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Hukuksal Bağlamda Sosyal Medya Analizi Ve Kıyaslamalı Mevzuat Önerileri

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Hukuksal Bağlamda Sosyal Medya Analizi Ve Kıyaslamalı Mevzuat Önerileri HUKUKSAL BAĞLAMDA SOSYAL MEDYA ANALİZİ VE KIYASLAMALI MEVZUAT ÖNERİLERİ LEGAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND COMPARATIVE LEGISLATIVE SOLUTION PROPOSALS Serhat KOÇ 110691013 İSTANBUL BİLGİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ HUKUK YÜKSEK LİSANS PROGRAMI (BİLİŞİM VE TEKNOLOJİ HUKUKU) Prof. Dr. Aslı TUNÇ 2013 ii Özet Bu çalışmada İnternetin günümüzün en önemli medyası ve iletişim mecrası olduğuna inancımızdan dolayı bu alanda yaşanan yeni gelişmeler bağlamında ihtiyaç duyulan hukuki bakışı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada Türkiye’deki durumun bu açıdan analizi yapılmaya çalışılırken bu analizin etkili olması açısından farklı ülkelerdeki uygulamalarla, Avrupa Birliği Siber Suç Sözleşmesi ve Avrupa Birliği’nin ilgili yönergeleri ile karşılaştırma yapılması yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmada özellikle internet medyasının içeriğinin yeni belirleyicisi olan sosyal ağlar ve diğer web 2.0 uygulamaları hukuki açıdan incelenmiştir. Dolayısıyla da, web 2.0 niteliğindeki “sosyal medya” olarak adlandırdığımız yeni dönem internet sitelerinin kullanılmasıyla yaşanabilecek muhtemel toplumsal ve ekonomik değişimlere değinildiği gibi, bu anlamda gelecekte kullanacağımız web 3.0 niteliğindeki akılı ve/veya yapay zekalı teknolojiler de ele alınmıştır. Türkiye’de henüz “Kişisel Verileri Koruma Kanunu” olmamasından kaynaklanan sorunlar ve ilgili mevcut mevzuat incelenmiştir. Sosyal medya siteleri vasıtasıyla da giderek artan dijital gözlem ve özel hayatın gizliliğinin ihlali konularında Türk mevzuatının durumu göz önünde bulundurularak kişisel veri koruması hukukunun çalışmanın özüyle ilgili kısımlarına ilişkin açıklamalara yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada 5651 sayılı Kanunun yürürlüğe girmesi sonucu gündeme gelen “İnternet Sansürü” konusu, AİHS maddeleri ve AİHM kararları ışığında incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. İnternet sitelerinin erişime engellenmesi tedbirinin bu anlamda doğrudan doğruya insan haklarıyla ilgisi üzerinde durulmuş ve özellikle ifade özgürlüğü ve bilgiye erişim haklarını ihlal ettiği tespit edilmiştir. İnsan hakları ihlalleri ve sansürle mücadele eden aktivizm örneklerine de değinilen detaylı açıklamaların neticesinde; hukuki çözüm olarak ise 5651 Sayılı Kanun’da ve Anayasa’da yapılabilecek yasal düzenleme önerilerimiz sunulmuştur. iii Abstract We believe that Internet is the most important media and communication tool of the era, therefore in this dissertation we shall try to provide the necessary legal point of view within the context of recent developments. A comparative analyses method seemed to us more appropriate for more effective analysis. The social networks and Web 2.0 applications, which are the determining features of the Internet media content, are approached from a legal point of view and thus the potential social and economical changes that might be experienced due to the frequent use of social media tools are discussed. In addition, the artificial intelligence technologies, such as the upcoming Web 3.0 applications are also mentioned. In Turkey, we still do not have “Personal Data Protection Act”. Thus the issues surfaced depending on the lack of required legislations are determined and the ever- increasing digital surveillance and breach of privacy issues are mentioned. Internet censorship has been studied in the view of the European Convention on Human Rights and the verdicts of European Court of Human Rights. Banning websites is one of the precautions, which is directly connected to human rights, especially freedom of expression and the right of access to information. As a result, in this dissertation the legislative contradictions on the mentioned matters in Turkish Law have been analyzed and the current situation has aimed to be presented accurately, including and supported by our amendment proposals for the law in force and the Constitution. iv İÇİNDEKİLER Özet / Abstract..........................................................................................................................................ii İçindekiler ...............................................................................................................................................iv Kısaltmalar Cetveli .................................................................................................................................vi Kaynakça, Elektronik Ağ Adresleri ve Mahkeme Kararları Dizini .......................................................vii I. Giriş ...................................................................................................................................................1 II. Bilgi Toplumu ve Sosyal Medya .........................................................................................................5 A. Siber Alanda Bil(e)bilmek ................................................................................................... 5 B. Medya Olarak İnternet........................................................................................................ 10 C. Sosyal Medya Sitelerinin Hukuki Sorumlulukları ............................................................. 12 D. Yapay Zekalı /Akıllı Sosyal Medya Yazılımları Ve Geleceğin Hukuku ........................... 18 1. Akıllı Yazılımların İnternetteki Artan Rolü ......................................................... 20 2. Yapay Zekanın Tarihçesi ...................................................................................... 21 3. Yapay Zeka Uygulama Alanları ........................................................................... 22 4. Akıllı Yazılımlar Temelinde Hukuki Problem Öngörüleri ................................. 23 E. Sonuç Niyetine .................................................................................................................... 24 III. Sosyal Medyada Kişisel Verilerin Korunması ................................................................................ 27 A. Özel Hayat Kavramı ........................................................................................................... 27 B. Özel Hayatın Gizliliği ve Korunması Hakkı ...................................................................... 28 C. Özel Hayatın Gizliliği Hakkının İletişim Araçlarıyla İlişkisi............................................. 29 D. Kişisel Verilerin Korunması .............................................................................................. 31 E. Kişisel Veriler Konusunda Türkiye’nin Durumu ............................................................... 36 F. Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Konusundaki Tartışmalı Hususların Bazıları ........................40 1. Kriptoloji ............................................................................................................. 40 2. Anonimlik ve Anonim Kalma Hakkı ................................................................... 46 3 Çerezler....................................................................................................................50 G. Elektronik Gözetim ve Kayıtlama ..................................................................................... 52 1. Echelon Sistemi .................................................................................................... 52 2. Carnivore Sistemi ................................................................................................. 53 3. Phorm ....................................................................................................................55 v H. Sonuç Niyetine ................................................................................................................... 56 IV. Sosyal Medyada İfade Özgürlüğü ................................................................................................... 60 A. Türkiye’de İnternet’i Hukuken Düzenleme Çabaları ........................................................ 60 1. Coşkun Ak ve Emre Ersöz Davaları ..................................................................... 61 2. İnterneti Basın Kanunu ile Düzenlemek ............................................................... 64 B. 5651 Sayılı Kanun’la Getirilen Mekanizma ve Gelişmeler ............................................ 66 C. Düşünceyi Açıklama Özgürlüğü ve Erişimin Engellenmesi Kararları .............................73 D. İnsan Hakları Kavramı ve Uluslararası Sözleşmelerde Tarihsel Gelişimi ...................... 75 E. AİHS Hükümleri ve Türkiye’de İfade Özgürlüğü Kavramı ........................................... 76 F. AİHM İçtihadında AİHS’nin 10. Maddesinin Yansımaları .............................................78 G. Avrupa Konseyi Siber Suç Sözleşmesi ve Türkiye ....................................................... 86 H. Sonuç Niyetine ................................................................................................................ 89 V. Sosyal Medya ve Hukuki Düzenlemeler: Mevzuat Çözüm Önerileri ............................................ 99 A. Uyar-Kaldır Sistemi ..........................................................................................................100 1. Erişim Engelleme / Sansür Tehdidi ...................................................................105 2. Kullanıcı İçeriğinin Sorumlusu Kim .................................................................108 B. Sivil Hareketlerin İnternetin hukuken düzenlenmesine Etkileri ...................................... 114 1. Aktivizm Ve Dijital Aktivizm ............................................................................ 114 2. Türkiye’den Bir Örnek İncelemesi: Kartepe Zirvesi .........................................
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