T.H'EBOOK .LOVER'._$..
·.-GUIDE. . TO...... FLORIDA...... •, . ···-·�·-·----·
, ,; EDITED BY KEVIN M.MCCARTHY I
Pinenpplc Press, Inc. Sarasom, Florida I . I •• �· -¢:i: I i 10 THE FLORIDA ,,,,, ..
... PANHANDLE }
DEAN DEBOLT
.:,.-:;-,,,.!-~"'-··, Aj,alacf1icola River Valley
··,,~ Drlvingwcsl on lntcrstOlc 10, doy's 1r:welers cross 1he Apnlachi ~i~~~i\~'?~~~··· ~-
-:. cola River and immediately adjust their watchei. This river mark.s
"·'\. n timc.:a2011cbounda,·y placing much of Florida in the c:lstcro time ... :::.,,, z.oneand the Florida Pnnlmndlc in the c::entrultime 1.one. Yet lhis .....
,j --. river :,nd the Ap:tlochicola River Vall�y hnve played a strategk part in Florida . hhitory. De Soto•s men crossed the river on their trek into the int:rior1 nnd ...... ,. """·- \�I! .... Spanish, British, and Indian residents placed ST<."clt imporl."lnce on the rc "·' &ources of the valley.
'" "' · ~ . For lhe Indians, lhc vnllcy sm·rounded by fertile londs ond lush forest '"' ' ' ~'.l!..:,..,...... , l' ; provided food, ttade goods (fur pelts), and security. During the Seminole Indian wars, 1he Indians used the Ap:tlochicola River valley to evade army
• rcgulm·s who found the junglcHkc terrain nearly impm1s:1blc. Robert Wilder's . ~::t;,,,. ~~\\ ~~/ ',;, Brig!UFearkr (New York: Putnam's, 1948) provides n fiction:tlaccount of life
I .
. ~ ,,~~"''''"'' -A\\ . in this region during the Second Seminole Wnl'. ,., ... ;,.::~~- \\',;.. !\ ... In the 1840s, with the growth of King Cotton n.s the predominantsouthern
I ,.,
._.,...... commodity. the v:illeytook on new iinponancc. The Apalachicola River valley ,.,, . . provided a transporlntion conduit from the: interior of Alabama nnd Georgia ......
. to the Gulf of Mexico. A thriving movement of crops� passengersJ and l>.,.,:t·-•rr.,x,.i}i?~:ir,~~ . commel'CC opened up between Columbus, Georgia the northern terminus of ·A·- J · ..,J -· "· the Ap:.lachlcolnRiver, oml Apolochicola, Florido, 300 miles south on the Gulf •· ......
..... of Mexico.
,.. \ \ When the Civil War broke out, che Confederacy establlshed the Con{cd :::~7,., ·
: crntcNnvy Y:.,rd at ColumbusJ ;-ind mnny of the South's gunboats and ironcfods .... were cOO$lructcd by shipyru·d!i aJ01\g the tlvcr. At the southern terminus, ··" ::..~-··· --- . Apalachlcola had an extensive ,�1lt·m:"iking opcrntion to pl'ovidc provlsion9 for Confederate mlli<>ry forces. Mnxine Turner hos documented the Civil War .. _._.,-,\1:,,·
.. history of lhe valley in N(J.VJ Gmy: A Story of the Crmfaderale NaVJ cm 1M Clialla/1ootlm andApalacliicota Rivm (Tuscalooso, AL: University of Alobama Pres.,, 1988). Dr. Fronk Slaughter, n prolific Florido author, used the valley•• a (Garden ,:·.;:-;:>"'·'
. setting for his fiction about Dr. Kit Clnrk in Stom, flavcn City,NY: ,.
,, Doublcdny, 195S), which is sci in 18G3. Cora Miechcl's ReminiJcences oftlie Civil ...... War (Providence, RI: Snow & famh:un Co., 1916) offers first-hand testimony .... :·-- . :,. ... :) 711E BOOK LOVER� CUil)£1'0 f1.0R1DA TJIE 1'1.0RJDAPANHANDLE oflifcin Columbus and Apol:,chicola up through the Civil Wor by lhc dnughtcr chronicled by Alexander Key (1904- ) in his novel TM Wrath antl tht Wind of Thomas Leeds Mitchel, a cotton mcrchcmt from Connecticut. (Indianapolis: llobbs-Mcrrill, 1949) about lhe fictitious adventures of Maury The Apnlnchicola.River winds its wny sou1h, cutting through the Panhnnd1c St. John, " ,lave-lradcr in Apalachicoln, nnd the destruction of St. Joseph by and broadening ou1 into Apalnchicola Bay before meeting the Gulf of Mexico. yellow fever and a hurricane. It acquired its first newspaper;thc Advertist:T, in Jn 18B2. the county of Faye:Ucw:ls Cl'cated between the Apa1achicoln RivCI' and 1888, to be followed throe years later by the llpulacl,ico/aGazeue, o newspaper the ChipolaRivcr. with a northern boun<.J;u·y of the Alabnma st.1tc Hnc.Just as whose main funcllon was to attack Lhe nearby town of St. Joseph. Il l>ccame quickly, in 1834, Fayette was abolished and became the only Florida county to Florida's fir�t daily newspaper and la.ted from 1839 to 1840. p;LS.$ out of existence; other counties hnvc ci1her been 1·cn.uncd or rccarvcd Alcxnnder Key �lso used Apa.lad,icola as a setting for nnothc1· novel.Island from other countles. Rubylcu Holl's GotlHa.sa Sem,ofHunior(Ncw York, Duell, Light (Indianapolis; Bobbs-Merrill, 1950), which traces the escnpc of Moxi Sloan, 1960) is cenlcred on the Apalachicola Rivercountry, including Calhoun milian Ewing,� Confederate prisoner, from Fort Jefferson near Key West to County and Wcwnhitchkn. St. George Lighthouse on Apalachicola llay. Key is perhaps better known for illustrating olher novels and for his fontasy novel Escnf,e ro Witch Mountain Apalachicola (1968), which wa,made into a Walt Disney film in 1975. Apalachicola is also the setting for intrii,ruc, •m inherited house, ,md n countc1·fciting ring in Locnled on U.S. 98 on the weslcrn edge of Apnlachicoln llay, Apalachicola, Dorothy Worley's Encltanr,dHaroor (New York: Avnlon, 1956). The su1Tound· oncc•thriving port city, is tod�y home to Florida's oyitcr industry. The name n ingarca ls also the selling fo,· 17,e Van11irt1S(New York: Knopf, 1916) by Peggy of this beautiful little town comes from nn Indian word mcanirlg the peopk ,,,. Benneu (192� ) nn Ap;,lachicoln writer; the plot. centers on three orphans th,other sidt, referring to the term used by one lnclian tribe- for another, or i growing up in the late 1980,and emphasizes psychological inte,.,.ction among from an Indian word mcnning allies. Known for its Apalachicola Bay oysten, the ch:1r�ctcrs. town w:.sone of the most lrnpormntcomtnercinl centers of Flor ida in 1he the Apalachicola was also the home of Or.John Corrie, who arrived in 1833 third nnd fourth decade:$ of die nincaccnth cc1ltu1y bccnusc of ils loc.,tion , to P"'cticemedicine. 'The 1843 yellow-fever epidemic Jed him to speculate on southwest of Tallatiassce and near the Gulf of Mexico, After its founding in the fuel tluit yellow feve1· docs not •ecm to cxi,l in dry or cold climates. In 1844 1831, Apalachicola quickly bccnmc the third-lorge.<1 couon-shipping port on he developed a device to circulate ice-cooled air throughout a room to red11cc the gulf. It grew even more when the city of St. Joseph (Jocnlcd 25 miles west the probability of yellow fever; chaffing at the lack of lee, he patented an on St. Joseph's Bay) was abandoned during• yellow-fever epidemic in 1841 artificinl ice-making machine in 1850. Tod�lf vishors c.·m learn more about his and its population moved to Apalnchicola. The booming port period is work at the Corrie State Museum (904/653,934'7). Sec Raymond B. Jlccker's John Gorrie, M.D. (New Yot·k; Corhon, 1972) and V.M. (Vivian M.) Sherlock's The Fever Man (Tallaha,sec: Mcdnllion Press, I 082) for more 11bout this Floridian whose statue is in Statuary 1-Inll :,t the U.S. Capilol in Washington, o.c. Life in Apalachicoln from 1900 to 1917 is recalled in II Florida Snnd[Jip,,r. OrA Fool RusMd In Whe,e llngell Fear lo Tnad (Gainesville: Storter Printing Company, 1982), the au1obiography of ngrlcullut·al tcnche,• George Norton Wakefield ( 1899· ). Wakefielddescribes life in Apalnchicoln, the influence of the Episcopal Church, and th<:islands (St. Vincent, Sl. Geo,·ge, »nd Dog Island) as well ns his late!' years al the Unlvcr.dty of Florida and ns nn agdcultu1·c teacher in other parts of Florida. Several significant authors have lived In Apalachicola. Alvnn Wentworth Chapman (1809,1899), who lived In 1he Chnpmnn Honse on the corner of Broad Street and Ch«tnut Avenue, wrote Flom of lhc Soulhcm Unittd Slores (1883), an important early botanical work about Florida. Teresa Hollowcy (1906- ), who was born in Apalachicola, graduntcd from the Florida Sintc College forWomen (1925)- later Florida State University- and worked as City of AJ>olachlcot:i, 18:'\7 manager of Ilic town'• chamber of commerce (1917-1950); she later moved to Jac'ksonvillc. where $he worked as an �,uthor nnd television documentary writer. She has published 39 novels under her own name and the pseudonyms 'rl/E BOOK LOVEii's CU/DE TO FLOIUDA THE FL0k.ID4 PANHANDLE
Eli.zubcth Bea1ty and M�rgarct Vail McLeod. Some of her novels nrc: set in Flol'ida Press, 1986) by Willium Wnrrc11 Rogers. The fil'st of two planned Florida, forexample Govemnitnl Girl (New York: llouregy, 1957); River in lhe voJumcsJ it covc:n from early explol'-ation of the area to World W.i.rII. Sun by Elizabeth llealty(New Yol'k: Bourcgy, 1958): Th, N11rse on Dark ls/and (New York: Ace, 1969); and II Nurse for 1/ie Fi.shmnm (New Vol'k: Bouregy, St.Joseph 19'71). Her Hearts Haven (New York: Avalon, 1955} is set spcoilically In To the west of Apalachicola, nlong St. Joseph's Bay, is the site of Old St. Apalachicola. Joseph, a town whose hi,iory is cnlwi11ed with Apalachicola. In 1838, SL Jo,eph was the largest town in Florida with 6,000 inhabitants. !Is loc:ition on the Gulf St. Vincent, St. George, and Dog Islam/ of Mexico made it a booming port and, some say, the 1khes1 and wickede,t To the south of Ap11h>chicola and ncross Apnlnchicola Bay lie a small chnin city in theSoutheast. When yellow fever ardvcd aboal'd aSoulh American ship ofbarrier islands: St. Vincent, St. Geo>-ge, andDog Island. Only in recent years in the early 1840s, panic enoued; many abandoned the city and moved to ha.1 attention been drawn to preset'Ving these islands. ns unspoiled natural nearby Apalachicola. The port closed, ships avoided the site, and an 1844 vegetation and animal habit:its. St. Vincent Island h:is had a long reputution hurricnnc finishedoff the dcslruction of the town. This Sodom :md Gornorr..,h for its beauty and wildlife; William 1'cmple Homad:1y (1854-1937) published historyhas inspired a number of writers. Ale<•nder Key wrote '[he W1atl1 and A Mon-0-gmp/1 on & Vincencs Game Pru,rv,(Buffalo, NY: I 909) based on his th, Wind, mentioned e:ll'llcr, and Rubylen Hull, The G1'at .Tid1 (New York, story in the Buffalo &-pm, on Mny 30, 1909; Hornadlly told of the development Duell, Sloan, & Pearce, 191?), which chronicles life in St. Joseph in the of the game preserve by Dr. luy V. Pierce. In recent years, the:'.SL Vincent micl-1830sthrough the adventures of Cnline Cohrnn. National Wildlife Refuge hn, been established to protect the Island, which it still acccs.siblc to visitors but onty by bonr and under controJled conditions. P"'"l St.Joe Jock Rudloe (194S-) of Panncen has done much to encournge the protection With the boom in nav<1I stores in the cnrly twentieth century. the area of these nreasj Iii" description, of Apnt:u:hicoln nnd Choctawhatchcc B:\y were around Old St.Joseph saw the emergence of manufacturing plnuts for fish oil published in rus TheWildeme.ss Cu«st: Adventures of aGulf Coast Natt1rali.!1 (New I nnd fcrtili2crs. A town ;md port facilities grew up .u·otmd these companies, and York: Dutton, 988}. this area, fivemiles north ofOld St. Joseph, beca·me known a.,Port St. Joe ..In Dog Island has a somewh:.i.t mo1·c lu,·id history, beginning when n ship. Le 15 1938, the Port St.Joe Paper Mill opened and becnmc one of the largest paper Tigre, founderedon• rcefnenr the island in 1766 and survivors made it to milb in Florida to manufacture kmfl pilper. Today, over 1,000 people live In Dog Island, where Jndi:ms found them. The Indians took six .survivors to Port St. Joe. another island where they robbed and nbnndoncd them. These si>< were the captain of Lt Ti{i't, his wife and son, together with Vinud, his black slave, and Panama City a busincs$. pnr1ncr (Dc.sclnu).Cnptaln La Colllurc and Descli\U drowned while paddling a rotten canoe. The other fou1· m;idc a raft to travel to the mainland, Panama City, on SL And1·ews llay,67 miles wcsl ofApalachieoli\ on U.S. but young La Couture was sick and had to be left behind. l'our days l,ter, Viaud 98, is the county scat of Bny County (named forSt. Andrews llay), created in 1913. The western po1·tlon ofPan:imn City, o.-iginally the town ofSt. Andrews, and the widowJ who were .stm·ving, killed the slnve nnd ntc him. A party of soldiers from SL Marks Fort a1 Apalachc discovc ..cd the pair after nnolher ten was promotedand laid out by lheSt. Andrews Bay bnd and Lumber Company in the late 1880s. Three miles easL of St. And,·cws, the town of Panama City days •nd 1he11 re.cued young I,:, Couture. In 1768, the French book Nau.fmg, ,1 avcntum da M. Pi,m Viaud, naeifde 1· was developed in 1905 and possibly wa, named for being north of Pa,,ama B01deaw,, capilaine denavire was publi,hed, telling the talc of three sun>ivors City, Panama. Other small towns along this stretch included Millville, Lynn of this shipwreck: young Viaud. the newly widowed captain's wife, and the Haven, and Springfield, but a 1925 legislative ac1 merged nil of them Into black slave. The book scandnlizcd Europe with its gruesome talc of stmvation. Panama Cily. cannibalism, and more 1han a hint of sex. For several centuries, it was The St. Andrews Bay area has long been a majo,· lumbering and naval considcrc-d fiction until Auburn University professor Robin FubcJ stumbled . ,tores 1·egion. The ConfcdcrnteSall Works wns established nearby to supply across documents which lent vcrnciLy10 the story. His discovery and an English the military and was one of the k,rgesc such operation., in the South. Dudng translation were published as Shipi,mckand Advcn1um ofMonsirur Pit:r1t Viaud the Civil War, SL Andrews Bny was a11 important port of the Unionblockade (Pensacola: University of West Flol'ida Press, 1990). of the South, especially with £1·c11ucn1 fcde1-:il('lids on the salt works. See Stand The history ofSt. George Island and Apalachicola appears in Outposts on By tht Union (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1892) by Oliver Optic, n pseudonym 1/ie Gulf: Saini George Island and Ap<1/ac/1itola (Pensacola: University of West for William Taylor A.d•ms (1822-1897). The story, part of the Blue m1d Cray series. tells chc story of Christy Pnssford. n young commander in lhc Union Tl/li ROOK I.OPEil'S CUIDE TO f."WRl{)A 1'HEFLORIDA PANHAND'l,.£
blockade of St. Andrews l!ay and Pens,cola Bay who thwal't.s the plans of his deltaforms; and Stdge-Hi/1Setter ( 1960), a ••le of a boy and his setter pup, set Confederate cousin lo take over his ship. "East of Memphis and South a little." Newspaper editor George Mortimer West (1845-1926) frequently wrote Cl:wcncc Earl Gideon of P:m;lmn Clty. Flotida1 hns been immorlali�ed in about the historyof
Nearby Choctawhatchcc Boy i, bordered by white sand benches nnd long arrived in Pensacola n.s n confid:mt of nnd diplon1n1lc officer far Andrew stretches of shallow w;,ter lending 1hemsc:lve.t lo wading. shell collecting, and Jackson in 1821, had already achieved notoriety as a writer; his Hi&t,,ryof the water nctivities. This area has always been known for ju bc:u1ty. An cm·lyvisitor. Lat, War, 8,tw,n, th, Un/ltd State, 4,id Great Britain. .. (1$[7) on the War of R.C. Irwin wrote Life and Scmes of the B.autiful Cho,tarvliatrhee (Pensacolo, 1812, subsequently ms translated into French nnd ltalinn. Hi. Vi""'of L<>UiJ� 1900), a collccllon of poems uncl small photog,·nph• t>kcn with a Kodak box ana, logtther with ajournulof a VIYJllg• up the Missouri Riverin 1811 (1614) was camera, Nell K, Wolker used the area for some of hco· lictionol Opni Vistas one of d1c first narratives to describe the cnstc!'n fringe of' the Louisiana (New York: Vantage, 1951). More recently, Lhe Nonhwest Flol'ida Water Purchase and wa.s noteworthy for its description of the Indian mounds at Management Disu·lct hat colleclctl ond hlstor� interviews and •·ccolleclionst Cahokia, Illinois, across the Mississippi fromSL Louis. In 1820, he told of his published as llfatori,al Rememhran,csofChoctaruhut,Joee BaJ (Hnvann, FL, 19$5) diplomatic mission to South America in Voyag,fa Bt1e11osAym Ptrfonnad in th• edited by Ja,ne• H. Cuson. l'ean 1817 and 1818, byOrder oft/it Amtri<"11 Govmiment (1820). Brnckc:nridgc became intc1·csted in 1hc prieservation of live-oak trees to Fort Walton Beach provide a source of timber for the U.S. Navy. Jn the 1820,, Amedcnn shiP> could require upwards of 2,000 pounds of live-ook timber fo1· a ship; live onk At the western end of the Emernld Coast, where Choctawhatchce Bay w.u preferred as it g·rcw slowly nnd wns vc1·y dense and hei,vy. Thi.,wood caused meets Santn Ro.sn Souncl (scvc:n miles wcJ:it of Destin :md 60 mileSi wc3l of cannonballsto bounce offAmr::ricnn ships nnd g.wc rise to the name Ironsides, Panomn Cily) is the city of Fort Wnlton Beoch. Originally a summer resort Brackenridge purchaseda lnrgctract of the peninsula land, most of which l't'as known as Camp Walton, the town was ,·enamcd in 1932 to tionor the old covered by llve-onk forest, nnd buih n plnnt.·nion, adding Jen1on, orange, and Seminole: Wur fort nt this .!lite. As bench tom·hm s,vclled Jn the 1950s, Fort peach trees. The plantation did not do well and, in 1827, he decided 10 sell his Walton became Fort Walton Bench. From a population of just 100 in 1939, land to the federal government. The land w:upurch ased and hns remained in ForL Walton B�ach has grown into "' majoa· metropolis, providing support federal hands ,incc 1828. His "Letter on the Culture of Uvc Oak," wl'ltten services to iervice personnel ,1nd families at nearby Eglin A,r Force Base and from St. Rosa (Gulf Breeze peninsula) to Secreu,ry of Navy Southard is the tourist facilities for thousands of snowbirds: northcrne1'S who winter under the fint documentation in Amcl'icnn history of forest conservation. He urged warm Florida sun. Recollections of the history of this area, including folklore, purchase of the land to provide the government with a ,upply of wood and have been published as CainJ, Walton tu Fon Walton B,ucl, (Fol't Walton Beach, farming techniques Eo ensure replanting and new growth for rcprovisioning. FL: The Service Le1lgue, 1987). For a study of the area's native plants and 1 Brackenridge'• "Llve Oak" lcucr was published in his Speecl,,s on tJ.. J•w Bil� wildflowers sc:ei:unny-,Fcrn Davis s Nature'sSeasonal Splendor {Vnlpm-:,,isa1 FL: intht Howe ofDti4gtJ.fes of M4ryland... (1829), • collection of his spccchc., and FloridaFederation of Garden Club,, 1988). writings. Ironically, the forestwas never needed; sted soon replaced wood in American vcs1sel1, and the Naval Live: Oaks Rc:serv:,tion rcmninc
, "' I •• +: :~ ·.- , : ;•, • : • for retax:itlon. A number of w1·ltcr1 h�wc ma.de Cul£ llrc:c�c thefr home. Jim ·.J.' ... ·.:. ..· .. .· ~ . . . drm't'lngw<\S used as the bMi.sfor McDudc, fo1'mcr ccJitoi· of the G1,IJ Drtn:t StmHnel, has publiihed scvcrol n short-lived reconstructed mpilations of his newspaper columns: MJ I.a,un Mower Died and Other Strmts c Sp:inishvillage on thcisl;mddur- co ·.. : ·;_:·��\:-�\,.�.:f .. ��r�!\9_�·7J�·� · (Gulf Breeze, FL: Sandspur Pre.,, 1981) and Mort of tl,eSwff I Wfolt IJefor, J · ing the Florido quodrkcntcnninl :,; ::F: � .J};S:'.1'<:.l)1·.fp ,Q •VJ�. R Y, Got Fainou.s(Gui[ Breeze, FL: Sandspur l'l'css, 1988). Other area Wl'ilcrs who in 1 regularly contribute columns to lacru publiciitions like the GulfBreer.< Sentinel, : 9s;:to Rosa lsl:md rem•ined P1n.ractJla Mc,gazint. '. i <}·'} '/t,/\:;.-. : __.' -:,\ .• ·.. and othcl' works Include DonnB Frc:ckma.mJ and Doug : ·:.,. l:fA.TU RA)'.,: JU ST .0 R:.Y•.. · nbondoncd until 1826, when the Adams. PlaywrightCrace Thompson hns authol'cd play,; centering on histori · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · ··· · · U.S. Army began ca1,structian ... .. ·o , cal persanruitics such as Louisa May Alcott (11ie Marci, Si
South of Cu1f Rrccz:c, across the Bob Sikes Bridge, lies the bara'icJ' island '•ttor:,"'':'''':rrr1j1,M!n-i&o1�!&""��·. l'11.1•11� of Santn Ro,n. The eastern part of the isl.\nd ·i.s p:trt of Eglin Air Force Base i�i���r�:.. .. ·.�·.�ff:�.b!fu,r.,;iOfft{tl,�O..i«q,·. . . t§i��Atlnndc and gulf shores. Fort 1/,.1 Pickens, along \'lith sister foru and contains rad.a•· fac.Hities scanning the gulf and the Cm·ibbenn1 and the :. ";..;.:,P.t'i/i:)t\''$..,qi�;- �_.;..�; . ,.i,.,·�.: · · :· ... :,· ...... : . . . . McRee (to the west of Pickens. western p:nt (between Nnvarrc :md Pcn,mcola Bny) is pnrl of the Gulf Ishmds · r ::,'·· . : .. • ·., · •. . ..• · •· . .• , 011 the opposite side of J>cnaa· National Seashore. Santa Rosa Island extends 60 miles eastW�l'd from Pensa · ·L ·.O:)<· _.t>':.ct 11'· •· •• • ••· n:,'11111· � T. Ji,"o 1t,<.:1utt.,,Q-6. cal•,n P•,•• ss) and Barran'"•....,, (ta the cola Bay to Fort Walton Beach nnd is noted for lu sug•u)' white sands and v,, . · ·' ·l.lmt:nut:: . nol'thwest of Pickens, on the p1·l.iinc bc;oches. Pierre Frnncois Xavier de Chorlcvoix (1682-1761) dc•cribcd . , I ofWlllt:am ttobcrl$ 176;i n:uur:&I hls1ury maJnkmd)providcd three fordfi- a visit to the Island (and Pensacola and St. Joseph) ln Jaunial of a Vo,age to !� ��:;:: North,America (London: P1fated fo,· R. a11dj. Dod,ley, 1761). Americ:m painter cauons
1890) News and William C. Holbrook's A Narrative ofthe Servicesof the Officers obsolete; it became a stote pnrk in 1949 and is today administered by the 7th' Regim.ent of Vnmotll Vo{urrt,er.r... a, ... (New York: American �nnk N�tc Co.. National Pnrk Service part of the Culf Islands Nation:U Seashore. 1882), and William Lawrence H•skht's Th, fl!srory of the F,�st Reg,,ncn1 of artillery 1878). \113$ ... (Portland, Maine, Haskin'• ,·cgm,�m 011g1n:tlly ordered Pensacola to Fort Pickens in Oc,obe,· 1845 during the Mcxtcnn -'r nn lso s rvcd ':V � ? � Possibly the oldest Europe.,n fiction story concerning West l'lorida io the during the Civil War; his book longer perspecuve of military hfc on r provides a Welsh legend ofPrince Madog ub Gwcnnyd. According to clahns of ichad the ishmd. R Hakluyt (l'ri11cipallNat1igations... l.ondon, 1589), based on Welsh banhc poems Life w.u not dull al Fort Pickens. Among the arriving troops were the of Meredith ap Rhys (circa 1477), Madog or Madoc ,ailed west to the New infamous Captain Billy Wilson's Zouaves (Sixth New York egiment), a u it � '.' World; traveled along the gulf coast, and finally settled on Mobile Bay. known for its devilment. drinking, und mischief. Most nil 1·cgunental hlstor1e, Numerous scholars, including Thomas Stephens, Robc1·t Re.l, and Dean about Pcns"cola touch on the activities of this omfit. but pcL·hap., none atch � DcBolt, have debunked the legend, but it m:\kes fo,· an exciting u.le. See Joan the bre-�dth of a series oflcclcrs of theJesuit pl'iest, Michael Nash, chapl,in to r Da.nc•sPrin,:e Madog. Discovt!rerof America (IlO$lOn1 MA: EvcrCtt Pubrlshing Co., the Zoauvcs. His 11 le1tcrs f om Snnt:, Rosa bland to fellowJesuits and frl nds � 1901-1916) and !Wen Pugh's /Jmve His Soul(New York: Dodd, Mead, 1970) in New York were published in the Wood.!toth Le/Im (1887-1890), n nvate � about Madoc's exploits, Jesuit historical journnl. Another sou>'ce is ReroUretiom ofa Ch';"•m_cl Lift /,ya · Nevertheless, Pensacola cnn dttim to be the oldest Eul'opei\n city in the Good Tetnplor (N:o[>ance, On��•·lo: 1868). Ahhough the nuthor os, um entllicd, , � UnitedStates because Trist.-.n de Luna bl'Ought 1,500 colo nists into Pensacola it is generally accepted tohe S T. Ham o d, a cots!'1 " who em1gr3ted to . : � � � � . Bay in 1559, The settlement Li.stcd only two yc:u·.s nnc.1 Pensacola wa$ not New York in 1850 �l\d enlisted m Cnpuun Billy Walson t Zouavcs. The book 1s 0 n resettled until the 1690s. Pc::nsacolians conlinurilly m1snil St. Augusdnc'� clnitn mainly a tcmpcrnncc :account of Hammond•s battle with deenon nun but has to be 1hc oldest city by appending the tern, pem1anen1. St. Augustine was setlled some good account.sof life in the Zouav�s on Sant."\ R .s..'\Island a d later the � ? in 1564, five yenr:s nftcr Pensacola, but the former seulemcnt per.severed, Pens:,cola m;,inland when the fcdcL·t'll9 captured the ctty. The nm.Joi·accoun t _ making SL Augustine the oldest pmnnnent European cityin the United �tates. of the unit remains Gouverneur Morris"s The Hi.story of a Volunteer Reg,• . De Luna's nttempt failed bec,mse • hurrlc.1ne destroyed h15 ships and ment. ..Known aJ J.Vilscm's ZouatMs ... (New York: Veter;.m Volunteer Publishing Indians refused to help lhc inhabit:mrs secure fooJ and informa11on, Agu�tin Company, 1891) and touches on lhc theatrical progrnms performed by mcm� Davila Padilla (1562-1604}, archbishop of Santo Domingo, wrote the history bers of the company while in Pensacola, ofthe de Luna expedition in his flisloria de wfi1111/acion:,diseuno tlda prouinela Many narrative reports :md drawings oC Santn Rosa ls.land, P nsacola � de Sanliago ck Mexico... (Madrid, 1596). It !s more fontasy thnn reaHty, s it Harbor, and Fort Pickens appeared in fl Bowen-Merrill Co., 1899) i, a fictionnl nccount of French notivitics in the Another compnnion of Johnstone wns Archibald Cumpbcll ( 1726?-1780). sctdcmcnt of Biloxi and capture of Pensncola. Spain recaptured Pensacola in The son of aScouish minister. Campbell spent most ofhis lifeat seo ns a purser 1722 and finallyrclinqui,hcd the region lo England In I 763. Sec nlso Willlam on His Majesly's ships. Nicknamed HHorrible" because of 0thc malignancy of Edward Dunn's Spanishand French Ri®l ryin 1/u, Gulf&gitm of the United Stoles, hls heart [nnd] terrificcountcnnncc," Campbell clnimcd he '1 hnd the hnppincu 1678-1702 (1917; reprinted Frcepor<, NV: !looksfo1· Librnries Press, 1971). to live widl" Johnstone in Pensacola where he �so b-ecame fu.miliar with With this new territory, King George Ill established the roynl colony of Macpherson. In their deb111c, about Macpherson's poem,, Campbell wrote British West Florida,England's first colony west ofthe Appalachians. With its that Johnstone extolled them "more thnn he might really think they dcseive, capit:,t at Pcnsncol:i, the colony included the lnnds of ,outhcastern Louisiana, and I depreciating them as much." While in Pensacola, Campbell wrote two the lower half of prcsent,dny Mississippi ond Alabama, nnd Florido to the manuscripts. InLexipl,antJ, the bo1·cd ,nilor 11ttncked the currently fachionablc Apalachicola River. writing style. In the .,tire The Sale ofAillho,s, he ,-,,ilcd against such nu tho,. ns Interest in the nc:w .. fourteenth" colony w�s met by scattered cffort.s of Samuel Johnson. Campbell late,· published these books in London, and his British writers to incorporate West Florida history, geogrnphy, botany, and Sal, of Jlutl,ors (London: 1767) is dedicntcd to Johnstone nnd iv.ts probably folklore into $Omething akin to tr:wcl guides. London magnzlncs contained written in Pensacola between 1764 and I 76!i.We,;t Florida, becauseit did not article, such as "Some Account of the Government ofEnst nnd West Florid;1. .. " l\aVc" printing press, possibly mlsscd out on the opportunity of printing chose in Gentleman� Mag0%int (Novcmbel' 1763); "Floridn Being Now in Our Posses two early works. For more aboutJohmtonc •cc Robin F.A. Fabel'• Bomha. The logbook of thi• ship hiis survived (in the University of West Florida library) CrcekJ wa.'i Willi:-1m Augustus Bowles, whose flamboy;mt visit to London in and has been published as Th• Log of H.M.S. Mentor, 178(H781 (Pensacola: 1791 elccu·ified Londoners. His self-aggrandizing memoirs. A.utl,e.71lic Memoin University Presses of Florid.,, 1982) edited by Jnmes A, Servi<•. The ship'• of William Augustus Dooules (London: R. Faulder, 1791) by Benj•mlu Boynton, captain, Robert Dc.-n.s, ;ipp:1rcnlly ,ook the log b:\ck to Engl.md with Mm. for were rushed into print to tnkc advantage of English curiosity; a novel about it appears to have been used as Mrs. Deans' recipe book aftc,· 1781. Another him is Jo•epli Millord's Ti le In credible William Bowles (Philadelphia: Chilton book about this period Is N. Orwin Ru•h's Spain�Final Triuinpll OUerGnal Books, 1966). Britain in tit, Gulfof Mexico (Tallahassee: Florida Smte University Press, 1966). The story of an American priV:\tecr in waters off Spanish-held Pensacola Other sources for the Revolutionary War period in West Florida include is told In Albert W. Aiken's _(1846-1894) The Winged Wl,ak; or;Red Rupert. of lM Th• Sieg, of Mobik, 1780 (Pens:,cola: l'c1-dido Bny Press, 1982) nnd TM Si,g, of Gulf(NewYork, Bc:1dlc ond Adorns, 1876), one of the mony dime novels of p,nsacola, 1781 (Pens.,cola: Pcrdido Bay Press, 1981) by University of West the 1870,. Aiken wrote over 125 books for Beadle & Adams, some under other Flol'ida professor WilliAm S. Cokct� Siege! (Pcnsncoln: Pcnsncohi Historical n;11nell. Society, 1981), " collection of historical essays edited by Virginia S. Parks; Another novel about the southwestern frontier (1790-1815) is Odell CaltmialPtnsa co/a (Hattiesburg, MS: Univer ,ity of Southern Mississippi Press, Shepard "nd Willord Shcpord's Holdf:mish. and lndinn rcprcscntn.dv cs. the Sot Other fot'ms of enter given a jail sentence and fine. His en&e was cJo:,cly chronicled in the northern tainment included the thea abolitionist press including William Lloyd Garrison's The Liberal,,,- nnd Tlie ter. An 1892 :mccdotal lheat Emancipator. Possibly his worM punh1hmcnt was to be branded on the h:uld )ft:;::·· rlcal journey through the with the letters SSfor slave scc:,lcr. \�I... ; J1f · ,., , Creek Nation i• recorded by ·.·. ··...... Finally freed, Walker returned to New England and wrote hi.s Trial and Solomon Franklin Smith Imprisonnuntof Jonathan Walk,r, at Pensacola, F/JJrnta,JorJ\iding Slav,s to Escape (1801-1869), a stag,x:ompany .fromBonda8"(1845; reprin1ed Gainesville: University Presses ofFlorida, 1974). manager� in his autobiogra- Walker•s ill ucatmcnt in Pensacola and horrifying disfigurement .shacked phy, T/u:olrirat Monat''"""'' in many northcrncrs.Jolm CrccnlcAfWhiuicr composed n popular poem, "The Ille West and Sout/1for TllirlJ Branded Hand," which appears in the second edition ofWalker's book (1846). Yea>Y (1868; New Yo,·k: 11. Walker hhnsclf joined the abolitionist lecture circuit, dlsplnying his branded Blom, 1968). Smith was in hand nnd inching nbolilioc\ist emotion. He allowed his hrmd to be photo Sll"umenml in ,he dcveloP" graphed by the daguerreotype firm of Sou1hworth and Howes, providing one mc-nt or the:ltcrs in the 0£ the c11rlic:lit conceptual po1'trnit:I lo show o. pnrt of the:human body; .sec soucheil.'itern frontier indud Robert A. Sobieszck and Odette M. Appel', Th• Spirit ofFact (Boston: Godine, i ng Mobile, l)latchcz, St. 1976). Philip Van Doren Stern wrote a fictional account of this episode in his Loub, and otlicr cities, A 111, Dru,,u of Moming (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Dornn, 19�2) about companion view is provided Jonathan Brad£ord, an abolitionist leader in the period, 1837-1860. by Noah Miller L"dlow Walker.was not the only northerner lO t'.ill o.ttcn�ion to the slavery issue ( 179!H886), :o fonncr busl in Pemncola. A brickmakcr,John Willi111nson Crnry, Sr. (1814-1897), come to nes. partner of Smith, in his Pensacola in 1857 to the firm of Bacon nnd Abercrombie. The firm held a Drmnatic Life As l �'ound It contract to provide millions of bricks for Forl Jdftr.on near Key West and (1880; Bronx, NY: B. Blom, other government construction projects but could not produce quality bricks 1966), comidered one of the rapidly enough. Crary invented a brick-making machine which appeared on Octavia W:iltonLe Vert best stage histo.,ics ever wrhtcn tbc cover of Scimtif'1eA,nniean,Jnnuary 5J 1861. Ctnry•s manuscript mcinoit·a, and a major source for a social history of the Old Sou1hwcst. Ludlow, written In the 1890s, have been published as Reminisce'/lcesojthe OldSouth from influential in the Mobile, Alobama, theater, considered Pen.acola to be lhe El J8'J4 to 1866 (Pensacola: Perdido Bny Press, 1984) and ·equally detail hi.s Dorado of the South. concern over lhc plight of 1hc slaves in the South. Pensacola's rough reputation nnd predominantly Catholic population With the elec1ion of President Lincoln in lnte 1860, Florida joined the new were a naturAl magnet for rc:1igious mlssion;u'tCs. Saril Jen.king's Saddllbag Confederate SL>ltes of America. Pensacoln promised 10 become a major port Pamm (New York: Crowell, 1956) tells 1hc story of the fictionnl J,o·ecl Crit1en- for lhc new government :md thous;inds of troops were rushed to the city to . den, newly convefted to Methodism. and his difficulties as the first Methodist secure its facilities. Fort Pickens, guarding the e11trance to Pensacola harbor, circuit J'ider in west Floridn in chc 18SO-s. Ncvcrthclc:ssJ Pensacola temains remained securely in Union handsJ and after an unsuccessful attempt to home lo one of the oldesl Cntholic churches in Florid• whose story is told in capture the fort in 1862, Confedcrmc force• nb11ndoncd the :irca. Federal Mary Merritt Oawkins's The Parish of Saint Micllaet the Arcilangel: TIIITFirst forces continually occupiedthe nearly deserted city until the war's end in 1865, Hundn:d Year,, 1781,1881 (rciuncoln: University ofWcu Florida, 1991). One intct"esting literary product ofthis period is Adrift on lhe Black Wild Tide While the popuhuionw-as small, there was jncl'cnsing demand forlabor (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1879) by Jomes Johnson Kane (1837-1921). bpur on the docks, at the Pensacola Navy Ym-d, and in the new brickyard, along porls ta be a vision of a soul's journey to heaven experienced by Kane while EscnmbinBay. Slavc-owning,·csidcnts ofrcn c:"lrntdincome renting thcit·slavc.s ill wlth yellow fever In Pensacola in 1863. An 1896 reprint alluded to thi• to the navy or local businesses. Thus, abolitionists, like Captain Jonathan experienceas a nautical version of Pilgrim� Progrtn. Kane claimed his experi W.Jkcr of Massachuseus, who lived in Pensacoln from 1837 to 1843, were ence inspired him to preach about it on 20 different occasionsand a version considered a threat to economic livelihood. In 181'1, he retui·ncd to Pcnsncola was published in the New York Herald in Mm·ch 1874. The Union blockade of and onJune 22, 1844, sailed from the harbor, cal'l·ying seven black slaves. He Pensacola harbor is recounted in Oliver Optie's Stand BJ the Union (Boston: attempted to 1·c-nch the Bnhnmas, but .suffered a imnstrokc, and his bont W'.1$ Lee and Shepard, 1892). Rccollectio,u of a Pensacola-born soldier, beginning .seized andreturned lo P<:nsacoln.He ,vns dlru·gcd with stenling.slnYc3, nt1rrowly with his service in Pcn:sacoh\, i\l'C told in Henry H. Baker'$ two-volume A avoided being lynched, was placed in a pillory and pelted with rotten eggs, and RnninisuntStory oftlle Greot Civil War (New Orleans: The Ruskin Press, 1911). -'n..:. DVVA LVlfJ:.l('.) t>UJt)l:. .£U 1-·t,Ul{ll)A THE FLORIDArANHANDLE Pcnsacoln author Fr-.isicr Franklin Bingham wrote Aslaore al Maiden� Walk Couricr-Jounuil Pr<:15, 1877) nnd Pru:ts A/1oul Florida (New Yor : cw Y rk � � , ':' (New York: Broadway Publishing Co., 1913) obouL the ficlitional adventures Economi Pensacola author Frasier Franklin Bingham wrote AshO'rc al Maiden S Walk Courier:Joum•I Press, 1877) and Fa,;tsAl1out Florida (New York: New York (New York: Broadway Publishing Co., 1913) about the ficlitlonal advcntw·es Economkal Printing Co., 1885). Readers of fine pdnt could spot Chipley's title of a Pensacola blockade-runner ::md tu 1·ctm·n lo Pensacola hm·bor in 1865. as manoger for land soles for the Louisville nnd Nruihville Railroad. His Ernest F, Dibble'• Ante-b,ltu,., Pmsacolo and the Military Prruenee (Pensacola: biography is told in Lillian n. Champion'• Giant Traching(Pine Mountain, GA: University of West Florida Press, 1974) is about the area before the Civil War. L.D. Champion, 1985). Charles Henry llllss (1860-1907), one-time mayor of Between 1865 and 1920, Pcn&aco)n grew from a small town into"" Ul'bttn Pensacola, began publishing Bliss'Quartctlj, a nmgatlnc of lilerature, but full sprawl. The tram-Panhandle railroad w•s completed in 1882, linking the city of historical and promotional plcccs about Pensacola's natural resources and with Jacksonville and establishing a doze1) new cities in we.i Flol'ida. See Iron business opportunities. l'ensncola in 1880 is reflected in On, oftJ1e Dua= Hurse in th• Pinelan1/s (Pensacola: Pens•coln Hi,tol'icnl Society, 1982) for 1he (Philndclphia: Llppincon, 1886), a novel about a 1,orthcm girl's ocnrch for full history of this effort. 11,e milrond l>1·ough1 trnvelers to Pensacola, and romance. ,hip1ne1us of gold. money, nnd goods bccnrnc the: tnl'gct of outlaws. See the P1-ogrCMlvism found a nntut'al outlet injounmlism. Mol'e Pensncola news aulobiogr.iphy Tlrt Life offo/111 We,/'}' H<1rdi11 (Seguin, TX: Smith & Moore, papen were established in the 1880s and 1890s than in ony period before or Died 'their 1896) and They With Boots 011 (New Yo,·k: Doubt.dny, 1935) by since. Inventor John Williamson Crary (1814-1897), at v,rious times on the '11,om.. Rlploy (1895- ) for the ,1ory of oullt1w John Wesley Hai·din, whose cdltorlal staffof three different Pcnsa(:oln papers, \ts-cd the columns to discus.:& gang was e:>prurcd In Pen>acol,iin 1877. commercial t.,.riffs, th t: circulation of money, the eight-hour workday, and The railroad made possible the development or lumber c<;>mpanies by other progressive lde,ls. His Sixt,> Year., a Brich Maher: A Praclical 1'r DailyNews were publiohcd a, nn nnthology in Tire Invi,ible City: A Now York County deputy sl1criff :ire reca.Hcd in Don Pnrkci:r's coJlcctcd stories, Yo u•n Sketclabook (1980). A good history of the city i, Luciu,, and Linda Ellsworth's Under An'tsf, I'm Nol Kidding (Pensacola: Caroldon Books, 1988) and Ojfie er Pensacola: Tht D ..p Wa ter City (Tulsn, OK: Contlnc11t11I Heritage Press, 1982). Needs ,A.,lstance: Again (Pcmacola: C:oroldon Books, 1990); the biography of Pensacola writers include Evelyn. Duhl, wl,osc Belle ofDtJliny (New York: Trader Jon (Martin.Weissman) and his famous "aviator watering-hole'• is told Greenberg, 1958) is a fictionalized account of the life of Oct.,via Walton Le in Ttt,dt:rJon (Memphis, TN: Castle Books, 1986) by Fred Brown. Vert. Fl orence Ch,ui Pulrncr's, Lifi mul Min Ctlt.slt (lndi;mnpolis: Bobbs-Mer· Wl, ite Wings iri Barn/100 Land (E.mmlisburg, MD: St. Joseph'• Provincial rill, 1937) is nbout two spinsters who mnintain their indcpendcr,ce and intercot House Pres,, 1973) covers the experiences in China, 1925,1945, of Pcnsacol:,, in life despite their poverty during the Great Depression; her Sp ring Will Come author Clara Groell (1882-1980), a member of the D:,,ughtcrs of Chal'ity of St. Again (lndinoapolis: Bobb,..Mcl'l'ill, HMO) tell• of life io the Alnbnmn cotton· Vincent de Paul; Jo,nca R. McGovern'• Bl11ck Eagl,, Gmon'al Daniel ''Chappi," growing black-belt during the R«:onstntction. Elna Stone's gothic romances Jama. Jr. (University, AL: University of Alnbnmn Press, 1985) tells the life ofa include TheSecret of the WiUo,01 (1970); Dark M11Sq11m1dt (1973); Wl,ispero/Fear bl ack Pcnsacolinn who becomes :. four.stargencr;,l. A more chming autobiog• (1973); and TheVis ions ofEsmam (1976). raphy is Kill th• M,uen .. ger: One Man� Figlt1 again.st Bigntry and Greed (Atlanta: Compilations of newspaper columns by Pensncola journ,Ji,Ls writing Peachtree Publishers, 1989) by Ken H, Fortenberry, managing editor of the aboul Pcn&acola. politics, and other a1·ta toplCs Include humorist Mark Plt Ua�/a Nwr,.jo urnal; Fortenberry tells the storyof corl'Uption in politics in O'Brien's Sana inMy Shoe,;A Fo r,11er Bn slouian � Rtjlec1io111 about Lifs a/l)flg rhs McCormick, South C•1·olino, and his fight for freedom of the press that led to \Vest Floridiland Sout/1 Alabama Gulf Coa,t(Pensncola: rcnsncola News-Journal, his intel'view on CDS-'fV's 60 Mintllts in 1987. 1984) aod Pe11sacola on My Mind (Pensacola: Pensacola Ncws�ournal, 1987); Juvenile ficlion by Pensacola nuthors include, Celia Myrover Robinaon's ;,!so Dot Brown's A Crother Cntmb Troil: Lalce Okeechobee to Soldier Cnek RCll)Jena:SHapp;, Sum mer(Chicogo: Rnnd McNally, 1912); Gene S. Stuart's Three (Pensacola: Pensacola Press Club, 1986), an anthology of her wit and humor. Little In dians (Washington, DC: N:1ti0MlGeographic Society, 197-1) desc,·ibing Pcnsncofa physicfon and world·travclc1· Arthur J. D\llt's columni have been life for children in Cheyenne, Creek, nnd Noolka Indian tribes; University of collected in his The Best of A.OK Butt (Pensacoln: Pfeiffei- Pt'inting, 19'15). West Florida graduate '£. Paul Braxton'• The Bubble and Burp Mai:hine (Mari• Another newspaperman. Arthur E. Cobb 1 a manngillg editor of the Pensacola nnna, FL: Hermit Pre.. , 1986); McMllhm ,chooltcachcr Dorothy Cawlhon's Jo urnal,<1 Uthorcd Go Gaton! (Pen,acoht: Sunshine Publishing Compony, 1966), Pedro the Pig (New York: Exp osition Pl'ess, 1960); nnd Cynlhia Brosnaham the officio! history of University of Florida football, 1889-1966. Richardson's Susie Cw:umbcr; She Writes Lcum (New York: S. Gabriel Sons, Newspaper editor Jeno Earle llowden(1928- ) has authored " number of 1944) obout the letter-writing cnmpnign of a little dog - the book was so west Florido books including Al,,xiy, the Rio,rs Fl ow; Dtlib""1tely a Mnn oir popular thnt numerous lcuers were sent to Richardson over the ye:,,rssimply (Pensacola: University of West Florida Foundati on, 1979), a collection of essays nddrcsscd to Susie Cucumber. about west Flol'ida supplemented by cdltol'inl c:u·toons dtn,Vn by Bowden and Works set in nnd around Pcnsacoln include Anna Cosulich1.s n,, B4luof taken from the pages of the Prnsacola N=Joumal. Hi, Th• Writ, Wo1: Editor's Pe nsa"/" (Cincinnati: Editor Publi•hing Co., 1898), :,,fictionnl account of life G,,idebookJo , Stud,nts of Wril ing (1990) g,·ew out of his journnlism instruccion In the city in 1895; Pensacola in the 1940s during World War II i, revealed in nt the University or Weit Florida. Bowden has nlso written for the Pcnsacol:t l/,P011l ;,, Hasts (1lo,ion: Little, Drown, 1945) by John Phillips Marquand . Historical Society, including the text of its ,ecent photographic histo,-yPensa,. (1893-1960); Midnight Wat"7' (New Yol'k: E.P. Dutton, 1983) by Geoffrey cola: Fl orida � Finl Ptac, Ciey (Norfolk, VA: Donning Co., 1989). Norman is a fictionalaccount of:.\drug•smuggHng ring in the Florid.t P;tnhan• Mich ad Leigh (1912· ), n native oflrelnnd, came to Pc11sacol<1 ns :.P.msa,ola die; Suzannah Davis's Flig/11 o/ Desirt (New York: Dell, 1987), i, a "candlelight Nn,;s.Journalcolumnist in 1948. His books have included Cross of Fire (1919), a ecstasy romance" set in SC\lille SquMe of Pensacola. James P. Hogan's The fictional retclllng of the conquest of Zululnnd; Rogu, Erra nt ( 1951), an adven Mirror Mau (New York: Bantam Books, 1989) is an esplonngc-thrillcr about ture set against the romantic bnckgro\md of sevc11tccnth·century lrel:md j and two formerUniversity of WestFlorida students; the story deals with a con,tem H• Couldn'I Say Amen (1951), an adventurous prose ve,·sion of Shakespeare's porarysocial issue of the 1980s ln Pensacoln: the problems of nude dancing in Mtu:betl,. bars. Poetry about the area Includes Maude Hnyue, Hollowell'• Thos• Litt/• Biographical writings by Pensacolians include Thomu• Jefferson Things (New York: Vantage, 1979). · Thompson's Th e Tl, rllling lldventurts ofTliomasJeff erson 11,ump,on ( 1922) which Juvenile fiction with a Pensnco!a,,,ren settingincludes Wesley Ford Davis's tells of his life in the frontier Wc,t (Arizonn, Colorndo, and South Dakotn) TIH Tim• of th• Panther (New Yol'k: Harper, 1958) about a 11,ycnr-old's coming during the period 1880.1910; The Fourth Quarter (Tallnhnssce: 1976) by Alto of age in a west Florido lumber camp; Borden Deni'• A Long Way To Go (New Lee Adams (189!). ) is an autobiogrnphy by a former justice of the Florida York: Doubleday, 1965) a.bout three child ..en who, when thcir parenis fail to _ Supreme Court chronicling his early career in Pcn:rncolannd legalpcrsonnlitica return from Culf Bench. begin wnlking up the west Florid:\ -:onst to Alnbnmn; and cases of the area in the 1920s; the humorous memoirs of an Escambia and Rubylea Holl's Dav")' (New Yark: Duell, Sloan, 1951) nbout • west Florida .,. .tnc.DUVA .t..Vr.t.tt'.lli c.;u,J.)I:;'JV 1''LU1UDA TIJEf"LORJDA PANIIANDL8 schoolboy growing up on a shoreeroppet·'s form in the J 920s. An eight-year-old per columns written by Bingham. TI1cse excursions on Pcnsacoln waters orphan's arrival in the fictional town of Bishop in West Florida is the 1heme probably led composers Frank E.Ormsbee nnd Perry W. Recd to write their of Ma,y N, Dolim'• The Bishop Paltmi (New York: William Morrow, 1962); songs "Down Pens"cola Way" (1928) :,nd "In a Florido J-lou•ebo11t" (1924). Wylly Folk St. John's The Mysrery of th, 01/wr Gi'rt (New York: Viking Press, Other west Flo,·ida trips are ,..,called in William C. Anderson's Th, Htatbtnmg 1071) is a novel for young people based on scenes ;md activhies in Pensacola, Huu.seboat;or, Barnacles are Belter than Blow1mts bul Beware ofa ual,y 8cuement including the Night in Old Seville (Square) Fc,tivnl; sttr\ken treasure i• the (New York: Crown, 1072); Lndy Peg Wilko's SkipfrY Ride, tltrottgh Flo'rida: A theme of Ann Waldron's The Luchie Star (E.P. Dutton, 1977). North Florida Dog� fy Viet• ofthe Suruhine Stare (New York: V,mtngc Press, 1959), where locales nrc also the setting for Cora Chcn•y's books, Fortun, Hill (New York: Skippy, a Boston terrier, narrates her tt'avcls through I>anama City und Henry Holt, 1956) and T/11Roching ChaiT Bur.It (New York: HenryHolt, 1956); Pensacola. A cruise of n different sort is given by J•Y Norwood Darling and Layne Sbroder's Th, Foi,r of Them (Boston: Houghton, Miffiin, 1957) is a (18'76-1962), a popular cartoonist in the 1980s, in Tlie Cruise ofthe Bouncing psychological novel of four young nl'tists nt a resort town on the Florida gull' D.tsy; A Traikr Trawlogue (New York: Stokes, 1987); o portion covers his coast. gulf-coos! exploit, from C11lfpor1, Mississippi, to Pensacolo illustrated by Other less-definable but Pensacola-Jnnuenced books include Mickey "Ding" himself. Friedman's Hurricane Season (New York: Dutton, 1983) ,mtl Michael McDow As Pcnsacoln's qundrlccnlcnninl nppronchcd in 1959, the chy felt n re- ell's Bkzckwatu (New York: Avon Books, 1983), ol'iginally published as six newed interest in local hi$to1·y. The Pcnsncola Historical Soclcty, loc."\ted in suspense poperbaeks about a family and a tOMI silllated between. !he Perdido Old Christ Church in Seville Square, pre,c,ves unpublished and published . nnd Blaekwntcr riven, somewhere n little west of Pensacola. · matcrfals aboutclty historyas wen 3S artifact collectlons to support its museum. l'ensacola religious literary expression includ .. David Shepherd Roae's Its publishing program has included qua1·tel"lyjournals (Pensacola Historical .,,1a Lord, Make Evnything All Rig/,c(Scwanee, TN: The U11ivcrsity Press, 1982), an Quart.rt:,, 11u Eclw,p.,,. • l:Iistory111,ucrattd) as well •• monograph, by local autobiography of a Pensacola Episcopal clergyman; Rabbi Julius A. Leiberl'• historians including Norm:m Simons, Lcorn Sutton, Woody Skinner, Virginia Th• Lawgiver: A N""tlAhoutMoses (New York: Exposition Press, 1953); Meth Parks, and Jesse Earle Dowden. John Appleyard has published a number of odist minister Chulcs C, E.Jlis's Poum· of Pray,r (New York: Vnntnge Press, hiSlorles of agencies including the United Way, llaptlst Hospital, the school l 976);John William Frazer's TheUntried Civilu.aiion (Nashville, TN:Parthenon districl, and cily gover11ment. These efforts have been complemented by. Pr=, 1921), a book of essays published to celebrate the cenlennlal of regional publications of University of West Florida faculty. Methodism in Pcnsncola; and Cruce Dorothy IIell's From Stag, to Pu/pie(Cro,. The West Flol'idn Litcra,·y Federation, founded in 1985, ove.-.ccs the City, FL: Dixie County Advocate, 1935), the autobiography of a Pensacola publishing of works of several loe7tl writers. h has awarded the title of poet evangelist with a meandering account of he,· bottles with the devil. laureate of th� P;mhandlc to $UCh Wl'hers as Adella. Rosnsco-Soulc and Pensacola's setting on the writer hns been the theme of n number of novels Lconnrd Temme. In 1988, the fcdcr:1.tionbegan publiihing an ::1nmmlErncrald narrating life on the wat�rmd sailing the bay. One Qf the e.lrlicst is FourMonths Coast &uiew, which is an anthology showcasing dozens of authors, works In a Sntak-Do.: A Boat Voyag,of2600 Miles do,un tl,e Ohio and Missis,ippiRivers, including poetry, drawingsJ stol"ics. and essnys. The federation also provides and along the GT ten-county Pm1hnndlc. The 600.000 ii ems in the collections include rare books, by Panlumdl1T Clwpbuol, Series. .,he an annunl which fcaturct longer manu manuscript.s, maps:. photogrnphs-, newspapc1'S1 and related materials, maklng ac:npt.s. il one of the lul'gest research collections in Florida. The published and unpublished Htcrary manuscripts and papers of such west Florida writers as Milton E.W. Carswell, John Diamond, Odell Griffith,Willinm S. Rosasco Ill, Adelia U.S. RosascoSoulc, and other'$ a1·c hawed here, as well ;ui a b\l'gc Florida-author Millon is located on 90, 20 miles cast of Pcns.�toln. Situated on the book collection. A unique collection is the West Florida Cookbook Collection ll,JackwatcrRiver, Milton Is the scat of Sant.� Rosa County and in the nineteenth century was a major shipping port fo1·goods sent by ,va1cr to nearby Pensocola. of hundreds of culinary compilaiions from cooks, churches, and Florida organi1.ations. Thc!te include Pcnsl\coln chef Eurl Pcyroux's multi-volume The town beca,:ne the center for a manufocmring complex: of i;hipyards, lumbcr compamcs, nd val.stores operations. The history of the town and Gounntl Cooking (Pensacola: Pensacola Junior College, 1983-) t'1ken from his . � � county u recounted m Br,un ltuckcr'!i Bltuh11iattr and Yello1tJ Pitie: Th• Dwelojr PBS-TV series on WSRE-TV, Pcnsncola. ment ofSanta Rosa Coun1y (Tallahossec: Florido Stnte University, 1990) as well The libr:iry is also home to the Bibliog1':lphy of West Florida project, an as M, Luther King's Hirrory of Sa>1ta Ro,a County (Milton, FL: 1972). Other ongoing bibliogrophic indexing program to locotc and annotnte every major historical sources include Linda Laaurc's columns in the Santa Rr,.faFrie Prus item published in and about west Florido regn1·dlcss of subject. A1Tangcd by ond Brian Rucker's/acksonMorton: W She frequently mentions her mothe1·, who lived in Alford, Florida, north of Company closed in 1989, nnd today most residents commute to work in nearby Tallahassee, in her stories and in her Mollim An Always Special (1970). .Milton and I>enAco1a. Creative writing by young people i; fostered by the National Journnlism In recent yc:nrs, the new Bugdnd Village Pl'cservatlon Association has led Honor Societyat Milton High School. Since 1982 they have nnnunlly published a rcnaWance to create n historic district, preserve the company-town, and a literary magazine known under 1he litlc Rql.eclions nnd later Rhapsody. And restore several donated buildings. Brian R. Rucker, an instructor at Pensacola at the Milton cnmpu, of Pcnsncolnjunior College (PJC), the Sa nm Rosa Center Junior College, has written A Bagda,I Clnistmas (Milton, FL: Patagonia Pre••, fot· the Literary Aru hns produced an nnnunl Santa Rosa R,vi11u of prose and 1990) and documented tho early manufacturinghi•tory of the llngdad region, poetryby ,tudenu of PJC, under the dh-cction of Donnld M,mgum. known .. Black Wate.-, in his Ph.D. thesis: Blachwatn and Yellow Pine: The Dev,l0Jm1mt of Santa Rora CoU1llJI, 1821-1865 (Tatloh•.. cc, 1990), Fomow Bagdad aviator Jacqueline Cochran grew up near llngdad and recorded her early cxperienc.. In her autobiographies: 11,e Stars at Noon (Boston: Uttle, Brown, One mile south of Milton on Highway 89,just north of lntcr>bte 10, Jies 1954) andJacki, Codoran: An AuJobiogmJ>ily (New York: Bnntnm, 1987). the village of Bagdad. In the l8S0s, this region became one of the first mnjor Another Bagdad native was Leon Odell Griffith (1921-1984). Griffith, manufacturing arcM of F101idn. It began with John Hunt's brickyard, and though born in Crestview, grew up in Bitgdatl, the .!Ionof n Methodist minister. lumber companies and a shipyard soo11 followed. At nea,·by Arcadia, one of His journalistic cnrcer included .stints with newspapers in Pcns.i.col;-.1 Fort the first couon mills jn F1orid;, opened, its m;i.chincry powel'cd by water, Many Walton Beach, :mdjacksonvllle,and he returned to Pensacola in 1954 to found of these companies were destroyed during the Civil Wnt, but in the 1880s, a publivrclntions :\gency. His t,ovcl A Long Time Since Momit1g (New York: lumbering returned to the l'cglon to satisfy the dcmnnd of Victorian America Random House, 1954) is set in n norchcrn Floridi\ community �omcwherc i\ndEurope for.southcl'n pine-wood p1·oth1c15. An eycwitnc.s.5 account ofthe between Pensacola and Jacksonville nnd tolls of life in a small •outhcrn town lwnbcr industry and the area is provided by Emory Fiske Skinner's:Rnnin.is rui > with Deep South chamcten and smoldering conflict,, Certainly the book h cmees (Chic:,go: Vestal } riming Co., 1908): Skinner c.1mc to Dngd:,d and some Bagdad, Milton, nnd Pensacola in it, especinlly •incc the fictional town Pensacola in 1874 after running a 1mwmm in Ncvnda. 11,c presence of the i• named Creighton, possibly from C1·eighton Avenue, a major thoroughfare llagdad Sash Company and the later llngdnd Land ntld Lumber Company in Pensncola. Griffith followed up with Seed in ti" Wind (New Vo.-k: Rnndom influenced the growth ofn small compnny-town of cnrly twcnlieth-centutj' pine Howe, 1960), a novel about integration in a Sr(lallsou1hem town. Griffith's cottllges, churches, nnd company stores. The 'Bngdnd L.,nd and Lumber focus on raclulintolerance m�\Y huvesprung from his World W:lr II experience. After serving with an integrated military, he recalledhis cxpe1·ie11ccs in n story for NegroDigsst in 1916 1itled ''Back home in Dixie: A SouthernWhite Veteran Comes Home to Get a New View on Rncc Prejudice." Griffith also wrote two major nonfiction Florida wo,·ks: John H. Perry, Florida Preu Lord (Tampa: Trend l'ubllcatlom, 1971) nbout the man who acquired the PrnsarolaN,ws nnd Peruaco/a]ournal newspapers in 1924; nnd Ed Ball: Cunjusion to llulEnemy (Tampa: Trend Publications, 1975), a biography of ru, Influential Florida developer and hdr to the DuPont interests. Griffith's poetry was published ns /unpmand (Pcnsncoln: Fies�, Press, 1977); hi, wire, MaryC.Griffilh, wrote a biographical anthology,Pens=/a Wmn,n(Pensacola: Griffith Agency, 1978). Until his dcnth in 1084, Pensacolians were frequently treated to Criffilh•s opinion, nbout politics, business. and Escambia County hl,tory in his newspaper, The West FloridaOfficial. Floridale and Harold Proceeding eastward from Milton, following the railroad •long U.S. 90, are the townsof Harold, Holt, nnd Milligan. Hnrold, originally known as Good Ra.ngc1 w.isone ofchc fitst stops for the Louisville nnd N:\shviltc R.."lilrond when it began service in 1883. Sometime in the 1890s, Senator Ebcne2er Porter of P�c.sCrom Annt Cosulich'� 1710llallc o/ l'ctmrr,·111u·;1nJ Hmory Skinner'� l(4m/11fSC111tce1 lulnsas visited the arc:. nnd purchnscd the hmd around Cood R;mgc and TIIE BOOK J.OVl,R'S GUIDETO FLORIDA THE FLORIDA hlNJIANDLB around Holt, the next eastward atop o( the u·ain. He attempted lo renatnc lhc Wan research. One biography set a& the base is Lloyd MulJun•s A Day in tlu two towns forhis sons, but only Good Range wns rcpl.1ttcd ns the Hnrold E.F. Lift of a SupmrmicProject Offuer (New York: D. McKay Comp,my, 1958). Porter subdivision. In the tcn•mile stretch betwecll Milton :md 1-1:u·old, U.S. 90 ,d,o pnsses by DeFunialt Springs a now•invislb1c site originnl1y known as Florid�lc. The FJ01·id:.le Townsitc In May 1881,thc survey party forthe Pcnsacoln and Atlantic Railroad (Inter Corporation in 1926 acquired 50,000 acres nnd began const1'\lclion of a Louisville and Nashville) was riding eastward about 90 miles from Pensacola 150-roorn. Spanish-style hotel. Pm·lncrs in the col'poratlon wcl'c architect W.L, when they came out of a forest to findthcmselve3 on the shores of a round White and Richa,·d T. Ringling, of the Ringling B,·others, Barnum ai1d Bailey lake. Entranced with the beauty of the spot, Colonel William Dudley Chipley Circus, The hvish hotel was white with red tiles and constructed in the best ordered the building of a railroad way st.�tlon (supply stop), and they named •tyle of the day with hot and cold 1·m1nLng water, nn lee t>l Morl:mna in 1984 was investig:ited by the National Associotion for the Ad· An1eriwn Lif•(1856); Emut Linwood (1856); nnd Lori, AfterMarriug,; a,adOther vanccrncnt of Colored People and is recounted in James R. McGovern', Stories ojth,Hean (185?). Some of these works were published with different Analomy oja Lyncloing(Baton Rouge: Loulsian:1 State Univcrshy Press, 1982). Udc,as well. J. Russell Renver's compilation of Florida Fo/l,1ales (Gainesville: University Hentz.'� mo.st important work is The Plant1r·'s NortlurmDn'df!, written as a Presses ofFlorida, 1988) include, a tole about cnrpcll»gge,·s injaekson County southern answer to Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Totn's CaMn. Some critics (Talc 20). castigated Bri