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Mt.Salak- Mt.Pangranggo, West Java, Indonesia Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience Controlling Groudwater System by Pattern Fracture Approach in Subsurface Volcanic Deposit: Mt.Salak- Mt.Pangranggo, West Java, Indonesia This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text. 2016 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 29 012029 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1755-1315/29/1/012029) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 189.218.61.154 This content was downloaded on 26/06/2016 at 16:34 Please note that terms and conditions apply. International Symposium on Geophysical Issues IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 29 (2016) 012029 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/29/1/012029 Controlling Groudwater System by Pattern Fracture Approach in Subsurface Volcanic Deposit: Mt.Salak- Mt.Pangranggo, West Java, Indonesia Cipta Endyana1, Hendarmawan2, Emmy Sukiyah3, Irwan Ary Dharmawan4 1,2,3 Faculty of Geology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia 4 Departement of Geophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. In general, the volcanic region has high potential of water resources. However, volcanic field are very complex in structure and texture of rock compared with sedimentary rocks. They also have different porosity in type and distribution, with the spread of the highly different within a short distance. Consequently, groundwater in this volcanic area is quite difficult to predict groundwater flow. Those rocks should be identified as vertical and lateral spreading. In fact, the groundwater a is not flowing in the volcanic rock pores only, but also flow in fractures that developed by the volcanic and tectonic processes. Ciherang area which is located between Mount Salak and Mount Gede-Pangrango and bypassed by tectonic faults, has a complex fracture pattern. The result of this fracture pattern research indicated that at least four pattern of fracture systems were developed. All fracture patterns were suggested in relation with the imposition of volcanic rocks. Groundwater in these fractures have to consider for water resources calculation. Therefore fracture media has become one of the important parameters in the calculation of water resources. The modelling of subsurface volcanic deposit was developed by resistivity value of rock deposits. They can describe the distribution of volcanic deposits until 150 meters below surface. The fracture that constantly developed up to certain depth will be exposed by contrast enhancement of resistivity model of rock deposits. Delineation of fracture pattern will be known which each fracture pattern is associated with the flow of groundwater. Furthermore, there are also fractures are influenced by tectonic faults, and fractures caused by both of the processes. Fractures with high intensity indicated direction of porous media have a trend with relatively north-south direction and the fracture which is constantly up to certain depth is indicated as a pathway of groundwater flow, but several fractures which are affected by tectonic regional process will become a barrier of groundwater flow. To control the validity of fracture development, the stable isotope deuterium and oxygen content were used in groundwater as well as flowing water between one fracture systems to other systems. 1. Introduction Mount Salak is a mountain that formed by volcanism process in quaternary period. This volcanic area has a high potential of groundwater. Mount Salak has a large content of groundwater caused by high fracture intensity. The fractures in volcanic areas have contributed for great potential groundwater resources Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1 International Symposium on Geophysical Issues IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 29 (2016) 012029 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/29/1/012029 Fracture patterns mapping is important to gain knowledge of the fracture system prevailing in this area, both of which are influenced by tectonic fractures or pattern formed on the clotting time of volcanic rocks. As revealed by Denny et.al in his paper on methods of structure mapping that control the aquifer, the fracture as a structural element of regional or local geology strongly influence the determination and the presence of groundwater recharge zone [1]. Some results provide two-dimensional fform of lineaments in the valleys and hills of analog or digital maps, satellite imagery and DEM, with lineament analysis used as reference to determine the cracks intensity level of an area [2]. Research area was shown at Figure 1. Figure 1. Research Area located between Mount Salak and Mount Gede Pangrango at Ciherang (indicated by red box), West Java, Indonesia 2. Regional Geologic Setting Ciherang areas included in Bogor Sheet on regional geological maps. Based on data on regional geological map is known the oldest rocks exposed in the study area consists of tufa pumiceous which belong to the old volcanic rock units that spread in the east, north and south areas of research. Other lithology is also in the form of andesitic basalt lava, which belongs to the volcanic deposits of Pangrango Unit. In the west of the study area is composed of lava deposit, tuffaceous breccias and lapilli, basaltic andesite lava flows, which belong to th volcanic deposits of Mount Salak Unit. These volcanic deposit units belong to the old Quaternary volcanic deposit. (Figure 2). Tectonic activity in this area began in the Early Tertiary, followed by Plio-Pleistocene tectonic activity that reactivate the product tectonic Early Tertiary period. These events resulted in the establishment of faults which have generally northeast - southwest and northwest - southeast direction. Fractures that has been formed become a weak zone for young volcanic quaternary rock. Base on regional geological study, research area are generally composed by rock quarter groups, in which the existing deposits deposition is a young volcano that can not be separated between sandy pumice tuff and tuffaceous lava breccia derived from deposition Pangrango. This young volcanic sedimennt has a thickness sufficient. Then, under the quarter rock group, that old volcanic rocks group has been deposited composed of andesitic basaltic breccia, andesitic lava, tuffs and agglomerates which is the inseparable deposition. In the southern part of research area, there is a fine-coarse clastic sedimennts as a tertiary rocks which have been folded and faulted by tectonics [4]. Most researchers agreed that the volcanic eruption in this area relates to the activity of plate collision [5]. Based on geophysical data, it is known that the subduction pathways in the southern island of Java, is a continuous zone, but the volcanic eruption on the surface is separated from one 2 International Symposium on Geophysical Issues IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 29 (2016) 012029 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/29/1/012029 another. This phenomenon indicates that the activity magmatism or volcanism does not by itself come to the surface, but there must be some fractures that have a function as a media to release the magma to the surface. Fracture is always a fault lines, for example on the island of Java, the position of the active volcanoes are in the volcanic arc environment on the surface appearance was in the Baribis Fault Zone [5]. With geological facts described above, it is in Java which is also found volcanic (from the age of Paleogene to the present) associated with fault zones confirmed [6]. Examples Katili and Sudradjat connect the presence of volcanoes around West Java and the surrounding areas with Cimandiri Fault zones and fault Citanduy. Some other examples are the appearance of Volcano Ciremai in Cirebon- Kuningan which is at the intersection of the fault zone and Fault Baribis Citanduy; Volcano Tangkubanprahu-Burangrang are in fault zones Cimandiri; and Mount Krakatau in the Sunda Strait was in the Sunda Strait fault zone [7]. Figuure 2. Regional Geological Map of research area-Bogor sheet [3]. 3. Method Fractures can define easily with satellite image such as Landsat, Radarsat, or Digital Elevation Model (DEM). There are a lot of fracture tracks provide by lineament in surface, in this case the lineament of hills and valley. The surface method to calculate of fractures intensity and delineate of fracture pattern is used Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD) [7]. FDD is useful for lineament analysis. The result of FDD is the intensity of distribution of fractures in research area, not only the value of intensity but also patttern of fracture distribution and the main direction of tectonic or volcanic styles. Those fractures were appear in DEM has a pattern and can be described the force that occurred in research area. The fractures patterns can be classified according to the style influence that occurs in the research area, whether the fractures pattern caused by effect of tectonic, volcanic, or both processes [7, 8]. Geo-eelectric method used to determine the condition of the distribution of subsurface lithology. Resistivity value produced by the geo-electric instruments very well and efficiently used to determine the condition of groundwater and subsurface rocks in volcanic deposits. Its value is highly dependent on several factors, namely groundwater, salinity, saturation, and lithology aquifer. Resistivity method is always used to solve many problems such as groundwater to determine the depth, thickness and boundaries of the aquifer. Rock resistivity value reflects the hardness of rocks in accordance with 3 International Symposium on Geophysical Issues IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 29 (2016) 012029 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/29/1/012029 Table-1 in relative terms, with known resistance value and classified rock type.
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