamerlane, see Temur¨ testament 17, 20, 21 tamgha, see taxes and ulama 197, 212, 213, 215, 222, 243 T. aqı, Abu qAbd Allah (d. 416/1025–26) (grave) Termez 225 219, 220 T. ihran ıIs.fahan ı, Abu Bakr 91, 245, 252, T. aqı al-Dın Dad a, shaykh 172 265, 266 mausoleum 172 Till-i Kuhandizh-Mis.rakh (shrine of qAbd Tar ıkh-i jadıd-i Yazd of Ah. mad b. H. usayn Allah b. Muqawiyya) 185 Katib 94, 176, 245, 272 Timurid dynasty 1, 2, 7, 10–12, 13–21, 40, 50, Tar ıkh-i kabır,ofJaqfar al-H. usaynıJaqfarı 53, 52, 58 133, 157, 160, 161, 245 building 166 Tar ıkh-i mullaz ada dar dhikr-i mazar at-i building by princes 221 Bukhar a of Ah. mad Muqın al-Fuqarap princes 92, 109, 146, 148, 151, 212, 248–49 183, 185 and religious classes 168, 204 Tar ıkh-i T. abaristan wa Ruy an wa Mazandar an shrine visitation 71 of Sayyid Z. ahır al-Dın Marqashı 136, Tizan 85 138, 139 Tokhtamish 9 Tar ıkh-i wasit . of Jaqfar b. Muh. ammad tovachi 23, 39, 124 al-H. usaynıJaqfarı33 Transoxiana 21, 22, 36, 40, 43, 73, 77, 122, 127, Tar ıkh-i Yazd of Jaqfar b. Muh. ammad 247, 260, 262–68, 269, 270, 274, 275 al-H. usaynıJaqfarı 53, 245 historiography 52, 54, 56 .tarıqa 5, 11, 51, 72, 77, 78, 208, 223, 234, religious classes 211, 243 238, 244 Shahrukh’s takeover 23, 24–25, 27–28, 38 Tarkhan emirs 38, 44, 260, 265, 266, 269, see in struggle after Shahrukh’s death 258 also Ghiyath al-Dın Tarkhan, relatives of under Ulugh Beg 40, 42, 47, 113, 135, 140 Tarnab 261 tribes 126–28 Tarum (Fars) 130, 153 Chaghatay 15, 261 Tarum (s. of Gilan) 136, 144, 250–52 local, non-Chaghatay 127, 145, 176, 262 T. arum ı, H. usayn, Iranian emir 143–44, 262, Tukharistan 25 274, 280 Tul an ı, Pır Taj, see Gılan ı T. arum ı, Jalal al-Dın (of eastern Fars) 152 Tumen¨ Agha 27, 28 tas.arruf 200 tumen¨ s, command of 15, 16, 23, 24, 39, 43, 45, tawajjuh 200, 202 46, 124, 149 tax, taxation 2, 6, 10, 24, 32, 40, 42, 79, 80, 81, Tun 264 85, 90, 92–93, 103, 111, 113, 115, 116, Tun ı95 128–29, 140–41, 146, 150, 154, 165, 169, Turbat-i Shaykh-i Jam, see Jam, shrine of 176, 197, 248, 260, 261–62, 267, 269, Turco-Mongolian culture and population 10, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 281 15, 185, 190, 209, 246, 261 capitation tax 262, 269 elite 7, 13 cherik tax 262 Turka family of Isfahan 254 taxcollectors86,87,98,129,170,194,270,272 Turka, Afd. al al-Dın 254 tax collection 115, 116, 150, 249, 252, 254, Turka, Afd. al al-Dın b. S. adr al-Dın (d. 850/ 255, 257 1446) 168, 257 tax exemptions 158, 163, 165, 194, 255, 257 Turka, S. adr al-Dın b. Afd. al al-Dın 254 trade tax: tamgha 197, 265, 269 Turka, S. apin al-Dın qAli b. Afd. al al-Dın (d. 835/ Taybad 227 1432) 168, 241, 254 Taybad ı, Zayn al-Dın, shaykh (d. 791/1389) Turkic language 10, 30 100, 196, 227, 230, 237, 243 Turkic scribes 79–80 mausoleum 100, 189, 206, 209 Turkmen 35, 36, 126–27, 145, 267

312 Index

Turks 8, 11, 120, 143–44, 263 Yadg arsh ah Arlat, emir 38, 39, 46 Turmush, darugha 163, 171 Yahya b. Muh. ammad Sult.an, Mırza20 Turshiz 114, 121, 224 YahyaMuz . affar, Shah (r. 789/1387–795/ Tus 95, 106, 240 1393) 170 T. us ı, AbuGh alib 69, 70 Yaman ı, qAbd al-Qadir, shaykh 236 T. us ı, Nas.ır al-Dın 11 Yar qAlı Turkmen 120, 263–64, 275 yasa 28, 209 Uch Qara 23, 24 Yasapur 97 ulama 4, 5, 45, 50, 52, 54, 57–59, 68, 86, 95, 109, Yasapurı tribe 76 117, 122, 147, 162, 178–79, 182, 183, 184, yasavul 107 188, 189, 192, 204, 210–19, 272, 282–83 Yasawiyya 74 building activity 211, 213–14 Yazd 29–32, 37, 39, 53, 68, 85, 94, 111, 116, burial and graves 183 118–19, 123, 146, 148, 150, 153, 158, internal relation 77, 198, 244 163, 173, 185–86, 216, 249, 250, 252–53, military 216 256, 259, 261–62, 268, 270, 271, 273, relation to rulers 195–98, 207, 238–39, 241, 274, 279–80 242, 279, 281–82 qAbd al-Qadiriyya Madrasa 173 relations with S. uf ı shaykhs 217–18, 232–33 Ahristan district 148, 171, 172, 174 Ulugh Beg b. Shahrukh, Mırza 23, 24, 26, 29, bazaar 169, 170 33, 40, 41, 42, 107, 113, 114, 115, 121, 135, building activity 168–75; by emirs 170–73; 204, 214, 216, 242, 246, 247, 262, 266, by governor 170; by merchants 171–72, 269, 275 175; by notables 169, 170; by viziers appointment to Transoxiana 25, 26, 40 151, 171 artistic patronage 263 Bundarab ad 172 murder of 270 cathedral mosque 170, 171 relation to religious classes 60, 77, 239, 278 Chahar Minar quarter 172, 174 after Shahrukh’s death 262 Cham-i Taft 170 Ulus Chaghatay 15 citadel 173 qUmar b. Amıransh ah, Mırza 19, 131–33, 156 city notables 256, 271, 273 qUmar Shaykh b. Pır Muh. ammad b. qUmar commercial activity 169, 174 Shaykh, Mırza 160 Dahuk Safalı Quarter or Sararıg 169, qUmar Shaykh b. Temur,¨ Mırza26 171–72, 174, 175 sons of 14, 18, 22, 23, 29, 39, 124, 129, 130, Dar al-Fath. 169 132, 155 dıwan 148–51, 169, 171, 261 qUqaylı, Sayf al-Dın H. ajj ı b. Niz.am 68–69, 71, fortress Mubaraksh ah 170 84, 102, 106 gardens 171–73, 175 Uwaysı discipleship 226 governor 156, 168, 171, 261, 262 Uzbeks 10, 44, 45, 46, 47, 249, 263 hammams 171 Uzkand 24, 26 qıdgah 151, 172 Imamzada-i Maqsum mausoleum viziers 40, 50, 52, 54–55, 61, 68, 79–110, 154, judges 151, 273 194, 248–49, 272, see also dıwan Mam an uk mausoleum 171 building activities 100, 103, 104, 149 mausoleum complexes 172, 174 military activities 103, 109, 120, 123, 125, mausoleum of S. alih.ın 184 148–51 Mihrıjird gate 169, 171 regional viziers 147, 279 Musalla qAtıq 171, 172, 173 relations to the S. uf ıs 205–07 Muz.affarids in 170–71, 172 Naqımab ad 171 waqf 11, 79, 109, 115, 168, 172, 198, 212–13, Sar-Ab-i Naw 172 214, 229 Yazdı, Sharaf al-Dın qAlı 33, 41–42, 167, Warzana 123 252, 257, 271 Warzana, cathedral mosque 168 Yazdı, Taj al-Dın H. asan b. Shihab Warzana‘ı, qImad al-Dın Mah. mud b. 53, 91, 124–25, 126, 159, 191, Muz.affar 123, 168 245, 270 Wasit 242 Yusuf Ahl 194–95 wilaya 186, 192 Yusuf b. Sulaymansh ah, emir 22 women 21, 96, 180, 191, 201 Yusuf Chuhra b. H. ajj ıH. alabı 171 Wurujird 129, 253 Yusuf Jalıl, darugha 169, 171

Index 313

Yusuf Jalıl b. H. asan Jand ar 24, 39, 45 Zaydi Shiqites 142 Yusuf Khwaja b. Shaykh qAlı Bahadur, emir Zayn al-qAbid ın, Sayyid 106 39, 45, 47, 130, 251 Zayn al-Dın qAlıBaward ı 151, 273 Zayniyya 229, 236 Z. afarnama of Niz.am al-Dın Sham ı 28, 33, 41 Ziyaratg ah 192, 229 Z. afarnama of Sharaf al-Dın qAlı Yazdı 41, 42 Zubdat al-tawar ıkh-i Baysunghur ı of H. afiz .-i Z. ahır al-Dın b. Nas.ır al-Dın Marqashı Abru 41, 141, 246 53, 121 zurkh ana 121–22 Zawa 98 Zuzan 96, 108 Zawa pı, Pahlawan H. ajj ı 84, 121 Zuzan, Malik, see Malik Zuzan